1
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Tu JL, Huang B. Direct C(sp 3)-H functionalization with aryl and alkyl radicals as intermolecular hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) agents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:11450-11465. [PMID: 39268687 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03383c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the emergence of direct intermolecular C(sp3)-H bond functionalization using in situ generated aryl/alkyl radicals as a unique class of hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) agents. A variety of precursors have been exploited to produce these radical HAT agents under photocatalytic, electrochemical or thermal conditions. To date, viable aryl radical precursors have included aryl diazonium salts or aryl azosulfones, diaryliodonium salts, O-benzoyl oximes, aryl sulfonium salts, aryl thioesters, and aryl halides; and applicable alkyl radical sources have included tetrahalogenated methanes (e.g., CCl3Br, CBr4 and CF3I), N-hydroxyphthalimide esters, alkyl bromides, and acetic acid. This review summarizes the current advances in direct intermolecular C(sp3)-H functionalization through key HAT events with in situ generated aryl/alkyl radicals and categorizes the procedures by the specific radical precursors applied. With an emphasis on the reaction conditions, mechanisms and representative substrate scopes of these protocols, this review aims to demonstrate the current trends and future challenges of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin Tu
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519085, China.
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Binbin Huang
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519085, China.
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2
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Liu ZL, Yan JL, Chen K, Xiang HY, Yang H. Enantioselective 1,2-Carboamination of 1,3-Dienes with N-Hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) Esters Enabled by a Photoinduced Pd Catalysis. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 39361810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a photoinduced, Pd-catalyzed direct 1,2-carboamination of conjugated 1,3-dienes has been successfully achieved. Sequential regioselective C-C bond and enantioselective C-N bond formation allows rapid assembly of a wide range of value-added chiral allylic amines from readily available N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) esters and 1,3-dienes under mild conditions. This developed protocol further demonstrates the versatility and potency of the photoexcited Pd catalytic system with a bifunctional reagent in the streamlined difunctionalization of C═C bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Lin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Le Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
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3
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Zhang TZ, Shen MQ, Zhang Q, Fu MC. Alcohols as Alkyl Electrophiles for Deoxygenative Heck Reaction Enabled by Excited State Pd Catalysis. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 39356970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Here, we present a general method for the photoinduced Pd-catalyzed deoxygenative Heck reaction of vinyl arenes with ortho-iodophenyl-thionocarbonate derived from alcohols. Mechanistic studies reveal that the deoxygenation involves a 5-endo-trig cyclization and fragmentation process, with radical addition identified as the rate-determining step in this transformation. This one-pot procedure demonstrates excellent selectivity for less hindered hydroxyl groups in diols, facilitating late-stage functionalization of complex molecules and scalability to gram-scale synthesis. The protocol highlights significant synthetic potential and can be extended to the cascade 1,1-difunctionalization of isocyanides and the intermolecular radical cascade cyclization of N-arylacrylamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Zhen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Department Flexible Composite Materials Key Technology Center, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Meng-Qi Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Department Flexible Composite Materials Key Technology Center, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Department Flexible Composite Materials Key Technology Center, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Ming-Chen Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Department Flexible Composite Materials Key Technology Center, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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4
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Rezgui SP, Farhi J, Yu H, Sercel ZP, Virgil SC, Stoltz BM. Divergent total syntheses of pyrroloiminoquinone alkaloids enabled by the development of a Larock/Buchwald-Hartwig annulation/cyclization. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12284-12290. [PMID: 39118607 PMCID: PMC11304541 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02981j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyrroloiminoquinone alkaloids are a large class of natural products that display a wide range of biological activities. Synthetic approaches to these natural products typically rely on a common late-stage C10-oxygenated pyrroloiminoquinone intermediate, but these strategies often lead to lengthy synthetic sequences that are not amenable to divergent syntheses. We devised an alternative approach aimed at the early introduction of the C10 nitrogen, which we hypothesized would enable late-stage diversification. This strategy hinged upon a Larock/Buchwald-Hartwig annulation/cyclization to quickly access the core of these alkaloids. We report the development of this cascade process, which was facilitated by a dual ligand system in addition to selective functionalization of the key intermediate, to provide efficient syntheses of makaluvamines A, C, and D and isobatzelline B, and the first total synthesis of makaluvamine N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir P Rezgui
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Jonathan Farhi
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Hao Yu
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Zachary P Sercel
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Scott C Virgil
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
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5
