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Máximo-Canadas M, Borges I. Absorption spectra of p-nitroaniline derivatives: charge transfer effects and the role of substituents. J Mol Model 2024; 30:120. [PMID: 38564015 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05917-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Push-pull compounds are model systems and have numerous applications. By changing their substituents, properties are modified and new molecules for different applications can be designed. The work investigates the gas-phase electronic absorption spectra of 15 derivatives of push-pull para-nitroaniline (pNA). This molecule has applications in pharmaceuticals, azo dyes, corrosion inhibitors, and optoelectronics. Both electron-donor and electron-withdrawing groups were investigated. Employing machine learning-derived Hammett's constants σm, σm0, σR, and σI, correlations between substituents and electronic properties were obtained. Overall, the σm0 constants presented the best correlation with HOMO and LUMO energies, whereas the σR constants best agreed with the transition energy of the first band and HOMO-LUMO energy gap. Electron-donors, which have lower σR values, redshift the absorption spectrum and reduce the HOMO-LUMO energy gap. Conversely, electron-withdrawing groups (higher σR's) blueshift the spectrum and increase the energy gap. The second band maximum energies, studied here for the first time, showed no correlation with σ but tended to increase with σ. A comprehensive charge transfer (CT) analysis of the main transition of all systems was also carried out. We found that donors (lower σ's) slightly enhance the CT character of the unsubstituted pNA, whereas acceptors (higher σ's) decrease it, leading to increased local excitations within the aromatic ring. The overall CT variation is not large, except for pNA-SO2H, which considerably decreases the total CT value. We found that the strong electron donors pNA-OH, pNA-OCH3, and pNA-NH2, which have the smallest HOMO-LUMO energy gaps and lowest σ's, have potential for optoelectronic applications. The results show that none of the studied molecules is fluorescent in the gas phase. However, pNA-NH2 and pNA-COOH in cyclohexane and water reveal fluorescence upon solvation. METHODS We investigated theoretically employing the second-order algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC(2)) ab initio wave function and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) the gas-phase electronic absorption spectra of 15 derivatives of p-nitroaniline (pNA). The investigated substituents include both electron-donor (C6H5, CCH, CH3, NH2, OCH3, and OH,) and electron-withdrawing (Br, CCl3, CF3, Cl, CN, COOH, F, NO2, and SO2H) substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Máximo-Canadas
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME), Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-270, Brazil
| | - Itamar Borges
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME), Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-270, Brazil.
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Khalil K, Shahnaz, Ludwig R, Tighezza AM, Ayub K, Mahmood T, Gilani MA. Unraveling the role of superalkalis in modulating the static and dynamic hyperpolarizabilities of emerging calix[4]arenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6794-6805. [PMID: 38323625 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04825j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Calixarenes, as novel organic materials, can play a pivotal role in the development of high-performance nonlinear optical materials due to the ease of design and fabrication. In this study, DFT simulations were employed to investigate the geometric, electronic, and NLO responses of calix[4]arene doped with Li3O, Na3O, and K3O superalkalis. The computed values of the vertical ionization energies and interaction energies indicate the chemical and thermodynamic stabilities of the targeted M3O@calix[4]arene complexes. The corresponding energy gaps (2.01 to 3.49 eV) are notably reduced, indicating the semiconductor nature of the materials. Surprisingly, the M3O@calix[4]arene complexes exhibit transparency in the UV/visible range as the absorption peaks are shifted in the near infrared (NIR) region. The highest values of 5.9 × 105 a.u. and 2.3 × 108 a.u. for the respective first and second hyperpolarizabilities are observed for Na3O@calix[4]arene. Furthermore, the Na3O@calix[4]arene complex exhibits maximum values of 2.3 × 105 a.u. for second harmonic generation (SHG) and (K3O@calix[4]arene) 2.3 × 106 a.u. for the electro-optical Pockels effect (EOPE) at 1064 nm. Similarly, approximations are made for the dynamic second hyperpolarizability coefficients (EOKE and EFISHG) at different wavelengths. Notably, the Na3O@calix[4]arene complex demonstrates the highest quadratic nonlinear refractive index (n2) of 9.5 × 10-15 cm2 W-1 at 1064 nm. This research paves the way for the development of stable calix[4]arenes doped with superalkalis, leading to an improved nonlinear optical (NLO) response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalida Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Shahnaz
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ralf Ludwig
- University of Rostock, Institute of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Albert-Einstein-Straße 27, Rostock 18059, Germany
- University of Rostock, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, Department Science and Technology of Life, Light and Matter, Rostock 18059, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Rostock 18059, Germany
| | - Ammar M Tighezza
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir P. O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Mazhar Amjad Gilani
