1
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Xue H, Wu ZY, Zhang JL. Fluorination of porphyrin β-periphery boosts nickel(II)-catalyzed hydrogen evolution reaction. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 254:112516. [PMID: 38471287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Tunichlorin, the naturally occurring chlorophyll cofactor containing Ni(II) ion, sets up a golden standard for designing the electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) via β-peripheral modification. Besides the fine-tuning of the porphyrin β-periphery such as adjusting the aromatics (the saturated level of tetrapyrrole) or installing hydroxyl group (hydrogen bond network) to enhance the catalytic HER efficiency, here we report that β-fluorination of porphyrin is also an important approach to increase the reactivity of Ni(II) center. Benefiting the previously reported derivatization of β-fluorinated porpholactones, we constructed a β-fluorinated tunichlorin mimic (6). Compared with the non-fluorinated analogs (1, 3, and 5), we found that 2, 4, and 6 exhibit significant electrocatalytic HER reactivity acceleration (in terms of turnover frequencies, TOF, s-1) of ca. 37, 170, 133-fold, respectively. Mechanism studies suggested that β-fluorination negatively shifts the metal complexes' reduction potentials and accelerates the electron transfer process, both contributing to the boosting of HER reaction. Notably, 6 showed an 890-fold increase of TOFs than 1, demonstrating the combining advantages of the of fluorination, hydrogenation, and hydroxylation at porphyrin β-periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozong Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Zhuo-Yan Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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2
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Paul R, Kalita P, Dao DQ, Mondal I, Boro B, Mondal J. Linker Independent Regioselective Protonation Triggered Detoxification of Sulfur Mustards with Smart Porous Organic Photopolymer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302045. [PMID: 37165579 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient metal-free photocatalysts for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for sulfur mustard (HD) decontamination can play a vital role against the stockpiling of chemical warfare agents (CWAs). Herein, one novel concept is conceived by smartly choosing a specific ionic monomer and a donor tritopic aldehyde, which can trigger linker-independent regioselective protonation/deprotonation in the polymeric backbone. In this context, the newly developed vinylene-linked ionic polymers (TPA/TPD-Ionic) are further explored for visible-light-assisted detoxification of HD simulants. Time-resolved-photoluminescence (TRPL) study reveals the protonation effect in the polymeric backbone by significantly enhancing the life span of photoexcited electrons. In terms of catalytic performance, TPA-Ionic outperformed TPD-Ionic because of its enhanced excitons formation and charge carrier abilities caused by the donor-acceptor (D-A) backbone and protonation effects. Moreover, the formation of singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) species is confirmed via in-situ Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) analysis, which explained the crucial role of solvents in the reaction medium to regulate the (1 O2 ) formation. This study creates a new avenue for developing novel porous photocatalysts and highlights the crucial roles of sacrificial electron donors and solvents in the reaction medium to establish the structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Paul
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Priyanka Kalita
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Duy Quang Dao
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
- School of Engineering and Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Indranil Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bishal Boro
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - John Mondal
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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3
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Lalisse RF, Hadad CM, Brückner C, Guberman-Pfeffer MJ. [3 + 2]-Cycloadditions with Porphyrin β,β'-Bonds: Theoretical Basis of the Counterintuitive meso-Aryl Group Influence on the Rates of Reaction. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16473-16482. [PMID: 36444511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Removal of a β,β'-bond from meso-tetraarylporphyrin using [3 + 2]-cycloadditions generates meso-tetraarylhydroporphyrins. Literature evidence indicates that meso-tetraphenylporphyrins react more sluggishly with 1,3-dipoles such as ylides and OsO4 (in the presence of pyridine) than meso-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin. The trend is counterintuitive for the reaction with OsO4, as this formal oxidation reaction is expected to proceed more readily with more electron-rich substrates. This work presents a density functional theory-based computational study of the frontier molecular orbital (FMO) interactions and reaction profile thermodynamics involved in the reaction of archetypical cycloaddition reactions (a simple ylide, OsO4, OsO4·py, OsO4·(py)2, and ozone) with the β,β'-double bonds of variously fluorinated meso-arylporphyrins. The trend observed for the Type I cycloaddition of an ylide is straightforward, as lowering the LUMO of the porphyrin with increasing meso-phenyl-fluorination also lowers the reaction barrier. The corresponding simple FMO analyses of Type III cycloadditions do not correctly model the reaction energetics. This is because increasing fluorination leads to lowering of the porphyrin HOMO-2, thus increasing the reaction barrier. However, coordination of pyridine to OsO4 preorganizes the transition state complex; lowering of the energy barrier by the preorganization exceeds the increase in repulsive orbital interactions, overall accelerating the cycloaddition and rationalizing the counterintuitive experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy F Lalisse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Christopher M Hadad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Unit 3060, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Matthew J Guberman-Pfeffer