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Chen B, Li R, Feng J, Zhao B, Zhang J, Yu J, Xu Y, Xing Z, Zhao Y, Wang B, Huang X. Modular Access to Chiral Amines via Imine Reductase-Based Photoenzymatic Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14278-14286. [PMID: 38727720 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The development of catalysts serves as the cornerstone of innovation in synthesis, as exemplified by the recent discovery of photoenzymes. However, the repertoire of naturally occurring enzymes repurposed by direct light excitation to catalyze new-to-nature photobiotransformations is currently limited to flavoproteins and keto-reductases. Herein, we shed light on imine reductases (IREDs) that catalyze the remote C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond formation, providing a previously elusive radical hydroalkylation of enamides for accessing chiral amines (45 examples with up to 99% enantiomeric excess). Beyond their natural function in catalyzing two-electron reductive amination reactions, upon direct visible-light excitation or in synergy with a synthetic photoredox catalyst, IREDs are repurposed to tune the non-natural photoinduced single-electron radical processes. By conducting wet mechanistic experiments and computational simulations, we unravel how engineered IREDs direct radical intermediates toward the productive and enantioselective pathway. This work represents a promising paradigm for harnessing nature's catalysts for new-to-nature asymmetric transformations that remain challenging through traditional chemocatalytic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Renjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianqiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Beibei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinhai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhongqiu Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Binju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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6
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Ruan XY, Wu DX, Li WA, Lin Z, Sayed M, Han ZY, Gong LZ. Photoinduced Pd-Catalyzed Enantioselective Carboamination of Dienes via Aliphatic C-H Bond Elaboration. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12053-12062. [PMID: 38622809 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Three-component diene carboaminations offer a potent means to access synthetically valuable allylic amines with rapid molecular complexity escalation. The existing literature primarily discloses racemic examples, necessitating the use of halides/pseudohalides as substrates. This paper introduces a photoinduced Pd-catalyzed enantioselective three-component carboamination of aryl-substituted 1,3-dienes, leveraging aliphatic C-H bonds for rapid synthesis. The reaction employs 10 mol % of chiral palladium catalyst and an excess aryl bromide as the HAT reagent. This approach yields diverse chiral allylamines with moderate to excellent enantioselectivities. Notably, it stands as the first instance of an asymmetric three-component diene carboamination reaction, directly utilizing abundant C(sp3)-H bearing partners, such as toluene-type substrates, ethers, amines, esters, and ketones. The protocol exhibits versatility across amines, encompassing aliphatic, aromatic, primary, and secondary derivatives. This method could serve as a versatile platform for stereoselective incorporation of various nucleophiles, dienes, and C(sp3)-H bearing partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yun Ruan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Dan-Xing Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wen-Ao Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zihan Lin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Mostafa Sayed
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Han
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Liu-Zhu Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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7
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Wei Y, Xie XY, Liu J, Liu X, Zhang B, Chen XY, Li SJ, Lan Y, Hong K. Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Heck Coupling and Allylboration of Iododiboron Compounds via Diboryl Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401050. [PMID: 38444397 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Geminal bis(boronates) are versatile synthetic building blocks in organic chemistry. The fact that they predominantly serve as nucleophiles in the previous reports, however, has restrained their synthetic potential. Herein we disclose the ambiphilic reactivity of α-halogenated geminal bis(boronates), of which the first catalytic utilization was accomplished by merging a formal Heck cross-coupling with a highly diastereoselective allylboration of aldehydes or imines, providing a new avenue for rapid assembly of polyfunctionalized boron-containing compounds. We demonstrated that this cascade reaction is highly efficient and compatible with various functional groups, and a wide range of heterocycles. In contrast to a classical Pd(0/II) scenario, mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations have provided strong evidence for a catalytic cycle involving Pd(I)/diboryl carbon radical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jiabin Liu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xin-Yi Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Kai Hong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
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8
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Du YJ, Sheng XX, Tang LN, Chen JM, Liu GY, Hu H, Yang S, Zhu L, Chen M. Accessing Benzoazepine Derivatives via Photoinduced Radical Relay Formal [5 + 2] Reaction of Amide/Alkyne Enabled by Palladium Catalysis. Org Lett 2024; 26:2662-2667. [PMID: 38530133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
A novel class of alkyne-tethered amides facilitates an unprecedented photoinduced palladium-catalyzed radical relay formal [5 + 2] reaction. This innovative strategy allows for the rapid construction of diverse fused benzoazepine structures, yielding structurally novel and compelling compounds. With a broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance, the methodology synthesizes biologically active compounds. Notably, the resulting tricyclic benzo[b]azepines offer diversification opportunities through simple transformations. DFT calculations elucidate a seven-membered ring closure mechanism involving the alkenyl radical and Pd(I) rebound alongside a concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD) process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jia Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xia-Xin Sheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Lu-Ning Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jia-Ming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Guo-Ying Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
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9
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Sarkar S, Cheung KPS, Gevorgyan V. Recent Advances in Visible Light Induced Palladium Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202311972. [PMID: 37957126 PMCID: PMC10922525 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Visible light-induced Pd catalysis has emerged as a promising subfield of photocatalysis. The hybrid nature of Pd radical species has enabled a wide array of radical-based transformations otherwise challenging or unknown via conventional Pd chemistry. In parallel to the ongoing pursuit of alternative, readily available radical precursors, notable discoveries have demonstrated that photoexcitation can alter not only oxidative addition but also other elementary steps. This Minireview highlights the recent progress in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumon Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - Kelvin Pak Shing Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
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10
