1
|
Tsvetkov YE, Volkov TM, Eremin SA, Sklyarov OD, Kulakov YK, Krylov VB, Nifantiev NE. New synthesis of oligosaccharides modelling the M epitope of the Brucella O-polysaccharide. Front Chem 2024; 12:1424157. [PMID: 38974993 PMCID: PMC11224555 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1424157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a dangerous zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. Diagnosis of brucellosis is based on the detection in animal and human sera of antibodies to the O-polysaccharide of Brucella lipopolysaccharide. The currently employed serodiagnosis of brucellosis relies on the use of the Brucella O-polysaccharide as a diagnostic antigen. However, the existence of bacterial species, which also express O-polysaccharides structurally similar to that of Brucella, may decrease the specificity of the brucellosis detection due to false-positive test results. It has been shown that the efficiency of the test can be significantly improved by using synthetic oligosaccharides that correspond to the so-called M epitope of the Brucella O-antigen. This epitope is characterized by an α-(1→3)-linkage between d-perosamine units and is unique to Brucella. Here we report on an efficient approach to the synthesis of oligosaccharides that model the M epitope of the Brucella O-polysaccharide. The approach is based on the use of the α-(1→3)-linked disaccharide thioglycoside as the key donor block. Its application allowed the straightforward assembly of a set of four protected oligosaccharides, which includes a disaccharide, two trisaccharides, and a tetrasaccharide, in five glycosylation steps. The synthesized oligosaccharides are planned to be used in the development of diagnostic tools for identifying brucellosis in humans and domestic animals, as well as a potential vaccine against it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yury E. Tsvetkov
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur M. Volkov
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei A. Eremin
- Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg D. Sklyarov
- Russian State Centre of Quality and Standardization of Veterinary Drugs and Feeds, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri K. Kulakov
- Laboratory of Brucellosis, N.F.Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim B. Krylov
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Synthetic Glycovaccines, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay E. Nifantiev
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Samadi A, Amiri M, Hailat N. The Reasons Behind Long-Term Endemicity of Brucellosis in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Challenges and Future Perspectives. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:82. [PMID: 38289422 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03605-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a neglected worldwide zoonotic disease with more than 500,000 new human cases each year. Direct contact with infected animals and consumption of undercooked animal origin foods are the main routes of brucellosis transmission to humans. Although long endeavor has been applied to control and eliminate brucellosis from animal and human populations in developing countries especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the disease is still endemic in these regions. Many common or unique factors including raw milk consumption, unhygienic slaughter of livestock, extensive husbandry, budgetary limitations, misdiagnosis, and other conditions play a role in long-term endemicity of brucellosis in these locations. It has been shown that One Health is the only practical approach to control brucellosis; however, applying such methods is challenging in low-resource areas. In such conditions, brucellosis is continuously maintained in animals and repeatedly spread to human populations. In this article, factors playing a critical role in brucellosis endemicity, and the real conditions challenging the application of One Health approach in control of brucellosis are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assadullah Samadi
- Paraclinic Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Kabul University, Kabul, Afghanistan.