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
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Wang L, Liu YL, Li QJ, He D, Chen SH, Wang MS. Effect of intermolecular interaction of the charge-transfer complex between molecular "tweezers" and C 60/C 70 on second-order nonlinear optical properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:8799-8808. [PMID: 36912257 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00020f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
To enhance understanding of the correlation between the intermolecular interaction and second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, we studied a "molecular tweezer" with two corannulene substituents linked by a tetrahydro[5]helicene imide, which enabled highly sensitive and selective complexation of C60/C70 through convex-concave π-π interactions. The geometric structure, molecular orbitals, intermolecular interactions, electron absorption spectra and second-order NLO properties of the charge-transfer (CT) complexes formed by molecular tweezers and C60/C70 were studied by density functional theory. Larger fullerenes helped to increase the intermolecular interaction and CT, thereby increasing the first hyperpolarizabilities of CT complexes. Embedding of lithium ions helped to enhance the electron-absorption ability of fullerenes, thereby increasing the intermolecular interaction and intermolecular CT and, thus, enhancing their first hyperpolarizability significantly. Our data indicated that, through structure adjustment (including increasing the volume of fullerene and embedding alkali metal ions), we could enhance intermolecular interactions and improve intermolecular CT significantly. These actions could improve the second-order NLO properties of CT complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China.
| | - Yan-Li Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China.
| | - Quan-Jiang Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China.
| | - Di He
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China.
| | - Sheng-Hui Chen
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China.
| | - Mei-Shan Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China.
- School of Integrated Circuits, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
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Bang J, Park J. The role of molecular oxygen (O2) and UV light in the anion radical formation and stability of TCNQ and its fluorinated derivatives. J Anal Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-022-00364-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractWe report the electronic absorption spectroscopy of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and its fluorinated derivatives (F2TCNQ and F4TCNQ), well-known electron-accepting molecules in common organic solvents (toluene, chlorobenzene, acetonitrile, and ethanol) under controlled exposure to air (O2) and UV light. All compounds (FxTCNQ (x = 0, 2, 4)) were stable in a neutral state (FxTCNQ0) in toluene and chlorobenzene, even under both O2 and UV light. On the other hand, in EtOH, the formation of FxTCNQ·− was monitored upon controlled exposure to O2 or UV light. Especially in air-equilibrated ethanol upon the UV-illumination, efficient α,α-dicyano-p-toluoylcyanide anion (DCTC−) and its fluorinated derivatives were generated evinced by the absorption peak near 480 nm, whereas the reaction was shut off by removing O2 or blocking UV light, thereby keeping FxTCNQ·− stable. However, even in deaerated ethanol, upon the UV-illumination, the anion formation of TCNQ and its fluorinated derivatives (FxTCNQ·−, x = 0, 2, 4) was inevitable, showing the stability of FxTCNQ0 depends on the choice of solvent.
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Wang L, Liu YL, Wang MS. The organic co-crystals formed using naphthalenediimide-based triangular macrocycles and coronene: intermolecular charge transfers and nonlinear optical properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:29747-29756. [PMID: 36458524 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03236h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Formation of organic co-crystals is an effective strategy to synthesize near infrared emission and nonlinear optical (NLO) materials, which often show "1 + 1 > 2" performance. Moreover, the crystallization process can be effectively regulated through supramolecular interactions; thus the properties of co-crystal materials can also be flexibly regulated. Here, in order to further understand the nature and formation mechanism of co-crystals from the perspective of theoretical research, we studied the structures, intermolecular interactions, absorption spectra, charge transfer (CT) characteristics and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the newly synthesized organic co-crystals formed between naphthalenediimide based triangles (NDI, acceptor) and coronene (COR, donor). According to the analysis of decomposition of intermolecular interaction energy, dispersion energy played a major role, so the co-crystal properties can be regulated by regulating the intermolecular dispersion energy. More importantly, the formation of co-crystals NDI-COR and NDI-2COR reduced the Egap values with respect to those of their components. And there was significant intermolecular CT from COR to NDI and the degree of CT in NDI-COR was larger than that in NDI-2COR, so that the αtot and γtot values of NDI-COR and NDI-2COR were significantly greater than those of their components. Thus, the NLO properties of organic co-crystals can be further improved by enhancing the electron-donating ability of the donor and the electron-withdrawing ability of the acceptor to enhance the degree of intermolecular interaction energy and CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China.