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Das KM, Pal A, Surya T L, Roy L, Thakur A. Cu(II) Promoted C(sp 3 )-H Activation in Unactivated Cycloalkanes: Oxo-Alkylation of Styrenes to Synthesize β-Disubstituted Ketones. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303776. [PMID: 38055713 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the Cu(II) catalyzed synthesis of β-disubstituted ketones from styrene via oxo-alkylation with unactivated cycloalkanes as the alkylating agent in presence of tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) and 1-methylimidazole as oxidant and base respectively. β-disubstituted ketones are known to be synthesized by using either expensive Ru/Ir complexes, or low-cost metal complexes (e. g., Fe, Mn) with activated species like aldehyde, acid, alcohol, or phthalimide derivatives as the alkylating agent, however, use of unactivated cycloalkanes directly as the alkylating agent remains challenging. A wide range of aliphatic C-H substrates as well as various olefinic arenes and heteroarene (35 substrates including 14 new substrates) are well-tolerated in this method. Hammett analysis shed more light on the substitution effect in the olefinic part on the overall mechanism. Furthermore, the controlled experiments, kinetic isotope effect study, and theoretical calculations (DFT) enable us to gain deeper insight of mechanistic intricacies of this new simple and atom-economic methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Mohan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Adwitiya Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Lakshmi Surya T
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, IOC Odisha Campus, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751013, India
| | - Lisa Roy
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, IOC Odisha Campus, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751013, India
| | - Arunabha Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
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11
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Sar D, Yin S, Grygus J, Rentería-Gómez Á, Garcia M, Gutierrez O. Expanding the chemical space of enol silyl ethers: catalytic dicarbofunctionalization enabled by iron catalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13007-13013. [PMID: 38023494 PMCID: PMC10664506 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04549h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Enol silyl ethers are versatile, robust, and readily accessible substrates widely used in chemical synthesis. However, the conventional reactivity of these motifs has been limited to classical two electron (2-e) enolate-type chemistry with electrophilic partners or as radical acceptors in one electron (1-e) reactivity leading, in both cases, to exclusive α-monofunctionalization of carbonyls. Herein we describe a mild, fast, and operationally simple one-step protocol that combines readily available fluoroalkyl halides, silyl enol ethers, and, for the first time, hetero(aryl) Grignard reagents to promote selective dicarbofunctionalization of enol silyl ethers. From a broader perspective, this work expands the synthetic utility of enol silyl ethers and establishes bisphosphine-iron catalysis as enabling technology capable of orchestrating selective C-C bond formations with short-lived α-silyloxy radicals with practical implications towards sustainable chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinabandhu Sar
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | - Shuai Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | - Jacob Grygus
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | | | - Melanie Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
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12
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Hu GQ, Zhang WY, Liu YX, Liu JH, Zhao B. Visible Light-Accelerated Palladium-Catalyzed Thiocarbonylation Using Oxalic Acid Monothioester with Aryl/Alkenyl Sulfonium Salts. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14351-14356. [PMID: 37802501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a decarboxylative thiocarbonylation of aryl and alkenyl sulfonium salts with oxalic acid monothioethers (OAMs), which can be achieved by visible light-accelerated palladium catalysis. Sulfonium salts are widely available, and OAM is an easily accessible and stored reagent; this mild reaction method can also be used for the synthesis of different types of thioester compounds. The reaction represents a new application of visible light-accelerated palladium catalysis in catalytic decarboxylative cross-couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qin Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wen-Yan Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yong-Xin Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jing-Hui Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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13
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Lu WD, Zheng Y, Zhang ZP, Chen HB, Chen K, Xiang HY, Yang H. Visible-Light-Induced, Palladium-Mediated Desaturation/Sulfonation Cascade To Access 4-Sulfonyltetrahydropyridine Scaffolds. Org Lett 2023; 25:6077-6081. [PMID: 37550862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a visible-light-induced, palladium-catalyzed desaturation/sulfonation cascade, offering a concise route to a series of highly valuable 4-sulfonyltetrahydropyridine scaffolds from inexpensive and readily available piperidine derivatives with sodium sulfinates. The key to the success of this transformation is the well-designed sequence of palladium-mediated 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer/β-hydride elimination/allylic sulfonation process, which demonstrates the synthetic potentials for orchestrating synthetic events by rationally taking advantage of varied catalytic modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dong Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Peng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi Time Chemical Company, Limited, Fuzhou, Jiangxi 344800, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, People's Republic of China
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14
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Sheng XX, Du YJ, Li JH, Teng QQ, Chen M. Photoinduced Nitrogen-to-Alkyl Radical Relay Heck Reaction of o-Alkylbenzamides with Vinyl Arenes by Palladium Catalysis. Org Lett 2023; 25:3664-3669. [PMID: 37171228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Here, a palladium-catalyzed photoinduced N-to-alkyl radical relay Heck reaction of o-alkylbenzamides at benzylic sites with vinyl arenes is described. The reaction employs neither exogeneous photosensitizers nor external oxidants. It is proposed to proceed via a N-to-alkyl hybrid palladium-radical mechanism which occurs under mild conditions that are compatible with a wide range of functional groups. The products are easily transformed to azepinone derivatives, which are prevalent in pharmaceuticals and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Xin Sheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yu-Jia Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jun-Hua Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 21 Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
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15
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Kostromitin VS, Levin VV, Dilman AD. Dual Photoredox/Copper Catalyzed Fluoroalkylative Alkene Difunctionalization. J Org Chem 2023; 88:6252-6262. [PMID: 37043633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