| | | | - Nabil Hailat
- Veterinary Pathology, Pathology and Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology [JUST], Irbid, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang J, Guo Y, Yu S, Wang D, Li S, Wu J, Sun P, Zhu L, Wang H, Pan C. One-step preparation of a self-assembled bioconjugate nanovaccine against Brucella. Virulence 2023; 14:2280377. [PMID: 37981707 PMCID: PMC10732601 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2280377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis, caused by Brucella, is a severe zoonosis, and the current Brucella live attenuated vaccine cannot be used in humans due to major safety risks. Although polysaccharide antigens can be used to prepare the Brucella vaccine, their lower immunogenicity limits them from producing efficient and broad protection. In this study, we produced a high-performance bioconjugate nanovaccine against different species of Brucella by introducing a self-assembly nanoparticle platform and an O-linked glycosylation system into Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:9, which has an O-polysaccharide composed of the same unit as Brucella. After successfully preparing the vaccine and confirming its stability, we subsequently demonstrated the safety of the vaccine in mice by high-dose immunization. Then, by a series of mouse experiments, we found that the nanovaccine greatly promoted antibody responses. In particular, the increase of IgG2a was more obvious than that of IgG1. Most importantly, this nanovaccine could provide cross-protection against B. abortus, B. melitensis, and B. suis strains by lethal dose challenged models, and could improve the clearance of B. melitensis, the most common pathogenic species in human brucellosis, by non-lethal dose infection. Overall, for the first time, we biocoupled polysaccharide antigens with nano carriers to prepare a Brucella vaccine, which showed pronounced and extensive protective effects in mice. Thus, we provided a potential candidate vaccine and a new direction for Brucella vaccine design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Shujuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Dongshu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Shulei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Hengliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sallam AM, Abou-Souliman I, Reyer H, Wimmers K, Rabee AE. New insights into the genetic predisposition of brucellosis and its effect on the gut and vaginal microbiota in goats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20086. [PMID: 37973848 PMCID: PMC10654701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Goats contribute significantly to the global food security and industry. They constitute a main supplier of meat and milk for large proportions of people in Egypt and worldwide. Brucellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease that causes a significant economic loss in animal production. A case-control genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) was conducted using the infectious status of the animal as a phenotype. The does that showed abortion during the last third period of pregnancy and which were positive to both rose bengal plate and serum tube agglutination tests, were considered as cases. Otherwise, they were considered as controls. All animals were genotyped using the Illumina 65KSNP BeadChip. Additionally, the diversity and composition of vaginal and fecal microbiota in cases and controls were investigated using PCR-amplicone sequencing of the V4 region of 16S rDNA. After applying quality control criteria, 35,818 markers and 66 does were available for the GWAS test. The GWAS revealed a significantly associated SNP (P = 5.01 × 10-7) located on Caprine chromosome 15 at 29 megabases. Four other markers surpassed the proposed threshold (P = 2.5 × 10-5). Additionally, fourteen genomic regions accounted for more than 0.1% of the variance explained by all genome windows. Corresponding markers were located within or in close vicinity to several candidate genes, such as ARRB1, RELT, ATG16L2, IGSF21, UBR4, ULK1, DCN, MAPB1, NAIP, CD26, IFIH1, NDFIP2, DOK4, MAF, IL2RB, USP18, ARID5A, ZAP70, CNTN5, PIK3AP1, DNTT, BLNK, and NHLRC3. These genes play important roles in the regulation of immune responses to the infections through several biological pathways. Similar vaginal bacterial community was observed in both cases and controls while the fecal bacterial composition and diversity differed between the groups (P < 0.05). Faeces from the control does showed a higher relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidota compared to cases (P < 0.05), while the latter showed more Firmicutes, Spirochaetota, Planctomycetota, and Proteobacteria. On the genus level, the control does exhibited higher abundances of Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group and Christensenellaceae R-7 group (P < 0.05), while the infected does revealed higher Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Prevotellaceae UCG-003 (P < 0.05). This information increases our understanding of the genetics of the susceptibility to Brucella in goats and may be useful in breeding programs and selection schemes that aim at controlling the disease in livestock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Sallam
- Animal and Poultry Breeding Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | - Henry Reyer
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Alaa Emara Rabee
- Animal and Poultry Nutrition Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rohokale R, Guo Z. Development in the Concept of Bacterial Polysaccharide Repeating Unit-Based Antibacterial Conjugate Vaccines. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:178-212. [PMID: 36706246 PMCID: PMC9930202 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The surface of cells is coated with a dense layer of glycans, known as the cell glycocalyx. The complex glycans in the glycocalyx are involved in various biological events, such as bacterial pathogenesis, protection of bacteria from environmental stresses, etc. Polysaccharides on the bacterial cell surface are highly conserved and accessible molecules, and thus they are excellent immunological targets. Consequently, bacterial polysaccharides and their repeating units have been extensively studied as antigens for the development of antibacterial vaccines. This Review surveys the recent developments in the synthetic and immunological investigations of bacterial polysaccharide repeating unit-based conjugate vaccines against several human pathogenic bacteria. The major challenges associated with the development of functional carbohydrate-based antibacterial conjugate vaccines are also considered.