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States.,Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, 840 West Campus Drive, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
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4
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Jin GQ, Chau CV, Arambula JF, Gao S, Sessler JL, Zhang JL. Lanthanide porphyrinoids as molecular theranostics. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6177-6209. [PMID: 35792133 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00275b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, lanthanide (Ln) porphyrinoids have received increasing attention as theranostics. Broadly speaking, the term 'theranostics' refers to agents designed to allow both disease diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. This Review summarises the history and the 'state-of-the-art' development of Ln porphyrinoids as theranostic agents. The emphasis is on the progress made within the past decade. Applications of Ln porphyrinoids in near-infrared (NIR, 650-1700 nm) fluorescence imaging (FL), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), radiotherapy, and chemotherapy will be discussed. The use of Ln porphyrinoids as photo-activated agents ('phototheranostics') will also be highlighted in the context of three promising strategies for regulation of porphyrinic triplet energy dissipation pathways, namely: regioisomeric effects, metal regulation, and the use of expanded porphyrinoids. The goal of this Review is to showcase some of the ongoing efforts being made to optimise Ln porphyrinoids as theranostics and as phototheranostics, in order to provide a platform for understanding likely future developments in the area, including those associated with structure-based innovations, functional improvements, and emerging biological activation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Calvin V Chau
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA.
| | - Jonathan F Arambula
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA. .,InnovoTEX, Inc. 3800 N. Lamar Blvd, Austin, Texas 78756, USA.
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China. .,Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, P. R. China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Spin-X Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA.
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China. .,Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, P. R. China
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5
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Zhang Q, Lei H, Guo H, Wang Y, Gao Y, Zhang W, Cao R. Through-Space Electrostatic Effects of Positively Charged Substituents on the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200086. [PMID: 35156337 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the effects of various structural components on energy-related small molecule activation is of fundamental and practical significance. Herein the inhibition effect of positively charged substituents on the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was reported. With the use of Cu porphyrins 1-5 containing different numbers and locations of positively charged substituents, it was demonstrated that their electrocatalytic HER activities significantly decreased when more cationic units were located close to the Cu ion: the icat /ip (icat is the catalytic peak current, ip is the one-electron reduction peak current) value decreased from 38 with zero cationic unit to 15 with four closely located cationic units. Inspired by this result, Cu porphyrin 6, with four meso-phenyl groups each bearing a negatively charged para-sulfonic substituent, was designed. With these anionic units, 6 outperformed the other Cu porphyrins for electrocatalytic HER under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yabo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yimei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Rui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
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6
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Chaudhri N, Brückner C, Zeller M. Crystal structure of cis-7,8-dihy-droxy-5,10,15,20-tetra-phenyl-chlorin and its zinc(II)-ethyl-enedi-amine complex. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2022; 78:392-398. [PMID: 35492263 PMCID: PMC8983991 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989022002729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The title chlorin, 2PhH2 , hydrogen-bonded to di-methyl-amino-pyridine (DMAP), C44H32N4O2·C7H10N2, and its corresponding zinc(II) complex, 2PhZn, axially coordinated to ethyl-enedi-amine (EDA), [Zn(C44H30N4O2)]·C2H8N2, were isolated and crystallized by adventitious reduction of the corresponding osmate esters by DMAP and EDA, respectively. Known since 1996 and, inter alia, used for the preparation of a wide range of (planar and non-planar) chlorin analogues (so-called pyrrole-modified porphyrins), their conformational analyses in the solid state are important benchmarks. Both macrocycles are only modestly distorted from planarity and both are slightly more non-planar than the corresponding dimeth-oxy-derivative, but less planar than a free-base meso-penta-fluoro-phenyl-based osmate ester. NSD analyses provide qu-anti-tative and qualitative analyses of the distortion modes. One origin of the non-planarity is presumably the avoidance of the eclipsed configuration of the two vic-cis diols on the pyrroline moiety; the resulting deformation of the pyrroline translates in some cases into the macrocycle. The structure of 2PhH2 features voids making up ca 26% of the unit-cell volume filled with highly disordered solvate mol-ecules (chloro-form and hexa-nes). 2PhZn crystallized with a 13.6 (4)% occupied solvate methanol mol-ecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Chaudhri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2084, USA