A method for performing radical difunctionalization of alkenes using fluorinated halides and a nucleophilic component (thiolate and iodide anions) is described. These nucleophilic fragments serve as redox active groups for performing subsequent transformations. The difunctionalization reaction involves photoredox generation of fluorinated radicals, their addition to the double bond followed by copper-promoted C-S or C-I bond formation. The primary products can be further coupled with silyl enol ethers, α-(trifluoromethyl)styrenes, and trimethylsilyl cyanide affording a variety of fluorinated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav S Kostromitin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Russian Federation
| | - Vitalij V Levin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander D Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
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16
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Upreti GC, Singh T, Khanna K, Singh A. Pd-Catalyzed Photochemical Alkylative Functionalization of C═C and C═N Bonds. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4422-4433. [PMID: 36930049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c03028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of excited-state palladium-catalyzed alkylative cyclization of acrylamides and the alkylation of quinoxalinones is described. The application of a variety of primary, secondary, and tertiary unactivated alkyl halides as alkyl radical precursors and the use of a simple catalyst system are the highlights of this reactivity manifold. The reactions exhibit wide scope, occur under mild conditions, and furnish the products in excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tavinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kirti Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anand Singh
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Department of Sustainable Energy Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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17
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Wang C, Azofra LM, Dam P, Espinoza-Suarez EJ, Do HT, Rabeah J, Brückner A, El-Sepelgy O. Photoexcited cobalt catalysed endo-selective alkyl Heck reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3862-3865. [PMID: 36883973 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06967a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report an intramolecular endo-selective Heck reaction of iodomethylsilyl ethers of phenols and alkenols. The reaction leads to the formation of seven- and eight-membered siloxycycles in excellent yields, which could be further converted into the corresponding allylic alcohols upon oxidation. Thus, this method could be used for the selective (Z)-hydroxymethylation of o-hydroxystyrenes and alkenols. Rapid scan EPR experiments and DFT calculations suggest a concerted β-hydrogen elimination event to take place in the triplet state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Wang
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany.
| | - Luis Miguel Azofra
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Campus de Tafira, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35017, Spain
| | - Phong Dam
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany.
| | | | - Hieu Trung Do
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany.
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany.
| | - Angelika Brückner
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany.
| | - Osama El-Sepelgy
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany.
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18
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Pulcinella A, Bonciolini S, Lukas F, Sorato A, Noël T. Photocatalytic Alkylation of C(sp 3 )-H Bonds Using Sulfonylhydrazones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215374. [PMID: 36394188 PMCID: PMC10108173 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The ability to construct C(sp3 )-C(sp3 ) bonds from easily accessible reagents is a crucial, yet challenging endeavor for synthetic organic chemists. Herein, we report the realization of such a cross-coupling reaction, which combines N-sulfonyl hydrazones and C(sp3 )-H donors through a diarylketone-enabled photocatalytic hydrogen atom transfer and a subsequent fragmentation of the obtained alkylated hydrazide. This mild and metal-free protocol was employed to prepare a wide array of alkyl-alkyl cross-coupled products and is tolerant of a variety of functional groups. The application of this chemistry further provides a preparatively useful route to various medicinally-relevant compounds, such as homobenzylic ethers, aryl ethyl amines, β-amino acids and other moieties which are commonly encountered in approved pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pulcinella
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Bonciolini
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Lukas
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Sorato
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Liu Y, Zhong X, Zhang G. Density Functional Theory Study for Exploring the Mechanisms of the [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions between 1- R-3-Phenylpropylidenecyclopropane (R=Me/H) and Furfural Catalyzed by Pd(0). CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202203012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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20
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Abstract
We report the first palladium hydride enabled hydroalkenylation of strained molecules. This new mild protocol proceeds via a regio- and chemoselective hydropalladation step, followed by a photoinduced radical alkyl Heck reaction. This methodology represents a new reactivity mode for strained molecules and opens new avenues for photoinduced palladium catalysis. The reaction is compatible with a wide range of functional groups and can be applied to complex structures, delivering a diverse array of highly valuable and modifiable alkenylated cyclobutanes and cyclopropanes. A hydroalkenylation/diastereoselective rearrangement cascade toward a cyclopentene scaffold has also been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
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21
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Polimera SR, Ilangovan A, Meanwell NA, Subbaiah MAM. Synthetic Access to α-Oxoketene Aminals by the Nucleophilic Addition of Enol Silane-Derived Palladium(II) Enolates to Carbodiimides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14778-14792. [PMID: 36285601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetically important α-oxoketene aminal intermediates can now be accessed from readily available and inexpensive carbodiimides as starting materials via the nucleophilic addition of palladium enolates derived from enol silane precursors. This operationally simple method features mild reaction conditions, including open air atmosphere, ligand-free metal catalysis, broad substrate scope, and multi-gram scalability. Select synthetic applications that take advantage of the enamine character of α-oxoketene aminals and involve C-nucleophilic additions to electrophilic systems, including an α,β-unsaturated ester, an azo dicarboxylate, an aralkyl halide, and an aldehyde, are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subba Rao Polimera
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560099, India.,Department of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Palkalaiperur, Thiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India