Collapse
|
6
|
Serum PCR Diagnosis of Brucella melitensis Infection in Rev. 1 Vaccinated Sheep. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres14010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological diagnosis provides a robust and effective approach to monitoring and controlling small ruminant brucellosis. Brucella melitensis Rev. 1 is a live vaccine strain used in prophylactic vaccination against small ruminant brucellosis. Because the vaccine strain shares identical serological antigens with the corresponding field strains, differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) serological responses hamper surveillance campaigns and interventions that involve vaccination. We have developed a serum PCR-based approach in which we amplify and sequence Brucella omp2a as a DIVA solution and tRNA (uracil-5-)-methyltransferase as a species marker in the serum samples to determine the etiological agent involved in brucellosis field cases. Using this method, we identified the involvement of both the Rev. 1 vaccine strain and a field strain in an outbreak of brucellosis in a flock. This method represents a novel approach in studying the etiology of brucellosis using serum samples as a source of the pathogen’s DNA.
Collapse
|
7
|
The Tip of Brucella O-Polysaccharide Is a Potent Epitope in Response to Brucellosis Infection and Enables Short Synthetic Antigens to Be Superior Diagnostic Reagents. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040708. [PMID: 35456759 PMCID: PMC9024974 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a global disease and the world’s most prevalent zoonosis. All cases in livestock and most cases in humans are caused by members of the genus Brucella that possess a surface O-polysaccharide (OPS) comprised of a rare monosaccharide 4-deoxy-4-formamido-D-mannopyranose assembled with α1,2 and α1,3 linkages. The OPS of the bacterium is the basis for serodiagnostic tests for brucellosis. Bacteria that also contain the same rare monosaccharide can induce antibodies that cross-react in serological tests. In previous work we established that synthetic oligosaccharides, representing elements of the Brucella A and M polysaccharide structures, were excellent antigens to explore the antibody response in the context of infection, immunisation and cross reaction. These studies suggested the existence of antibodies that are specific to the tip of the Brucella OPS. Sera from naturally and experimentally Brucella abortus-infected cattle as well as from cattle experimentally infected with the cross-reactive bacterium Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 and field sera that cross react in conventional serological assays were studied here with an expanded panel of synthetic antigens. The addition of chemical features to synthetic antigens that block antibody binding to the tip of the OPS dramatically reduced their polyclonal antibody binding capability providing conclusive evidence that the OPS tip (non-reducing end) is a potent epitope. Selected short oligosaccharides, including those that were exclusively α1,2 linked, also demonstrated superior specificity when evaluated with cross reactive sera compared to native smooth lipopolysaccharide (sLPS) antigen and capped native OPS. This surprising discovery suggests that the OPS tip epitope, even though common to both Brucella and Y. enterocolitica O:9, has more specific diagnostic properties than the linear portion of the native antigens. This finding opens the way to the development of improved serological tests for brucellosis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Natural Brucella melitensis Infection and Rev. 1 Vaccination Induce Specific Brucella O-Polysaccharide Antibodies Involved in Complement Mediated Brucella Cell Killing. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020317. [PMID: 35214775 PMCID: PMC8878583 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against brucellosis using live attenuated strains is the primary approach in protecting livestock against the disease through a strong cellular immune response. Attenuated vaccine strains also induce serum anti-Brucella antibodies, mostly against Brucella O-polysaccharide, but their role in protection against the disease remains unclear. In this study, we show that Brucella OPS serum antibodies after vaccination or natural infection could kill Brucella in vitro as shown by the serum bactericidal activity (SBA) assay. We used serum samples of Rev. 1 vaccinated sheep that were negative or positive for Brucella OPS antibodies by either one of complement fixation test (CFT), microplate agglutination test (MAT) and ELISA, or sera of naturally infected sheep positive by CFT. We found a significant increase in the killing ability of sera 30 days after intraocular vaccination with Rev. 1 as compared with pre-vaccination. SBA was significantly higher in sera containing Brucella OPS IgG antibodies in comparison with sera lacking such antibodies (p < 0.001 against 16M & Rev. 1 strains). All 10 sera of convalescent sheep demonstrated significant killing ability against the 16M B. melitensis field strain. Specific OPS antibodies participate in the in vitro complement mediated Brucella killing suggesting a potential role in protection against the disease through this mechanism and relevance of developing OPS-based Brucella vaccines.