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7
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Thuita DW, Brückner C. Metal Complexes of Porphyrinoids Containing Nonpyrrolic Heterocycles. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7990-8052. [PMID: 35302354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The replacement of one or more pyrrolic building block(s) of a porphyrin by a nonpyrrolic heterocycle leads to the formation of so-called pyrrole-modified porphyrins (PMPs), porphyrinoids of broad structural variability. The wide range of coordination environments (type, number, charge, and architecture of the donor atoms) that the pyrrole-modified frameworks provide to the central metal ions, the frequent presence of donor atoms at their periphery, and their often observed nonplanarity or conformational flexibility distinguish the complexes of the PMPs clearly from those of the traditional square-planar, dianionic, N4-coordinating (hydro)porphyrins. Their different coordination properties suggest their utilization in areas beyond which regular metalloporphyrins are suitable. Following a general introduction to the synthetic methodologies available to generate pyrrole-modified porphyrins, their general structure, history, coordination chemistry, and optical properties, this Review highlights the chemical, electronic (optical), and structural differences of specific classes of metalloporphyrinoids containing nonpyrrolic heterocycles. The focus is on macrocycles with similar "tetrapyrrolic" architectures as porphyrins, thusly excluding the majority of expanded porphyrins. We highlight the relevance and application of these metal complexes in biological and technical fields as chemosensors, catalysts, photochemotherapeutics, or imaging agents. This Review provides an introduction to the field of metallo-PMPs as well as a comprehensive snapshot of the current state of the art of their synthesis, structures, and properties. It also aims to provide encouragement for the further study of these intriguing and structurally versatile metalloporphyrinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damaris Waiyigo Thuita
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
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8
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β-Pyrrole functionalized porphyrins: Synthesis, electronic properties, and applications in sensing and DSSC. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Li X, Lv B, Zhang X, Jin X, Guo K, Zhou D, Bian H, Zhang W, Apfel U, Cao R. Introducing Water‐Network‐Assisted Proton Transfer for Boosted Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution with Cobalt Corrole. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xialiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Bin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Xue‐Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Xiaotong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Kai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Dexia Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Hongtao Bian
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Ulf‐Peter Apfel
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Anorganische Chemie I Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
- Fraunhofer UMSICHT Osterfelder Strasse 3 46047 Oberhausen Germany
| | - Rui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
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10
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Li X, Lv B, Zhang XP, Jin X, Guo K, Zhou D, Bian H, Zhang W, Apfel UP, Cao R. Introducing Water-Network-Assisted Proton Transfer for Boosted Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution with Cobalt Corrole. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114310. [PMID: 34913230 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Proton transfer is vital for many biological and chemical reactions. Hydrogen-bonded water-containing networks are often found in enzymes to assist proton transfer, but similar strategy has been rarely presented by synthetic catalysts. We herein report the Co corrole 1 with an appended crown ether unit and its boosted activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Crystallographic and 1H NMR studies proved that the crown ether of 1 can grab water via hydrogen bonds. By using protic acids as proton sources, the HER activity of 1 was largely boosted with added water, while the activity of crown-ether-free analogues showed very small enhancement. Inhibition studies by adding (1) external 18-crown-6-ether to extract water molecules and (2) potassium ion or N-benzyl-n-butylamine to block the crown ether of 1 further confirmed its critical role in assisting proton transfer via grabbed water molecules. This work presents a synthetic example to boost HER through water-containing networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xialiang Li
- Shaanxi Normal University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Bin Lv
- Shaanxi Normal University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Xue-Peng Zhang
- Shaanxi Normal University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Xiaotong Jin
- Shaanxi Normal University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Kai Guo
- shaanxi normal university, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Dexia Zhou
- Shaanxi Normal University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Hongtao Bian