| | - Andivelu Ilangovan
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Palkalaiperur, Thiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Department of Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Murugaiah A M Subbaiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560099, India
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22
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Tran GN, Bouley BS, Mirica LM. Isolation and Characterization of Heteroleptic Mononuclear Palladium(I) Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20008-20015. [PMID: 36257056 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic transformations involving Pd(0)/Pd(II) catalytic cycles are very well known, and processes involving high-valent Pd(III) and Pd(IV) and low-valent Pd(I) intermediates have also gained interest in recent years. Although low-valent Pd(I) intermediates are proposed in these catalytic cycles, isolated and characterized mononuclear Pd(I) species are very rare. Herein, we report the isolation of two heteroleptic mononuclear Pd(I) complexes stabilized by dithiapyridinophane ligands that were fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction; EPR, IR, UV-vis spectroscopies; and computational studies. Excitingly, one of these Pd(I) complexes shows Kumada Csp3-Csp2 cross-coupling competency, and initial studies of the other shows direct evidence for Csp3-H bond activation proposed to occur at the Pd(I) center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang N Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Bailey S Bouley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Liviu M Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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23
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Yang S, Fan H, Xie L, Dong G, Chen M. Photoinduced Desaturation of Amides by Palladium Catalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:6460-6465. [PMID: 36040045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A photoinduced palladium-catalyzed desaturation method that is suitable for converting the linear amides to their α,β-unsaturated counterparts is reported. The reaction does not require strong base/acid or sulfur/selenium and oxidant reagents and can be carried out at room temperature through a simple one-step operation. The protocol exhibits great scalability and functional group tolerance. The reaction mechanism has been investigated through deuterium labeling experiments, radical clock, radical capture, and kinetic studies. Mechanistic studies suggested a radical pathway involving aryl/alkyl Pd-radical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Huike Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Licheng Xie
- Huaide College, Changzhou University, Jingjiang 214513, China
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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24
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Pei C, Yang Z, Koenigs RM. Photochemical palladium-catalyzed methylation and alkylation reactions in cascade reactions of isonitriles. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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25
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Zheng Y, Lu W, Xie Z, Chen K, Xiang H, Yang H. Visible-Light-Induced, Palladium-Catalyzed Annulation of 1,3-Dienes to Construct Vinyl N-Heterocycles. Org Lett 2022; 24:5407-5411. [PMID: 35848222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a photoinduced palladium-catalyzed annulation of 1,3-dienes with bifunctional halognated alkylamines has been developed, offering a facile route to access a broad range of vinylpyrrolidines. The reactivity profile of this protocol was able to be readily manipulated to assemble vinylpyrrolidine and vinlysilaazacycle. Remarkably, the utility of this strategy was further illustrated in the construction of complex and biologically important molecules as well as the diversity-oriented transformations of the resulting product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Haoyue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
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26
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Kvasovs N, Gevorgyan V. Accessing Illusive E Isomers of α-Ester Hydrazones via Visible-Light-Induced Pd-Catalyzed Heck-Type Alkylation. Org Lett 2022; 24:4176-4181. [PMID: 35653178 PMCID: PMC10122867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced Pd-catalyzed stereoselective synthesis of alkylated ester hydrazones has been developed. This method operates via generation of a nucleophilic carbon-centered radical from alkyl bromide, iodide, or redox-active ester, followed by its addition to hydrazone, and a subsequent desaturation by palladium. The majority of products have E configuration, which are inaccessible by conventional condensation methods. In addition, a sequential C,N-alkylation protocol has been developed: a reaction between 1,3-dihalides and glyoxylate-derived hydrazone, delivering tetrahydropyridazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Kvasovs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
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27
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Zhang J, Zhao X, Cai C. The crystal structure of N-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzamide, C 14H 19NO 3. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2022-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C14H19NO3, monoclinic, Cc (no. 9), a = 11.1235(5) Å, b = 15.3724(5) Å, c = 8.1110(3) Å, β = 109.3980(10)°, V = 1308.21(9) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0300, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.0703, T = 170 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiao Zhang
- College of Food and Medicine, Luoyang Normal University , Luoyang , China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhao
- College of Food and Medicine, Luoyang Normal University , Luoyang , China
| | - Chenyu Cai
- College of Food and Medicine, Luoyang Normal University , Luoyang , China
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28
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29
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Cao H, Ma S, Feng Y, Guo Y, Jiao P. Synthesis of β-nitro ketones from geminal bromonitroalkanes and silyl enol ethers by visible light photoredox catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1780-1783. [PMID: 35037921 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06529g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Various β-nitro ketones, including those bearing a β-tertiary carbon, were prepared from geminal bromonitroalkanes and trimethylsilyl enol ethers of a broad range of ketones by visible light photoredox catalysis, which were then easily converted into β-amino ketones, 1,3-amino alcohols, α,β-unsaturated ketones, β-cyano ketones and γ-nitro ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoying Cao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, P. R. China.
| | - Shanshan Ma
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, P. R. China.
| | - Yanhong Feng
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, P. R. China.
| | - Yawen Guo
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Jiao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, P. R. China.
