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Shakibi Nia N, Griesser C, Mairegger T, Wernig EM, Bernardi J, Portenkirchner E, Penner S, Kunze-Liebhäuser J. Titanium Oxycarbide as Platinum-Free Electrocatalyst for Ethanol Oxidation. ACS Catal 2024; 14:324-329. [PMID: 38205023 PMCID: PMC10775143 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c04097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The compound material titanium oxycarbide (TiOC) is found to be an effective electrocatalyst for the electrochemical oxidation of ethanol to CO2. The complete course of this reaction is one of the main challenges in direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs). While TiOC has previously been investigated as catalyst support material only, in this study we show that TiOC alone is able to oxidize ethanol to acetaldehyde without the need of expensive noble metal catalysts like Pt. It is suggested that this behavior is attributed to the presence of both undercoordinated sites, which allow ethanol to adsorb, and oxygenated sites, which facilitate the activation of water. This is a milestone in DEFC research and development and opens up innovative possibilities for the design of catalyst materials for intermediate temperature fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niusha Shakibi Nia
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Griesser
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Mairegger
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Wernig
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Bernardi
- USTEM, Technische Universität Wien, Stadionalle 2, 1020 Wien, Austria
| | | | - Simon Penner
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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2
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Haug L, Griesser C, Thurner CW, Winkler D, Moser T, Thaler M, Bartl P, Rainer M, Portenkirchner E, Schumacher D, Dierschke K, Köpfle N, Penner S, Beyer MK, Loerting T, Kunze-Liebhäuser J, Klötzer B. A laboratory-based multifunctional near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy system for electrochemical, catalytic, and cryogenic studies. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:065104. [PMID: 37862508 DOI: 10.1063/5.0151755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
A versatile multifunctional laboratory-based near ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) instrument is presented. The entire device is highly customized regarding geometry, exchangeable manipulators and sample stages for liquid- and solid-state electrochemistry, cryochemistry, and heterogeneous catalysis. It therefore delivers novel and unique access to a variety of experimental approaches toward a broad choice of functional materials and their specific surface processes. The high-temperature (electro)catalysis manipulator is designed for probing solid state/gas phase interactions for heterogeneous catalysts including solid electrolyzer/fuel cell electrocatalysts at pressures up to 15 mbar and temperatures from room temperature to 1000 °C. The liquid electrochemistry manipulator is specifically designed for in situ spectroscopic investigations of polarized solid/liquid interfaces using aqueous electrolytes and the third one for experiments for ice and ice-like materials at cryogenic temperatures to approximately -190 °C. The flexible and modular combination of these setups provides the opportunity to address a broad spectrum of in situ and operando XPS experiments on a laboratory-based system, circumventing the limited accessibility of experiments at synchrotron facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander Haug
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Griesser
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph W Thurner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Winkler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Toni Moser
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marco Thaler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pit Bartl
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manuel Rainer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - David Schumacher
- SPECS Surface Nano Analysis GmbH, Voltastraße 5, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Dierschke
- SPECS Surface Nano Analysis GmbH, Voltastraße 5, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Köpfle
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simon Penner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin K Beyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Kunze-Liebhäuser
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Klötzer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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3
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Kamyabi MA, Jadali S, Alizadeh T. Ethanol Electrooxidation on Nickel Foam Arrayed with Templated PdSn; From Catalyst Fabrication to Electrooxidation Dominance Route. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Kamyabi
- Electroanalytical Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Zanjan 45371-38791 Zanjan Iran
| | - Salma Jadali
- Electroanalytical Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Zanjan 45371-38791 Zanjan Iran
| | - Taher Alizadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University College of Science University of Tehran P.O. Box 14155–6455 Tehran Iran
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4
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Tang C, Huang J, Liu Y, He X, Chen G, He Z. Ethanol Electrooxidation on an Island-Like Nanoporous Gold/Palladium Electrocatalyst in Alkaline Media: Electrocatalytic Properties and an In Situ Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Study. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:19388-19398. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuilan Tang
- Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, P. R. China
| | - Jinglin Huang
- Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, P. R. China
| | - Yansong Liu
- Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoshan He
- Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, P. R. China
| | - Guo Chen
- Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, P. R. China
| | - Zhibing He
- Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, P. R. China
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5