- Shaanxi Normal University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shaanxi Normal University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Ulf-Peter Apfel
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Fakultät fur Chemie und Biochemie, GERMANY
| | - Rui Cao
- Shaanxi Normal University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Chang'an Campus, Number 620 West Chang'an Avenue, Chang'an District, 710119, Xi'an, CHINA
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11
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Yang S, Li X, Qin Y, Cheng Y, Fan W, Lang X, Zheng L, Cao Q. Modulating the Stacking Model of Covalent Organic Framework Isomers with Different Generation Efficiencies of Reactive Oxygen Species. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:29471-29481. [PMID: 34152718 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of a facile synthesis and controllable layer stacking approach for covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is an important issue for modulating their properties and realizing their application diversity. Herein, three COF isomers with different stacking models (eclipsed AA, staggered AB, and ABC stacking) were obtained by modulating the reaction temperature and solvent medium. Experimental and theoretical calculations show that the ABC stacking isomer obtained at room temperature is the kinetic product, while the AA stacking isomer prepared by the solvothermal method is a thermodynamic product. Owing to the tautomerism involved in the reaction process, these isomers possess different ratios of enol and keto forms. Thus, they exhibit different generation efficiencies of Type I and Type II reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ABC stacking isomers could be employed as metal-free heterogeneous photocatalysts for visible-light-induced oxidation of amines to imines, owing to the highest generation efficiency of Type I ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxiong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Yunnan University, Ministry of Education, Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2 North Cuihu Road, 650091 Kunming, China
| | - Xia Li
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Yunnan University, Ministry of Education, Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2 North Cuihu Road, 650091 Kunming, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Yunnan University, Ministry of Education, Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2 North Cuihu Road, 650091 Kunming, China
| | - Wenwen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Yunnan University, Ministry of Education, Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2 North Cuihu Road, 650091 Kunming, China
| | - Xianjun Lang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Liyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Yunnan University, Ministry of Education, Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2 North Cuihu Road, 650091 Kunming, China
| | - Qiue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Yunnan University, Ministry of Education, Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2 North Cuihu Road, 650091 Kunming, China
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12
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Nganga J, Chaudhri N, Brückner C, Angeles-Boza AM. β-Oxochlorin cobalt(II) complexes catalyze the electrochemical reduction of CO 2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4396-4399. [PMID: 33949479 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00573a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the architecture of the macrocycle of heme d1, a series of synthetic mono-, di- and tri-β-oxo-substituted porphyrinoid cobalt(ii) complexes were evaluated as electrocatalytic CO2 reducers, identifying complexes of unusually high efficiencies in generating multi-electron reduction products, including CH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Nganga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Nivedita Chaudhri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Alfredo M Angeles-Boza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA. and Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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13
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Thuita D, Damunupola D, Brückner C. Oxazolochlorins 21. Most Efficient Access to meso-Tetraphenyl- and meso-Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porpholactones, and Their Zinc(II) and Platinum(II) Complexes. Molecules 2020; 25:E4351. [PMID: 32972021 PMCID: PMC7570530 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
meso-Phenyl- and meso-pentafluorophenyl-porpholactones, their metal complexes, as well as porphyrinoids directly derived from them are useful in a number of technical and biomedical applications, and more uses are expected to be discovered. About a dozen competing and complementary pathways toward their synthesis were reported. The suitability of the methods changes with the meso-aryl group and whether the free base or metal derivatives are sought. These circumstances make it hard for anyone outside of the field of synthetic porphyrin chemistry to ascertain which pathway is the best to produce which specific derivative. We report here on what we experimentally evaluated to be the most efficient pathways to generate the six key compounds from the commercially available porphyrins, meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) and meso-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (TFPP): free base meso-tetraphenylporpholactone (TPL) and meso-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porpholactone (TFPL), and their platinum(II) and zinc(II) complexes TPLPt, TFPLPt, TPLZn, and TFPLZn, respectively. Detailed procedures are provided to make these intriguing molecules more readily available for their further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Unit 3060, Storrs, CT 06269–3060, USA; (D.T.); (D.D.)