| | - Yan-Li Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China.
| | - Mei-Shan Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China. .,School of Integrated Circuits, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
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Li Z, Jin W, Zhang F, Yang Z, Pan S. Exploring Short-Wavelength Phase-Matching Nonlinear Optical Crystals by Employing KBe 2BO 3F 2 as the Template. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:1557-1564. [PMID: 36439311 PMCID: PMC9686211 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Exploration of nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals that are competent in generating short-wavelength ultraviolet (UV, λ ≤ 266 nm, and even deep-UV, λ ≤ 200 nm) coherent light output by direct second harmonic generation (SHG) remains a formidable challenge. Herein, four UV/deep-UV NLO crystals, M2B4SO10 (M = K, Rb, and Cs) and Rb3B11PO19F3, were successfully synthesized by evolving the KBe2BO3F2 (KBBF) structure into mixed-anionic borosulfate and fluoroborophosphate systems. They display functional [B4SO10]∞ or [B11PO19F3]∞ KBBF-type layers that are composed of [BO3], [BO4], and [SO4] groups or [BO3], [BO4], [BO3F], and [PO4] groups, respectively. Experimental characterization and numerical computation results indicate that these crystals possess exceptional NLO performance, including large SHG responses (0.9-1.7 × KDP at 1064 nm and 0.1-0.3 × β-BBO at 532 nm) and adequate birefringence to fulfill the SHG phase-matching (PM) condition at 266 nm. In particular, the shortest type-I PM wavelength (λPM) of Rb3B11PO19F3 reaches 180 nm, which implies that Rb3B11PO19F3 can become a prospective deep-UV NLO crystal. In addition, single crystals of K2B4SO10, Rb2B4SO10, and Cs2B4SO10 are easily obtained by the high-temperature solution approach. This work will facilitate the discovery of short-wavelength PM NLO crystals by using the KBBF structure as the template.
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West AK, Kaylor LJ, Subir M, Rayat S. Synthesis, photophysical and nonlinear optical properties of push-pull tetrazoles. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22331-22341. [PMID: 36043072 PMCID: PMC9364896 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04307f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A 2,5-disubstituted tetrazole with p-nitrophenyl and 3-pyridyl units as acceptors (1a), and three push–pull tetrazoles with p-nitrophenyl as an acceptor and phenyl (1b), 2-(dibenzo[b,d]furan-4-yl) (1c), and 4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl (1d) as donor groups, were synthesized by copper-catalyzed aerobic C–N coupling of p-nitrophenyl tetrazole with appropriately substituted aryl boronic acids. The absorption and emission spectra of 1a–c showed minimal dependence on the polarity of the solvent; however, in the case of 1d a blue shift was noted in the longest absorption band (λ1) as the polarity increased. The fluorescence intensity of the title compounds was found to be solvent-dependent; however, no apparent correlation to solvent polarity could be established. The absorption and emission characteristics of 1a–d were also influenced by the nature of the substituent as 1d, bearing a strong electron donating 4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl group, displayed a significant red shifted absorption (λ1) as well as emission (λem) bands compared to other compounds. Time dependent density functional calculations (CAM-B3LYP/6-311++G**) revealed that the longest wavelength band (λ1) is associated with an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from HOMO/HOMO-1/HOMO-2 → LUMO/LUMO+1 in these molecules. The first hyperpolarizability values, βHRS, of 1a–d were measured using the solution-based hyper-Rayleigh scattering technique using a femtosecond Ti:Sapphire laser and the highest NLO activity was measured for 1d with the greatest push–pull characteristics. A strong correlation was observed between the calculated hyperpolarizability (βtot) and experimentally measured values (βHRS). A 2,5-disubstituted tetrazole with a p-nitrophenyl unit as an acceptor and a 4-(N,N-diphenylamino) phenyl group as a donor exhibits strong push–pull characteristics and displays high NLO activity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Kay West
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Foundational Sciences Building Muncie IN 47306 USA
| | - Lukas J Kaylor
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Foundational Sciences Building Muncie IN 47306 USA
| | - Mahamud Subir
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Foundational Sciences Building Muncie IN 47306 USA
| | - Sundeep Rayat
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Foundational Sciences Building Muncie IN 47306 USA
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Pant D, Darla N, Sitha S. Roles of various bridges on intramolecular charge Transfers, dipole moments and first hyperpolarizabilities of Donor-Bridge-Acceptor types of organic Chromophores: Theoretical assessment using Two-State model. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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Morisue M, Ohno N, Saito G, Kawanishi M. Trimethylsilanolate-Promoted Activation of Alkynyl Trimethylsilanes: Hiyama-Type Sonogashira Cross-Coupling for the Synthesis of Arylene–Ethynylene-Linked Porphyrin Arrays. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3123-3134. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiko Morisue