Collapse
|
9
|
Chaudhuri P, Saminathan M, Ali SA, Kaur G, Singh SV, Lalsiamthara J, Goswami TK, Singh AK, Singh SK, Malik P, Singh RK. Immunization with Brucella abortus S19Δper Conferred Protection in Water Buffaloes against Virulent Challenge with B. abortus Strain S544. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9121423. [PMID: 34960169 PMCID: PMC8708995 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination of cattle and buffaloes with Brucella abortus strain 19 has been the mainstay for control of bovine brucellosis. However, vaccination with S19 suffers major drawbacks in terms of its safety and interference with serodiagnosis of clinical infection. Brucella abortus S19∆per, a perosamine synthetase wbkB gene deletion mutant, overcomes the drawbacks of the S19 vaccine strain. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of Brucella abortus S19Δper vaccine candidate in the natural host, buffaloes. Safety of S19∆per, for animals use, was assessed in guinea pigs. Protective efficacy of vaccine was assessed in buffaloes by immunizing with normal dose (4 × 1010 colony forming units (CFU)/animal) and reduced dose (2 × 109 CFU/animal) of S19Δper and challenged with virulent strain of B. abortus S544 on 300 days post immunization. Bacterial persistency of S19∆per was assessed in buffalo calves after 42 days of inoculation. Different serological, biochemical and pathological studies were performed to evaluate the S19∆per vaccine. The S19Δper immunized animals showed significantly low levels of anti-lipopolysaccharides (LPS) antibodies. All the immunized animals were protected against challenge infection with B. abortus S544. Sera from the majority of S19Δper immunized buffalo calves showed moderate to weak agglutination to RBPT antigen and thereby, could apparently be differentiated from S19 vaccinated and clinically-infected animals. The S19Δper was more sensitive to buffalo serum complement mediated lysis than its parent strain, S19. Animals culled at 6-weeks-post vaccination showed no gross lesions in organs and there was comparatively lower burden of infection in the lymph nodes of S19Δper immunized animals. With attributes of higher safety, strong protective efficacy and potential of differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA), S19Δper would be a prospective alternate to conventional S19 vaccines for control of bovine brucellosis as proven in buffaloes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Chaudhuri
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India; (S.A.A.); (G.K.); (S.V.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-9897806310
| | - Mani Saminathan
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India;
| | - Syed Atif Ali
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India; (S.A.A.); (G.K.); (S.V.S.)
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India; (S.A.A.); (G.K.); (S.V.S.)
| | - Shiv Varan Singh
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India; (S.A.A.); (G.K.); (S.V.S.)
| | - Jonathan Lalsiamthara
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Tapas K. Goswami
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India;
| | - Ashwini K. Singh
- Chaudhary Charan Singh National Institute of Animal Health, Baghpat, Uttar Pradesh 250609, India; (A.K.S.); (S.K.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Sandeep K. Singh
- Chaudhary Charan Singh National Institute of Animal Health, Baghpat, Uttar Pradesh 250609, India; (A.K.S.); (S.K.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Praveen Malik
- Chaudhary Charan Singh National Institute of Animal Health, Baghpat, Uttar Pradesh 250609, India; (A.K.S.); (S.K.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Raj K. Singh
- Division of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Banai M, Jiang H, Peng X, Feng Y, Jiang H, Ding J. The prevention and control of domesticated animal brucellosis. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
|
11
|
Harzandi N, Aghababa H, Khoramabadi N, Tabaraie T. Efficient Immunization of BALB/c Mice against Pathogenic Brucella melitensis and B. ovis: Comparing Cell-Mediated and Protective Immune Responses Elicited by pCDNA3.1 and pVAX1 DNA Vaccines Coding for Omp31 of Brucella melitensis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 19:e2618. [PMID: 34179193 PMCID: PMC8217529 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2021.2618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Brucella spp. are intracellular pathogens, therefore cell-mediated immunity is the main response to inhibit survival and growth of the bacteria in vertebrate host. Objective Many eukaryotic plasmid vectors are being used in setting up DNA vaccines which may show different efficiencies in same conditions. This is important in designing the vaccines and immunization strategies. We looked into the probable differences of immune responses induced by different eukaryotic DNA plasmid vectors (pcDNA3.1 and pVAX1) harboring the same Omp31 gene of B. melitensis. Materials and Methods Female BALB/c mice were immunized with pcDNA -omp31 and pVAX-omp31 and further boosted with recombinant Omp31. Subclasses of specific serum IgG against the rOmp31 were measured by ELISA. Cytokines responses to rOmp31 in Splenocyte cultures of the immunized mice were evaluated by measuring the production of IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ. Protective responses of the