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30
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Chen S, Van Meervelt L, Van der Eycken EV, Sharma UK. Visible-Light-Driven Palladium-Catalyzed Radical Tandem Dearomatization of Indoles with Unactivated Alkenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:1213-1218. [PMID: 35107015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A mild visible-light-driven palladium-catalyzed radical tandem dearomatization of indoles with unactivated alkenes is described with moderate to good yields and good to excellent diastereoselectivities. Under visible-light irradiation, the photoexcited state of the palladium complex was formed, which could transfer a single electron to N-(2-bromobenzoyl)indoles, leading to a hybrid palladium radical chemistry. This provides efficient and atom-economical access to diverse 2,3-disubstituted indoline derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Chen
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Meervelt
- Biomolecular Architecture, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik V Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.,People's Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Street 6, RU-117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Upendra K Sharma
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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31
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Abstract
In recent years, visible light-induced transition metal catalysis has emerged as a new paradigm in organic photocatalysis, which has led to the discovery of unprecedented transformations as well as the improvement of known reactions. In this subfield of photocatalysis, a transition metal complex serves a double duty by harvesting photon energy and then enabling bond forming/breaking events mostly via a single catalytic cycle, thus contrasting the established dual photocatalysis in which an exogenous photosensitizer is employed. In addition, this approach often synergistically combines catalyst-substrate interaction with photoinduced process, a feature that is uncommon in conventional photoredox chemistry. This Review describes the early development and recent advances of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Pak Shing Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Sumon Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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32
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Cabré A, Verdaguer X, Riera A. Recent Advances in the Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Amines via Transition Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation. Chem Rev 2022; 122:269-339. [PMID: 34677059 PMCID: PMC9998038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chiral amines are key structural motifs present in a wide variety of natural products, drugs, and other biologically active compounds. During the past decade, significant advances have been made with respect to the enantioselective synthesis of chiral amines, many of them based on catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation (AH). The present review covers the use of AH in the synthesis of chiral amines bearing a stereogenic center either in the α, β, or γ position with respect to the nitrogen atom, reported from 2010 to 2020. Therefore, we provide an overview of the recent advances in the AH of imines, enamides, enamines, allyl amines, and N-heteroaromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Cabré
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, Universitat
de Barcelona, Martí
i Franquès 1, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Xavier Verdaguer
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, Universitat
de Barcelona, Martí
i Franquès 1, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Antoni Riera
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, Universitat
de Barcelona, Martí
i Franquès 1, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M. Chernyshev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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34
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Zhang Z, Kvasovs N, Dubrovina A, Gevorgyan V. Visible Light Induced Brønsted Acid Assisted Pd‐Catalyzed Alkyl Heck Reaction of Diazo Compounds and
N
‐Tosylhydrazones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Nikita Kvasovs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Anastasiia Dubrovina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Rd Richardson TX 75080 USA
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35
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Zhang Z, Kvasovs N, Dubrovina A, Gevorgyan V. Visible Light Induced Brønsted Acid Assisted Pd-Catalyzed Alkyl Heck Reaction of Diazo Compounds and N-Tosylhydrazones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202110924. [PMID: 34706124 PMCID: PMC8712420 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A mild visible light-induced palladium-catalyzed alkyl Heck reaction of diazo compounds and N-tosylhydrazones is reported. A broad range of vinyl arenes and heteroarenes with high functional group tolerance, as well as a range of different diazo compounds, can efficiently undergo this transformation. This method features Brønsted acid-assisted generation of hybrid palladium C(sp3 )-centered radical intermediate, which allowed for new selective C-H functionalization protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Nikita Kvasovs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Anastasiia Dubrovina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
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36
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Kancherla R, Muralirajan K, Rueping M. Excited-state palladium-catalysed reductive alkylation of imines: scope and mechanism. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8583-8589. [PMID: 35974758 PMCID: PMC9337745 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02363f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Palladium catalysis induced by visible-light irradiation is a promising tool for promoting unusual chemical reactivity. Here, the hybrid alkyl radical/Pd(i) species generated is used to promote the reductive alkylation of imines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kancherla
- KAUST Catalysis Center, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishnamoorthy Muralirajan
- KAUST Catalysis Center, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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37
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Cheng J, Zhang H, Lv J, Zheng J. Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Dicarbofunctionalization of Unactivated Alkenes: Synthesis of Fluoroalkylated Heterocycles with All‐Carbon Quaternary Centers. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University 2 Xueyuan Road Fuzhou 350116 People's Republic of China
| | - Huali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University 2 Xueyuan Road Fuzhou 350116 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinliang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University 2 Xueyuan Road Fuzhou 350116 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University 2 Xueyuan Road Fuzhou 350116 People's Republic of China
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38
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Chvojka T, Markos A, Voltrová S, Pohl R, Beier P. Ligand-dependent stereoselective Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of β-enamido triflates. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2657-2662. [PMID: 34795803 PMCID: PMC8561141 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The stereoselective Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of (Z)-β-enamido triflates is demonstrated. Depending on the nature of the ligand in the palladium catalyst, either retention or inversion of the configuration during the synthesis of β,β-diaryl-substituted enamides is observed. Thus, the method provides synthetic access to both isomers of the target enamides from (Z)-β-enamido triflates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Chvojka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Athanasios Markos