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Nanase Ohno
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Genki Saito
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Miho Kawanishi
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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Julliard PG, Pascal S, Siri O, Cortés-Arriagada D, Sanhueza L, Canard G. Functionalized porphyrins from meso-poly-halogeno-alkyl-dipyrromethanes: synthesis and characterization. CR CHIM 2021. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Nayak A, Park J, De Mey K, Hu X, Beratan DN, Clays K, Therien MJ. Excited-State Dynamics and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Hyperpolarizable Chromophores Based on Conjugated Bis(terpyridyl)Ru(II) and Palladium and Platinum Porphyrinic Components: Impact of Heavy Metals upon Supermolecular Electro-Optic Properties. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15404-15412. [PMID: 34585577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new series of strongly coupled oscillators based upon (porphinato)Pd, (porphinato)Pt, and bis(terpyridyl)ruthenium(II) building blocks is described. These RuPPd, RuPPt, RuPPdRu, and RuPPtRu chromophores feature bis(terpyridyl)Ru(II) moieties connected to the (porphinato)metal unit via an ethyne linker that bridges the 4'-terpyridyl and porphyrin macrocycle meso-carbon positions. Pump-probe transient optical data demonstrate sub-picosecond excited singlet-to-triplet-state relaxation. The relaxed lowest-energy triplet (T1) excited states of these chromophores feature absorption manifolds that span the 800-1200 nm spectral region, microsecond triplet-state lifetimes, and large absorptive extinction coefficients [ε(T1 → Tn) > 4 × 104 M-1 cm-1]. Dynamic hyperpolarizability (βλ) values were determined from hyper-Rayleigh light scattering (HRS) measurements carried out at several incident irradiation wavelengths over the 800-1500 nm spectral region. Relative to benchmark RuPZn and RuPZnRu chromophores which showed large βHRS values over the 1200-1600 nm range, RuPPd, RuPPt, RuPPdRu, and RuPPtRu displayed large βHRS values over the 850-1200 nm region. Generalized Thomas-Kuhn sum (TKS) rules and experimental hyperpolarizability values were utilized to determine excited state-to-excited state transition dipole terms from experimental electronic absorption data and thus assessed frequency-dependent βλ values, including two- and three-level contributions for both βzzz and βxzx tensor components to the RuPPd, RuPPt, RuPPdRu, and RuPPtRu hyperpolarizability spectra. These analyses qualitatively rationalize how the βzzz and βxzx tensor elements influence the observed irradiation wavelength-dependent hyperpolarizability magnitudes. The TKS analysis suggests that supermolecules related to RuPPd, RuPPt, RuPPdRu, and RuPPtRu will likely feature intricate dependences of experimentally determined βHRS values as a function of irradiation wavelength that derive from substantial singlet-triplet mixing, and complex interactions among multiple different β tensor components that modulate the long wavelength regime of the nonlinear optical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, French Family Science Center, 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Jaehong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, French Family Science Center, 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Kurt De Mey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xiangqian Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, French Family Science Center, 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
| | - David N Beratan
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, French Family Science Center, 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States.,Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
| | - Koen Clays
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael J Therien
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, French Family Science Center, 124 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
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Density Functional Theory Study of Substitution Effects on the Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Lindquist-Type Organo-Imido Polyoxometalates. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13091636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory have been enacted to investigate the effects of donor and acceptor on the first hyperpolarizability of Lindquist-type organo-imido polyoxometalates (POMs). These calculations employ a range-separated hybrid exchange-correlation functional (ωB97X-D), account for solvent effects using the implicit polarizable continuum model, and analyze the first hyperpolarizabilities by using the two-state approximation. They highlight the beneficial role of strong donors as well as of π-conjugated spacers (CH=CH rather than C≡C) on the first hyperpolarizabilities. Analysis based on the unit sphere representation confirms the one-dimensional push-pull π-conjugated character of the POMs substituted by donor groups and the corresponding value of the depolarization ratios close to 5. Furthermore, the use of the two-state approximation is demonstrated to be suitable for explaining the origin of the variations of the first hyperpolarizabilities as a function of the characteristics of a unique low-energy charge-transfer excited state and to attribute most of the first hyperpolarizability changes to the difference of dipole moment between the ground and that charge-transfer excited state.