immunized mice were evaluated by intraperitoneal challenge with pathogenic Brucella melitensis 16M and Brucella ovis PA76250. Results Both DNA vaccine candidates conferred potent Th1-type responses with higher levels of cytokines and immunoglobulins observed in mice immunized with pVAX-omp31. Although pcDNA-omp31 and pVAX-omp31 both elicited protective immunity, mice immunized with the latter showed a higher protection against both B. melitensis and B. ovis PA76250. Conclusion The results of this study highlight the significant differences between efficiency of diverse plasmid backbones in DNA vaccines which code for an identical antigen. Comparing various plasmid vectors should be considered as an essential part of the studies aiming construction of DNA vaccines for intracellular pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naser Harzandi
- Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Aghababa
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nima Khoramabadi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Termeh Tabaraie
- Department of Cardiology, Charité Medical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
ZOU XP, QIN CJ, HU J, FU JJ, TIAN GZ, MOSCOVITZ O, SEEBERGER PH, YIN J. Total synthesis of D-glycero-D-mannno-heptose 1β, 7-bisphosphate with 3-O-amyl amine linker and its monophosphate derivative. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:628-632. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
13
|
Li M, Huang W, Jiang Z, Shi Y, Yuan S, Fu K, Chen Y, Zhou L, Zhou W. Multi-gram scale synthesis of a bleomycin (BLM) carbohydrate moiety: exploring the antitumor beneficial effect of BLM disaccharide attached to 10-hydroxycamptothecine (10-HCPT). NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj06191b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient multi-gram synthesis of bleomycin disaccharide has been developed, and its conjugate with 10-HCPT displayed obvious selectivity, clearly indicating the potential of bleomycin disaccharide in solving the targeted therapy of cytotoxic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MaoLin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- University Town
- Waihuan Rd
- Panyu
| | - Weiping Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- University Town
- Waihuan Rd
- Panyu
| | - Zhilin Jiang
- Puer University
- Puer
- Yunan
- China
- Institute of Comparative Study of Traditional Material Medica
| | - Yonghui Shi
- Department of Pharmacy
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Sisi Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- University Town
- Waihuan Rd
- Panyu
| | - Kaishuo Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- University Town
- Waihuan Rd
- Panyu
| | - YongJun Chen
- South China Research Centre for Acupuncture and Moxibustion
- Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- University Town
- Waihuan Rd
| | - Li Zhou
- College of Science
- Hunan Agricultural University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Wen Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- University Town
- Waihuan Rd
- Panyu
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wen L, Edmunds G, Gibbons C, Zhang J, Gadi MR, Zhu H, Fang J, Liu X, Kong Y, Wang PG. Toward Automated Enzymatic Synthesis of Oligosaccharides. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8151-8187. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Garrett Edmunds
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Christopher Gibbons
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Madhusudhan Reddy Gadi
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Hailiang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Junqiang Fang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xianwei Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yun Kong
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Colombo C, Pitirollo O, Lay L. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Glycoconjugates for Vaccine Development. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071712. [PMID: 30011851 PMCID: PMC6099631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade there has been a growing interest in glycoimmunology, a relatively new research field dealing with the specific interactions of carbohydrates with the immune system. Pathogens’ cell surfaces are covered by a thick layer of oligo- and polysaccharides that are crucial virulence factors, as they mediate receptors binding on host cells for initial adhesion and organism invasion. Since in most cases these saccharide structures are uniquely exposed on the pathogen surface, they represent attractive targets for vaccine design. Polysaccharides isolated from cell walls of microorganisms and chemically conjugated to immunogenic proteins have been used as antigens for vaccine development for a range of infectious diseases. However, several challenges are associated with carbohydrate antigens purified from natural sources, such as their difficult characterization and heterogeneous composition. Consequently, glycoconjugates with chemically well-defined structures, that are able to confer highly reproducible biological properties and a better safety profile, are at the forefront of vaccine development. Following on from our previous review on the subject, in the present account we specifically focus on the most recent advances in the synthesis and preliminary immunological evaluation of next generation glycoconjugate vaccines designed to target bacterial and fungal infections that have been reported in the literature since 2011.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Olimpia Pitirollo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Luigi Lay