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Svatava Voltrová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Beier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
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39
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Polimera SR, A M Subbaiah M, Ilangovan A. The Ligand Free Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Regioselective 1,2-Addition of Enol Silanes to Quinones to Access 4-Hydroxy-4-(2-oxo-2-arylethyl)cyclohexadien-1-ones and Synthetic Applications. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14356-14370. [PMID: 34554740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the conventional 1,4-addition process, regioselective 1,2-addition of silyl enol ethers to quinones can now be achieved via a palladium(II) enolate pathway that provides access to 4-hydroxy-4-(2-oxo-2-arylethyl)cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one derivatives. This quinone alkylation protocol proceeds under mild reaction conditions at ambient temperature under open air and does not require either an external ligand for the palladium or the use of a base. Additionally, the cyclohexadienone products have been exploited as synthetic precursors for the construction of fused heteroaryl systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subba Rao Polimera
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BBRC, Syngene, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560009, India.,Department of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Palkalaiperur, Thiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India
| | - Murugaiah A M Subbaiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BBRC, Syngene, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560009, India
| | - Andivelu Ilangovan
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Palkalaiperur, Thiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India
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40
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Jia X, Zhang Z, Gevorgyan V. Three-Component Visible-Light-Induced Palladium-Catalyzed 1,2-Alkyl Carbamoylation/Cyanation of Alkenes. ACS Catal 2021; 11:13217-13222. [PMID: 35450399 PMCID: PMC9017990 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A mild visible-light-induced Pd-catalyzed one-pot three-component alkyl-carbamoylation and cyanation of alkenes was developed. This general transformation, which proceeds via the in situ formation of a reactive ketenimine intermediate, allows for a rapid construction of a broad range of valuable amides and nitriles from readily available alkenes, alkyl iodides, and isocyanides. An efficient synthesis of tetrazole and amidine via this approach was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqing Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
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41
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Muralirajan K, Kancherla R, Gimnkhan A, Rueping M. Unactivated Alkyl Chloride Reactivity in Excited-State Palladium Catalysis. Org Lett 2021; 23:6905-6910. [PMID: 34432470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Excited-state palladium catalysis is an efficient process for the alkylation of diverse organic compounds via the generation of alkyl radicals from alkyl bromides and iodides. However, the generation of alkyl radicals from more stable alkyl chlorides remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the excited-state palladium-catalyzed synthesis of oxindoles and isoquinolinediones via alkylation/annulation reaction by overcoming inherent limitations associated with unactivated C(sp3)-Cl bond activation at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthy Muralirajan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Kancherla
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aidana Gimnkhan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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42
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Luo YC, Tong FF, Zhang Y, He CY, Zhang X. Visible-Light-Induced Palladium-Catalyzed Selective Defluoroarylation of Trifluoromethylarenes with Arylboronic Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13971-13979. [PMID: 34411483 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Selective functionalization of inactive C(sp3)-F bonds to prepare medicinally interesting aryldifluoromethylated compounds remains challenging. One promising route is the transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling through oxidative addition of the C(sp3)-F bond in trifluoromethylarenes (ArCF3), which are ideal precursors for this process due to their ready availability and low cost. Here, we report an unprecedented excited-state palladium catalysis strategy for selective defluoroarylation of trifluoromethylarenes with arylboronic acids. This visible-light-induced palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling proceeds under mild reaction conditions and allows transformation of a variety of arylboronic acids and ArCF3. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that the oxidative addition of the C(sp3)-F bond in ArCF3 to excited-state palladium(0) via a single electron transfer pathway is responsible for the C(sp3)-F bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Cheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fei-Fei Tong
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chun-Yang He
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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43
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Liu J, Bollmeyer MM, Kim Y, Xiao D, MacMillan SN, Chen Q, Leng X, Kim SH, Zhao L, Lancaster KM, Deng L. An Isolable Mononuclear Palladium(I) Amido Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10751-10759. [PMID: 34232039 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mononuclear Pd(I) species are putative intermediates in Pd-catalyzed reactions, but our knowledge about them is limited due to difficulties in accessing them. Herein, we report the isolation of a Pd(I) amido complex, [(BINAP)Pd(NHArTrip)] (BINAP = 2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthalene, ArTrip = 2,6-bis(2',4',6'-triisopropylphenyl)phenyl), from the reaction of (BINAP)PdCl2 with LiNHArTrip. This Pd(I) amido species has been characterized by X-ray crystallography, electron paramagnetic resonance, and multiedge Pd X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Theoretical study revealed that, while the three-electron-two-center π-interaction between Pd and N in the Pd(I) complex imposes severe Pauli repulsion in its Pd-N bond, pronounced attractive interligand dispersion force aids its stabilization. In accord with its electronic features, reactions of homolytic Pd-N bond cleavage and deprotonation of primary amines are observed on the Pd(I) amido complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Melissa M Bollmeyer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yujeong Kim
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dengmengfei Xiao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Samantha N MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sun Hee Kim
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kyle M Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Liang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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44
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Li Y, Liu H, Huang Z, He Y, Xu BH, Wang H, Yu Z. Visible-Light-Driven, Palladium-Catalyzed Heck Reaction of Internal Vinyl Bromides with Styrenes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8402-8413. [PMID: 34043916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized 1,3-dienes were efficiently accessed from visible-light-driven, palladium-catalyzed Heck reaction of S,S-functionalized internal vinyl bromides with styrenes under mild conditions. This Heck reaction showcased tolerance of a wide array of functional groups, afforded the target products in moderate to excellent yields through a radical reaction pathway. The resultant diene products could be further transformed to highly functionalized trisubstituted furan derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, P. R. China