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14
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Morisue M, Kawanishi M, Kusukawa T. Charge‐Transfer‐Adaptable Double‐Strand Formation of a Porphyrin‐BODIPY‐Porphyrin Triad. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiko Morisue
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606–8585 Japan
| | - Miho Kawanishi
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606–8585 Japan
| | - Takahiro Kusukawa
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606–8585 Japan
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15
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Muhammad S, Lai CH, Al-Sehemi AG, Alshahrani T, Iqbal J, Ayub K. Exploring the twisted molecular configurations for tuning their optical and nonlinear optical response properties: A quantum chemical approach. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 102:107766. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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16
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Electronic structure and photophysics of a supermolecular iron complex having a long MLCT-state lifetime and panchromatic absorption. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20430-20437. [PMID: 32788361 PMCID: PMC7456135 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009996117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The main hurdle that prevents earth-abundant iron-based complexes from replacing environmentally unfriendly and expensive heavy metal [e.g., Ru(II), Os(II), Ir(III)] complexes in solar-energy conversion applications is the typical ultrashort (femtosecond timescale) charge-transfer state lifetime of Fe(II) chromophores. We provide a design roadmap to a generation of efficient iron-based photosensitizers and present an Fe(II) complex archetype, FeNHCPZn, which features a profoundly extended metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (3MLCT) lifetime and a large transition-dipole moment difference between its ground and metal-to-ligand charge-transfer states. This supermolecular design promotes superior visible photon harvesting over classic metal complexes while assuring a triplet excited-state oxidation potential appropriate for charge injection into the conduction bands of common semiconductor electrode materials, highlighting its photosensitizing utility in dye-sensitized solar-cell architectures. Exploiting earth-abundant iron-based metal complexes as high-performance photosensitizers demands long-lived electronically excited metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) states, but these species suffer typically from femtosecond timescale charge-transfer (CT)-state quenching by low-lying nonreactive metal-centered (MC) states. Here, we engineer supermolecular Fe(II) chromophores based on the bis(tridentate-ligand)metal(II)-ethyne-(porphinato)zinc(II) conjugated framework, previously shown to give rise to highly delocalized low-lying 3MLCT states for other Group VIII metal (Ru, Os) complexes. Electronic spectral, potentiometric, and ultrafast pump–probe transient dynamical data demonstrate that a combination of a strong σ-donating tridentate ligand and a (porphinato)zinc(II) moiety with low-lying π*-energy levels, sufficiently destabilize MC states and stabilize supermolecular MLCT states to realize Fe(II) complexes that express 3MLCT state photophysics reminiscent of their heavy-metal analogs. The resulting Fe(II) chromophore archetype, FeNHCPZn, features a highly polarized CT state having a profoundly extended 3MLCT lifetime (160 ps), 3MLCT phosphorescence, and ambient environment stability. Density functional and domain-based local pair natural orbital coupled cluster [DLPNO-CCSD(T)] theory reveal triplet-state wavefunction spatial distributions consistent with electronic spectroscopic and excited-state dynamical data, further underscoring the dramatic Fe metal-to-extended ligand CT character of electronically excited FeNHCPZn. This design further prompts intense panchromatic absorptivity via redistributing high-energy absorptive oscillator strength throughout the visible spectral domain, while maintaining a substantial excited-state oxidation potential for wide-ranging photochemistry––highlighted by the ability of FeNHCPZn to photoinject charges into a SnO2/FTO electrode in a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) architecture. Concepts enumerated herein afford opportunities for replacing traditional rare-metal–based emitters for solar-energy conversion and photoluminescence applications.