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Martínez-Gómez E, Ståhle J, Gil-Ramírez Y, Zúñiga-Ripa A, Zaccheus M, Moriyón I, Iriarte M, Widmalm G, Conde-Álvarez R. Genomic Insertion of a Heterologous Acetyltransferase Generates a New Lipopolysaccharide Antigenic Structure in Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1092. [PMID: 29887851 PMCID: PMC5981137 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonosis of worldwide distribution caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. In Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis, the major species infecting domestic ruminants, the smooth lipopolysaccharide (S-LPS) is a virulence factor. This S-LPS carries a N-formyl-perosamine homopolymer O-polysaccharide that is the major antigen in serodiagnostic tests and is required for virulence. We report that the Brucella O-PS can be structurally and antigenically modified using wbdR, the acetyl-transferase gene involved in N-acetyl-perosamine synthesis in Escherichia coli O157:H7. Brucella constructs carrying plasmidic wbdR expressed a modified O-polysaccharide but were unstable, a problem circumvented by inserting wbdR into a neutral site of chromosome II. As compared to wild-type bacteria, both kinds of wbdR constructs expressed shorter O-polysaccharides and NMR analyses showed that they contained both N-formyl and N-acetyl-perosamine. Moreover, deletion of the Brucella formyltransferase gene wbkC in wbdR constructs generated bacteria producing only N-acetyl-perosamine homopolymers, proving that wbdR can replace for wbkC. Absorption experiments with immune sera revealed that the wbdR constructs triggered antibodies to new immunogenic epitope(s) and the use of monoclonal antibodies proved that B. abortus and B. melitensis wbdR constructs respectively lacked the A or M epitopes, and the absence of the C epitope in both backgrounds. The wbdR constructs showed resistance to polycations similar to that of the wild-type strains but displayed increased sensitivity to normal serum similar to that of a per R mutant. In mice, the wbdR constructs produced chronic infections and triggered antibody responses that can be differentiated from those evoked by the wild-type strain in S-LPS ELISAs. These results open the possibilities of developing brucellosis vaccines that are both antigenically tagged and lack the diagnostic epitopes of virulent field strains, thereby solving the diagnostic interference created by current vaccines against Brucella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estrella Martínez-Gómez
- Instituto de Salud Tropical, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jonas Ståhle
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yolanda Gil-Ramírez
- Instituto de Salud Tropical, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Zúñiga-Ripa
- Instituto de Salud Tropical, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mona Zaccheus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ignacio Moriyón
- Instituto de Salud Tropical, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Iriarte
- Instituto de Salud Tropical, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raquel Conde-Álvarez
- Instituto de Salud Tropical, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mandal SS, Ganesh NV, Sadowska JM, Bundle DR. Synthetic glycoconjugates characterize the fine specificity of Brucella A and M monoclonal antibodies. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:3874-3883. [PMID: 28317992 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00445a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dominant cell wall antigen of Brucella bacteria is the O-polysaccharide component of the smooth lipopolysaccharide. Infection by various Brucella biovars causes abortions and infertility in a wide range of domestic and wild animals and debilitating disease in humans. Diagnosis relies on the detection of antibodies to the A and M antigens expressed in the O-polysaccharide. This molecule is a homopolymer of the rare monosaccharide, 4-formamido-4,6-dideoxy-d-mannopyranose (Rha4NFo). The A epitope is created by a uniform α1,2 linked internal polymeric sequence capped by a distinct tetrasaccharide sequence defining the M antigen. Unique oligosaccharides only available by chemical synthesis and conjugated via reducing and non-reducing residues to bovine serum albumin have revealed the structural basis of the fine specificity that allows the discrimination of these closely related A and M epitopes. All three M specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are inferred to possess groove type binding sites open at each end, and recognize an α1,3 linked Rha4NFo disaccharide as a part of a trisaccharide epitope, which in two mAbs includes the terminal Rha4NFo residue. The binding site of one of these antibodies is sufficiently large to engage up to six Rha4NFo residues and involves weak recognition of α1,2 linked Rha4NFo residues. The third mAb binds an internal trisaccharide epitope of the M tetrasaccharide. Two A specific mAbs also possess groove type binding sites that accommodate six and four α1,2 linked Rha4NFo residues.