| | - Zilong Huang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuan He
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Hua Xu
- Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, P. R. China
| | - Zhengkun Yu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.,Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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45
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Lupidi G, Palmieri A, Petrini M. Enantioselective Catalyzed Synthesis of Amino Derivatives Using Electrophilic Open‐Chain
N
‐Activated Ketimines. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Lupidi
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division Università di Camerino via S.Agostino, 1 I-62032 Camerino Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmieri
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division Università di Camerino via S.Agostino, 1 I-62032 Camerino Italy
| | - Marino Petrini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division Università di Camerino via S.Agostino, 1 I-62032 Camerino Italy
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46
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Kvasovs N, Iziumchenko V, Palchykov V, Gevorgyan V. Visible Light-Induced Pd-Catalyzed Alkyl-Heck Reaction of Oximes. ACS Catal 2021; 11:3749-3754. [PMID: 34422448 PMCID: PMC8372551 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A visible light-induced palladium-catalyzed oxidative C-H alkylation of oximes has been developed. This mild protocol allows for an efficient atom economical C-C bond construction of alkyl-substituted oximes. A broad range of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl bromides and iodides, as well as a range of different formaldoximes, can efficiently undergo this transformation. The method features visible light-induced generation of nucleophilic hybrid alkyl Pd radical intermediates, which upon radical addition at the imine moiety and a subsequent β-hydrogen elimination deliver substituted imines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Kvasovs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Valeriia Iziumchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Vitalii Palchykov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-3021, United States
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47
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Lee GS, Kim D, Hong SH. Pd-catalyzed formal Mizoroki-Heck coupling of unactivated alkyl chlorides. Nat Commun 2021; 12:991. [PMID: 33579940 PMCID: PMC7881129 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of alkyl chlorides in Pd-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck coupling reactions remains an unsolved problem despite their significant potential for synthetic utility and applicability. The combination of the high thermodynamic barrier of alkyl chloride activation and kinetic propensity of alkylpalladium complexes to undergo undesired β-hydride elimination provides significant challenges. Herein, a variety of alkyl chlorides, even tertiary chlorides, are shown to efficiently participate in Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reactions with excellent functional group compatibility under mild reaction conditions via photoinduced Pd catalysis. The reaction is applied to late-stage functionalizations of diverse biologically significant scaffolds and iterative double Mizoroki-Heck annulations, affording high molecular complexity in a single step. Notably, studies on the kinetic isotope effects in combination with density functional theory (DFT)-computations completely exclude the involvement of a previously proposed β-hydride elimination in the catalytic cycle, revealing that the chlorine atom transfer process is the key catalytic turnover step. This distinctive single-electron transfer mediated reaction pathway resolves a longstanding challenge in traditional two-electron based Pd-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling with alkyl electrophiles, wherein the β-hydride elimination is involved in the formation of both the desired product and undesired by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun Seok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Hyeok Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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48
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Cheng Y, Yu S, He Y, An G, Li G, Yang Z. C4-arylation and domino C4-arylation/3,2-carbonyl migration of indoles by tuning Pd catalytic modes: Pd(i)-Pd(ii) catalysis vs. Pd(ii) catalysis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3216-3225. [PMID: 34164090 PMCID: PMC8179361 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05409g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient C4-arylation and domino C4-arylation/3,2-carbonyl migration of indoles have been developed. The former route enables C4-arylation in a highly efficient and mild manner and the latter route provides an alternative straightforward protocol for synthesis of C2/C4 disubstituted indoles. The mechanism studies imply that the different reaction pathways were tuned by the distinct acid additives, which led to either the Pd(i)-Pd(ii) pathway or Pd(ii) catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University No. 74, Xuefu Road, Nangang District Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University No. 74, Xuefu Road, Nangang District Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University No. 74, Xuefu Road, Nangang District Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui An
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University No. 74, Xuefu Road, Nangang District Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University No. 74, Xuefu Road, Nangang District Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering, Taizhou University 1139 Shifu Avenue Taizhou 318000 China
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49
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Liu C, Shen N, Shang R. Photocatalytic decarboxylative alkylation of silyl enol ether and enamide with N-(acyloxy)phthalimide using ammonium iodide. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00648g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Under visible light, a catalytic amount of ammonium iodide promotes the decarboxylative alkylation of silyl enol ether and enamide with aliphatic N-(acyloxy)phthalimide through the photoactivation of a transiently assembled chromophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- China
| | - Ni Shen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- China
| | - Rui Shang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- China
- Department of Chemistry
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50
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Cannalire R, Pelliccia S, Sancineto L, Novellino E, Tron GC, Giustiniano M. Visible light photocatalysis in the late-stage functionalization of pharmaceutically relevant compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 50:766-897. [PMID: 33350402 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00493f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The late stage functionalization (LSF) of complex biorelevant compounds is a powerful tool to speed up the identification of structure-activity relationships (SARs) and to optimize ADME profiles. To this end, visible-light photocatalysis offers unique opportunities to achieve smooth and clean functionalization of drugs by unlocking site-specific reactivities under generally mild reaction conditions. This review offers a critical assessment of current literature, pointing out the recent developments in the field while emphasizing the expected future progress and potential applications. Along with paragraphs discussing the visible-light photocatalytic synthetic protocols so far available for LSF of drugs and drug candidates, useful and readily accessible synoptic tables of such transformations, divided by functional groups, will be provided, thus enabling a useful, fast, and easy reference to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Cannalire
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy.
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