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17
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Li X, Valdiviezo J, Banziger SD, Zhang P, Ren T, Beratan DN, Rubtsov IV. Symmetry controlled photo-selection and charge separation in butadiyne-bridged donor–bridge–acceptor compounds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:9664-9676. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01235a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electron transfer (ET) in donor–bridge–acceptor (DBA) compounds featuring alkyne bridges depends strongly on the torsion angle between the donor and acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Tulane University
- New Orleans
- USA
| | | | | | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Duke University
- Durham
- USA
| | - Tong Ren
- Department of Chemistry
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - David N. Beratan
- Department of Chemistry
- Duke University
- Durham
- USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University
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18
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Ullah F, Ayub K, Mahmood T. Remarkable second and third order nonlinear optical properties of organometallic C6Li6–M3O electrides. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01670e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Electrides are excess electron compounds with excellent nonlinear optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Ullah
- Department of Chemistry
- COMSATS University Islamabad
- Abbottabad-22060
- Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry
- COMSATS University Islamabad
- Abbottabad-22060
- Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry
- COMSATS University Islamabad
- Abbottabad-22060
- Pakistan
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19
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Verreault D, Moreno K, Merlet É, Adamietz F, Kauffmann B, Ferrand Y, Olivier C, Rodriguez V. Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering as a New Chiroptical Method: Uncovering the Nonlinear Optical Activity of Aromatic Oligoamide Foldamers. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:257-263. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Verreault
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Kevin Moreno
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Éric Merlet
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets, UMR 5248 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Frédéric Adamietz
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Brice Kauffmann
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, UMS 3033 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Yann Ferrand
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets, UMR 5248 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Céline Olivier
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Rodriguez
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR 5255 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
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20
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Sujata Kundan, Bajju GD, Gupta D, Roy TK. Novel Axially Ligated Complexes of Zn(II)Porphyrin: Spectroscopic, Computational, and Antibiological Characterization. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s003602361911010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Shan B, Nayak A, Williams OF, Yost DC, Polizzi NF, Liu Y, Zhou N, Kanai Y, Moran AM, Therien MJ, Meyer TJ. Excitation energy-dependent photocurrent switching in a single-molecule photodiode. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:16198-16203. [PMID: 31366631 PMCID: PMC6697812 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907118116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The direction of electron flow in molecular optoelectronic devices is dictated by charge transfer between a molecular excited state and an underlying conductor or semiconductor. For those devices, controlling the direction and reversibility of electron flow is a major challenge. We describe here a single-molecule photodiode. It is based on an internally conjugated, bichromophoric dyad with chemically linked (porphyrinato)zinc(II) and bis(terpyridyl)ruthenium(II) groups. On nanocrystalline, degenerately doped indium tin oxide electrodes, the dyad exhibits distinct frequency-dependent, charge-transfer characters. Variations in the light source between red-light (∼1.9 eV) and blue-light (∼2.7 eV) excitation for the integrated photodiode result in switching of photocurrents between cathodic and anodic. The origin of the excitation frequency-dependent photocurrents lies in the electronic structure of the chromophore excited states, as shown by the results of theoretical calculations, laser flash photolysis, and steady-state spectrophotometric measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Shan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Animesh Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Olivia F Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Dillon C Yost
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Nicholas F Polizzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Yanming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Ninghao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Yosuke Kanai
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Andrew M Moran
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | | | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;