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Almeida CV, Huang H, Russell AE, Eguiluz KI, Salazar-Banda GR. Improving the catalytic activity of Pt-Rh/C towards ethanol oxidation through the addition of Pb. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Zhao L, Wen M, Fang H, Meng K, Qiu X, Wu Q, Fu Y. NiCoPd Inlaid NiCo-Bimetallene for Efficient Electrocatalytic Methanol Oxidation. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10211-10219. [PMID: 35723430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pd-based metallenes have attracted great attention recently as newly burgeoning two-dimensional (2D) materials, attributed to their significantly increased active surface areas and intrinsic electrocatalytic activities. Therefore, they could be used as a potential candidate as the high-performance electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation reactions (MORs) in the direct methanol fuel cell. Herein, a new strategy is proposed to fabricate NiCoPd inlaid NiCo-bimetallene (NiCoPd/NiCo-bimetallene) by the structure directing effect of 18-crown-6 ether under an ultrasonic-pulse interface together with the HCHO reduction and atom-diffusion-aging process. NiCoPd ternary-alloys with uniformly dispersed Pd active sites are decorated onto NiCo-bimetallenes, achieving remarkably enhancing the effective utilization of Pd atoms. What is more, the intrinsic activity is enhanced by the "bifunctional mechanism" of NiCo-bimetallene adsorption of intermediate species and increased Pd-active sites. Moreover, the anti-CO poisoning ability is optimized through the "alloying ligand effect" of NiCoPd. Therefore, the NiCoPd/NiCo-bimetallene exhibits excellent mass activity for MOR, which is higher than commercial Pd/C. This work suggests a new way of the Pd-based metallenes catalyst approach to the efficient electrocatalytic MOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ming Wen
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hao Fang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, 250353, China
| | - Kexin Meng
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoyu Qiu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qingsheng Wu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yongqing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K
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7
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Qin Y, Huang H, Yu W, Zhang H, Li Z, Wang Z, Lai J, Wang L, Feng S. Porous PdWM (M = Nb, Mo and Ta) Trimetallene for High C1 Selectivity in Alkaline Ethanol Oxidation Reaction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103722. [PMID: 34951154 PMCID: PMC8844492 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Direct ethanol fuel cells are among the most efficient and environmentally friendly energy-conversion devices and have been widely focused. The ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) is a multielectron process with slow kinetics. The large amount of by-product generated by incomplete oxidation greatly reduces the efficiency of energy conversion through the EOR. In this study, a novel type of trimetallene called porous PdWM (M = Nb, Mo and Ta) is synthesized by a facile method. The mass activity (15.6 A mgPd -1 ) and C1 selectivity (55.5%) of Pd50 W27 Nb23 /C trimetallene, obtained after optimizing the compositions and proportions of porous PdWM, outperform those of commercial Pt/C (1.3 A mgPt -1 , 5.9%), Pd/C (5.0 A mgPd -1 , 7.2%), and Pd97 W3 /C bimetallene (9.5 A mgPd -1 , 14.1%). The mechanism by which Pd50 W27 Nb23 /C enhances the EOR performance is evaluated by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. It is found that W and Nb enhance the adsorption of CH3 CH2 OH and oxophilic high-valence Nb accelerates the subsequent oxidation of CO and CHx species. Moreover, Nb promotes the cleavage of CC bonds and increases the C1 selectivity. Pd60 W28 Mo12 /C and Pd64 W27 Ta9 /C trimetallene synthesized by the same method also exhibit excellent EOR performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐chemical EngineeringKey Laboratory of Optic‐electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry of Life ScienceTaishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco Chemical Process and TechnologyLaboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Applied ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042P. R. China
| | - Hao Huang
- School of Sustainable Energy Materials and ScienceJinhua Advanced Research InstituteJinhua321000P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐chemical EngineeringKey Laboratory of Optic‐electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry of Life ScienceTaishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco Chemical Process and TechnologyLaboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Applied ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042P. R. China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety ProtectionCollege of Environment and Safety EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042P. R. China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042China
| | - Zuochao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐chemical EngineeringKey Laboratory of Optic‐electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry of Life ScienceTaishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco Chemical Process and TechnologyLaboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Applied ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042P. R. China
| | - Jianping Lai
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐chemical EngineeringKey Laboratory of Optic‐electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry of Life ScienceTaishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco Chemical Process and TechnologyLaboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Applied ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐chemical EngineeringKey Laboratory of Optic‐electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry of Life ScienceTaishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco Chemical Process and TechnologyLaboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Applied ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042P. R. China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety ProtectionCollege of Environment and Safety EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042P. R. China
| | - Shouhua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐chemical EngineeringKey Laboratory of Optic‐electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry of Life ScienceTaishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco Chemical Process and TechnologyLaboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Applied ChemistryCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042P. R. China
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8
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Zhang J, Di Q, Zhao X, Zhu W, Luan Y, Hou Z, Fan X, Zhou Y, Wang S, Quan Z. Controllable Synthesis of Platinum-Tin Intermetallic Nanoparticles with High Electrocatalytic Performance for Ethanol Oxidation. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01644j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article proposes a general approach for the preparation of intermetallic nanoparticles of Pt3Sn, PtSn, PtSn2, and PtSn4, triggered by hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) in conjunction with SnCl2. The ethanol oxidation reaction...