Collapse
|
18
|
Franc KA, Krecek RC, Häsler BN, Arenas-Gamboa AM. Brucellosis remains a neglected disease in the developing world: a call for interdisciplinary action. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:125. [PMID: 29325516 PMCID: PMC5765637 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-5016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucellosis is an endemic zoonotic disease in most of the developing world that causes devastating losses to the livestock industry and small-scale livestock holders. Infected animals exhibit clinical signs that are of economic significance to stakeholders and include reduced fertility, abortion, poor weight gain, lost draught power, and a substantial decline in milk production. In humans, brucellosis typically manifests as a variety of non-specific clinical signs. Chronicity and recurring febrile conditions, as well as devastating complications in pregnant women are common sequelae. DISCUSSION In regions where the disease is endemic, brucellosis has far-reaching and deleterious effects on humans and animals alike. Deeply entrenched social misconceptions and fear of government intervention contribute to this disease continuing to smolder unchecked in most of the developing world, thereby limiting economic growth and inhibiting access to international markets. The losses in livestock productivity compromise food security and lead to shifts in the cognitive competency of the working generation, influence the propagation of gender inequality, and cause profound emotional suffering in farmers whose herds are affected. The acute and chronic symptoms of the disease in humans can result in a significant loss of workdays and a decline in the socioeconomic status of infected persons and their families from the associated loss of income. The burden of the disease to society includes significant human healthcare costs for diagnosis and treatment, and non-healthcare costs such as public education efforts to reduce disease transmission. CONCLUSION Brucellosis places significant burdens on the human healthcare system and limits the economic growth of individuals, communities, and nations where such development is especially important to diminish the prevalence of poverty. The implementation of public policy focused on mitigating the socioeconomic effects of brucellosis in human and animal populations is desperately needed. When developing a plan to mitigate the associated consequences, it is vital to consider both the abstract and quantifiable effects. This requires an interdisciplinary and collaborative, or One Health, approach that consists of public education, the development of an infrastructure for disease surveillance and reporting in both veterinary and medical fields, and campaigns for control in livestock and wildlife species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Franc
- The University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - R C Krecek
- Global One Health, Office of the Dean, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Center, Texas A&M University, 4461 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4461, USA.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4467 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4467, USA.,Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - B N Häsler
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - A M Arenas-Gamboa
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4467 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4467, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
![]()
Brucellosis is a serious zoonotic bacterial disease that is ranked
by the World Health Organization among the top seven “neglected
zoonoses” that threaten human health and cause poverty. It
is a costly, highly contagious disease that affects ruminants, cattle,
sheep, goats, and other productive animals such as pigs. Symptoms
include abortions, infertility, decreased milk production, weight
loss, and lameness. Brucellosis is also the most common bacterial
disease that is transmitted from animals to humans, with approximately
500 000 new human cases each year. Detection and slaughter
of infected animals is required to eradicate the disease, as vaccination
alone is currently insufficient. However, as the most protective vaccines
compromise serodiagnosis, this creates policy dilemmas, and these
often result in the failure of eradication and control programs. Detection
of antibodies to the Brucella bacterial
cell wall O-polysaccharide (OPS) component of smooth lipopolysaccharide
is used in diagnosis of this disease, and the same molecule contributes
important protective efficacy to currently deployed veterinary whole-cell
vaccines. This has set up a long-standing paradox that while Brucella OPS confers protective efficacy to vaccines,
its presence results in similar antibody profiles in infected and
vaccinated animals. Consequently, differentiation of infected from
vaccinated animals (DIVA) is not possible, and this limits efforts
to combat the disease. Recent clarification of the chemical structure
of Brucella OPS as a block copolymer
of two oligosaccharide sequences has provided an opportunity to utilize
unique oligosaccharides only available via chemical synthesis in serodiagnostic
tests for the disease. These oligosaccharides show excellent sensitivity
and specificity compared with the native polymer used in current commercial
tests and have the added advantage of assisting discrimination between
brucellosis and infections caused by several bacteria with OPS that
share some structural features with those of Brucella. During synthesis and immunochemical evaluation of these synthetic
antigens, it became apparent that an opportunity existed to create
a polysaccharide–protein conjugate vaccine that would not create
antibodies that give false positive results in diagnostic tests for
infection. This objective was reduced to practice, and immunization
of mice showed that antibodies to the Brucella A antigen could be developed without reacting in a diagnostic test
based on the M antigen. A conjugate vaccine of this type could readily
be developed for use in humans and animals. However, as chemical methods
advance and modern methods of bacterial engineering mature, it is
expected that the principles elucidated by these studies could be
applied to the development of an inexpensive and cost-effective vaccine
to combat endemic brucellosis in animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R. Bundle
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - John McGiven
- FAO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Brucellosis, OIE Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Animal & Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|