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22
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Rtibi E, Abderrabba M, Ayadi S, Champagne B. Theoretical Assessment of the Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Responses of Lindqvist-Type Organoimido Polyoxometalates. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:11210-11219. [PMID: 31390191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The second-order nonlinear optical properties of Lindqvist-type organoimido polyoxometalates bearing donor and acceptor substituents are evaluated by employing density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory using the ωB97X-D range-separated hybrid exchange-correlation functional to describe accurately the field-induced effects. The hyper-Rayleigh scattering responses, βHRS (-2ω; ω, ω), and the depolarization ratio are the targeted quantities. They are analyzed by resorting to the two-state model, which reduces the full summation-over-state expression to a single diagonal term and relates the response to a few spectroscopic quantities. The validity of this model is demonstrated by its ability to reproduce the βHRS variations as a function of the nature of the ligand, owing to the dominant 1D character of these organic-inorganic hybrids. The calculated values are in good agreement with the recent experimental work of Al-Yasari et al. (Inorg. Chem. 2017, 56, 10181-10194), which demonstrates that the hexamolybdate moiety plays the role of an electron acceptor group. On the contrary, they contradict previous studies, which attributed an electron donor character to the polyoxometalate moiety. Calculations highlight that (i) combining the hexamolybdate unit with an organic ligand bearing a strong donor substituent leads to an enhanced first hyperpolarizability, associated with a dominant low-energy excited state, characterized by a large excitation-induced electron transfer from the donating ligand to the hexamolybdate, therefore coupling the polyoxometalate (POM) and its substituted ligand; (ii) in the case of weaker donor substituents, the hexamolybdate still behaves as an electron acceptor, but the first hyperpolarizability is smaller and the coupling has a reduced spatial extension; and, on the contrary, (iii) in the presence of an acceptor substituent, there is a competition between the hexamolybdate and this group so that the first hyperpolarizability becomes very small. The whole set of results demonstrates that polyoxometalate moieties are good candidates to achieve large second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) responses while keeping a rather large transparency window and also that there remains space to improve their integration into NLO efficient organic-inorganic hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Rtibi
- Chemistry Department , University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis , B.P. 248 El Manar II , 2092 Tunis , Tunisia.,Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter , University of Namur , Rue de Bruxelles, 61 , 5000 Namur , Belgium
| | - Manef Abderrabba
- Laboratory of Materials Molecules and Applications, Preparatory Institute for Scientific and Technical Studies , Carthage University , B.P. 51, La Marsa , 2075 Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Sameh Ayadi
- Chemistry Department , University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis , B.P. 248 El Manar II , 2092 Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter , University of Namur , Rue de Bruxelles, 61 , 5000 Namur , Belgium
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Engineering opposite electronic polarization of singlet and triplet states increases the yield of high-energy photoproducts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:14465-14470. [PMID: 31182609 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901752116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient photosynthetic energy conversion requires quantitative, light-driven formation of high-energy, charge-separated states. However, energies of high-lying excited states are rarely extracted, in part because the congested density of states in the excited-state manifold leads to rapid deactivation. Conventional photosystem designs promote electron transfer (ET) by polarizing excited donor electron density toward the acceptor ("one-way" ET), a form of positive design. Curiously, negative design strategies that explicitly avoid unwanted side reactions have been underexplored. We report here that electronic polarization of a molecular chromophore can be used as both a positive and negative design element in a light-driven reaction. Intriguingly, prudent engineering of polarized excited states can steer a "U-turn" ET-where the excited electron density of the donor is initially pushed away from the acceptor-to outcompete a conventional one-way ET scheme. We directly compare one-way vs. U-turn ET strategies via a linked donor-acceptor (DA) assembly in which selective optical excitation produces donor excited states polarized either toward or away from the acceptor. Ultrafast spectroscopy of DA pinpoints the importance of realizing donor singlet and triplet excited states that have opposite electronic polarizations to shut down intersystem crossing. These results demonstrate that oppositely polarized electronically excited states can be employed to steer photoexcited states toward useful, high-energy products by routing these excited states away from states that are photosynthetic dead ends.