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Jin GQ, Xue HZ, Zhang JL. Porpholactone Chemistry: Shining New Light on an Old Cofactor. Chempluschem 2020; 86:71-81. [PMID: 32844583 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of porpholactone chemistry, discovered over 30 years ago, has significantly stimulated the development of biomimetic tetrapyrrole chemistry. It offers an opportunity, through modifications of non-pyrrolic building blocks, to clarify the relationship between chemical structure and excited-state properties, deciphering the structural code for the biological functions of life pigments. With intriguing photophysical properties in the red to near-infrared (NIR) regions, facile modulation of their electronic nature by fine-tuning chemical structures, and coordination ability with diverse metal ions, these novel porphyrinoids have favorable prospects in the fields of optical materials, bioimaging and therapy, and catalysis. In this Minireview, we summarize the brief history of porpholactone chemistry, and focus on the studies carried out in our group, particularly on the regioisomeric effect, NIR lanthanide luminescence, and metal catalysis. We outline the perspectives of these compounds in the construction of porpholactone-related biomedical applications and optical and energy materials, in order to inspire more interest and further advance bioinspired inorganic chemistry and lanthanide chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Zong Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China
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15
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Tuning the reactivity of cobalt-based H2 production electrocatalysts via the incorporation of the peripheral basic functionalities. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Yang ZS, Yao Y, Sedgwick AC, Li C, Xia Y, Wang Y, Kang L, Su H, Wang BW, Gao S, Sessler JL, Zhang JL. Rational design of an "all-in-one" phototheranostic. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8204-8213. [PMID: 34123091 PMCID: PMC8163340 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03368e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here porphodilactol derivatives and their corresponding metal complexes. These systems show promise as "all-in-one" phototheranostics and are predicated on a design strategy that involves controlling the relationship between intersystem crossing (ISC) and photothermal conversion efficiency following photoexcitation. The requisite balance was achieved by tuning the aromaticity of these porphyrinoid derivatives and forming complexes with one of two lanthanide cations, namely Gd3+ and Lu3+. The net result led to a metalloporphodilactol system, Gd-trans-2, with seemingly optimal ISC efficiency, photothermal conversion efficiency and fluorescence properties, as well as good chemical stability. Encapsulation of Gd-trans-2 within mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) allowed its evaluation for tumour diagnosis and therapy. It was found to be effective as an "all-in-one" phototheranostic that allowed for NIR fluorescence/photoacoustic dual-modal imaging while providing an excellent combined PTT/PDT therapeutic efficacy in vitro and in vivo in 4T1-tumour-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Shu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Yuhang Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Adam C Sedgwick
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin 105 East 24th Street-A5300 Austin TX 78712-1224 USA
| | - Cuicui Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital Beijing 100034 P. R. China
| | - Ye Xia
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Lei Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital Beijing 100034 P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Su
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Bing-Wu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin 105 East 24th Street-A5300 Austin TX 78712-1224 USA
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
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