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9
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Zhang J, Zhao T, Yuan M, Li Z, Wang W, Bai Y, Liu Z, Li S, Zhang G. Trimetallic synergy in dendritic intermetallic PtSnBi nanoalloys for promoting electrocatalytic alcohol oxidation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 602:504-512. [PMID: 34144304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Developing effective and robust novel electrocatalysts for direct alcohol fuel cells has been gaining much attention. However, the widely used Pt catalyst suffers from limitations including the sluggish kinetics, severe CO poisoning, and catalyst lost caused by aggregation and Ostwald ripening during alcohol oxidation reaction. Herein, dendritic intermetallic PtSnBi nanoalloys were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal approach with high electrocatalytic performance and enhanced CO resistance for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) owing to the synergism of the chosen three elements and unique three-dimensional morphology. Specifically, the PtSnBi nanoalloys display 4.6 and 6.7 times higher of mass activity (7.02 A mg-1Pt) and specific activity (16.65 mA cm-2) toward MOR than those of commercial Pt/C, respectively. The mass activity of PtSnBi nanoalloys still retains 75.7% of the initial value after 800 cycles of stability test, superior to Pt/C (38.0%). The dual-functional effect of Sn, optimized electronic structure by the ligand effect, and unique atomic arrangement are responsible for the enhanced MOR activity and stability of PtSnBi nanoalloys. Furthermore, the PtSnBi nanoalloys with highlighted anti-CO poisoning capacity also improve the electrocatalytic performance toward EOR, indicating their great promise as broad energy electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, PR China; Center of Materials Science and Optoeletronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, PR China
| | - Tongkun Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, PR China; Center of Materials Science and Optoeletronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, PR China
| | - Menglei Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, PR China; Center of Materials Science and Optoeletronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, PR China
| | - Zehui Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, PR China; Center of Materials Science and Optoeletronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, PR China
| | - Yiling Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China; Synfuels China Technology Co. Ltd., Huairou District, Beijing 101407 China
| | - Zhanjun Liu
- Center of Materials Science and Optoeletronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Shuwei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, PR China; Center of Materials Science and Optoeletronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, PR China
| | - Guangjin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, PR China; Center of Materials Science and Optoeletronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, PR China.
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10
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El Attar A, Oularbi L, Chemchoub S, El Rhazi M. Effect of electrochemical activation on the performance and stability of hybrid (PPy/Cu2O nanodendrites) for efficient ethanol oxidation in alkaline medium. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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11
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Recent Developments for the Application of 3D Structured Material Nickel Foam and Graphene Foam in Direct Liquid Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum and platinum-based catalysts are some of the most effective catalysts used in fuel cells. However, electrocatalysts used for direct liquid fuel cells (DLFCs) and electrolyzers are high cost and suffer from several other problems, thus hindering their commercialization as power sources to produce clean energy. Common issues in electrocatalysts are low stability and durability, slow kinetics, catalyst poisoning, high catalyst loading, high cost of the catalytic materials, poisoning of the electrocatalysts, and formation of intermediate products during electrochemical reactions. The use of catalyst supports can enhance the catalytic activity and stability of the power sources. Thus, nickel foam and graphene foam with 3D structures have advantages over other catalyst supports. This paper presents the application of nickel foam and graphene foam as catalyst supports that enhance the activities, selectivity, efficiency, specific surface area, and exposure of the active sites of DLFCs. Selected recent studies on the use of foam in electrolyzers are also presented.
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Polyhydroxylated fullerenes: An efficient support for Pt electrocatalysts toward ethanol oxidation. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) have emerged as promising and advanced power systems that can considerably reduce fossil fuel dependence, and thus have attracted worldwide attention. DEFCs have many apparent merits over the analogous devices fed with hydrogen or methanol. As the key constituents, the catalysts for both cathodes and anodes usually face some problems (such as high cost, low conversion efficiency, and inferior durability) that hinder the commercialization of DEFCs. This review mainly focuses on the most recent advances in nanostructured catalysts for anode materials in DEFCS. First, we summarize the effective strategies used to achieve highly active Pt- and Pd-based catalysts for ethanol electro-oxidation, including composition control, microstructure design, and the optimization of support materials. Second, a few non-precious catalysts based on transition metals (such as Fe, Co, and Ni) are introduced. Finally, we outline the concerns and future development of anode catalysts for DEFCs. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of anode catalysts for ethanol oxidation in DEFCs.
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