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24
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Mede T, Jäger M, Schubert US. "Chemistry-on-the-complex": functional Ru II polypyridyl-type sensitizers as divergent building blocks. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7577-7627. [PMID: 30246196 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00096d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium polypyridyl type complexes are potent photoactive compounds, and have found - among others - a broad range of important applications in the fields of biomedical diagnosis and phototherapy, energy conversion schemes such as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and molecular assemblies for tailored photo-initiated processes. In this regard, the linkage of RuII polypyridyl-type complexes with specific functional moieties is highly desirable to enhance their inherent photophysical properties, e.g., with a targeting function to achieve cell selectivity, or with a dye or redox-active subunits for energy- and electron-transfer. However, the classical approach of performing ligand syntheses first and the formation of Ru complexes in the last steps imposes synthetic limitations with regard to tolerating functional groups or moieties as well as requiring lengthy convergent routes. Alternatively, the diversification of Ru complexes after coordination (termed "chemistry-on-the-complex") provides an elegant complementary approach. In addition to the Click chemistry concept, the rapidly developing synthesis and purification methodologies permit the preparation of Ru conjugates via amidation, alkylation and cross-coupling reactions. In this regard, recent developments in chromatography shifted the limits of purification, e.g., by using new commercialized surface-modified silica gels and automated instrumentation. This review provides detailed insights into applying the "chemistry-on-the-complex" concept, which is believed to stimulate the modular preparation of unpreceded molecular assemblies as well as functional materials based on Ru-based building blocks, including combinatorial approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Mede
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Yi XG, Chen WT, Huang JG, Zhang DW, Wang YF. Electrochemistry, photoluminescence and theoretical study of the first 5,10,15,20-tetra-(4-(triazol-1-yl)phenyl) porphyridine complex. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The first 5,10,15,20-tetra-(4-(triazol-1-yl)phenyl) porphyridine complex, [Zn[Formula: see text]Cl[Formula: see text](5,10,15,20-tetra-(4-(triazol-1-yl)phenyl)porphyridine)][Formula: see text]Cl•[Formula: see text]H[Formula: see text]O•7[Formula: see text]H[Formula: see text]O (1) has been synthesized via solvothermal reactions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 is characteristic of a one-dimensional (1-D) structure, consisting of neutral [Zn[Formula: see text]Cl[Formula: see text](5,10,15,20-tetra-(4-(triazol-1-yl)phenyl) porphyridine)][Formula: see text] chains, isolated chloride ions and lattice water molecules. The zinc ion is in a four-coordinated tetrahedral geometry, and the porphyrin macrocycle is saddle-distorted. Photoluminescence measurement with solid-state samples discovers that it exhibits an emission in the green region of the light spectrum. Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculation discovers that this emission can be attributed to the [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text]* charge transfer. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurement reveals that it possesses an oxidation peak at 0.37 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Guang Yi
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi 343009, China
- Research Center for Rare Earths & Nano/micro Functional Materials, Nanchang University Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Wen-Tong Chen
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi 343009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistant Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, (Nanchang Hangkong University) Nanchang Jiangxi 330000, China
| | - Jian-Gen Huang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi 343009, China
| | - Ding-Wa Zhang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi 343009, China
| | - Yin-Feng Wang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi 343009, China
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26
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Ghanbari B, Shahhoseini L, Kubicki M. X-ray crystallographic, spectroscopic, electrochemical and computational studies on axially ligation of ZnTPP with pyridine derivative anchored to aza-crown macrocyclic ligand. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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27
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Jiang T, Polizzi NF, Rawson J, Therien MJ. Engineering High-Potential Photo-oxidants with Panchromatic Absorption. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8412-8415. [PMID: 28613070 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Challenging photochemistry demands high-potential visible-light-absorbing photo-oxidants. We report (i) a highly electron-deficient Ru(II) complex (eDef-Rutpy) bearing an E1/20/+ potential more than 300 mV more positive than that of any established Ru(II) bis(terpyridyl) derivative, and (ii) an ethyne-bridged eDef-Rutpy-(porphinato)Zn(II) (eDef-RuPZn) supermolecule that affords both panchromatic UV-vis spectral domain absorptivity and a high E1/20/+ potential, comparable to that of Ce(NH4)2(NO3)6 [E1/2(Ce3+/4+) = 1.61 V vs NHE], a strong and versatile ground-state oxidant commonly used in organic functional group transformations. eDef-RuPZn exhibits ∼8-fold greater absorptive oscillator strength over the 380-700 nm range relative to conventional Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes, and impressive excited-state reduction potentials (1E-/* = 1.59 V; 3E-/* = 1.26 V). eDef-RuPZn manifests electronically excited singlet and triplet charge-transfer state lifetimes more than 2 orders of magnitude longer than those typical of conventional Ru(II) bis(terpyridyl) chromophores, suggesting new opportunities in light-driven oxidation reactions for energy conversion and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Nicholas F Polizzi
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jeff Rawson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Michael J Therien
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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