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Han X, Gao Y, Zhou B, Hameed HMA, Fang C, Ju Y, He J, Fang X, Liu Z, Yu W, Xiong X, Zhong N, Zhang T. Indole Propionic Acid Disturbs the Normal Function of Tryptophanyl-tRNA Synthetase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1201-1211. [PMID: 38457660 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the second-most contagious killer after COVID-19. The emergence of drug-resistant TB has caused a great need to identify and develop new anti-TB drugs with novel targets. Indole propionic acid (IPA), a structural analog of tryptophan (Trp), is active against M. tuberculosis in vitro and in vivo. It has been verified that IPA exerts its antimicrobial effect by mimicking Trp as an allosteric inhibitor of TrpE, which is the first enzyme in the Trp synthesis pathway of M. tuberculosis. However, other Trp structural analogs, such as indolmycin, also target tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpRS), which has two functions in bacteria: synthesis of tryptophanyl-AMP by catalyzing ATP + Trp and producing Trp-tRNATrp by transferring Trp to tRNATrp. So, we speculate that IPA may also target TrpRS. In this study, we found that IPA can dock into the Trp binding pocket of M. tuberculosis TrpRS (TrpRSMtb), which was further confirmed by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) assay. The biochemical analysis proved that TrpRS can catalyze the reaction between IPA and ATP to generate pyrophosphate (PPi) without Trp as a substrate. Overexpression of wild-type trpS in M. tuberculosis increased the MIC of IPA to 32-fold, and knock-down trpS in Mycolicibacterium smegmatis made it more sensitive to IPA. The supplementation of Trp in the medium abrogated the inhibition of M. tuberculosis by IPA. We demonstrated that IPA can interfere with the function of TrpRS by mimicking Trp, thereby impeding protein synthesis and exerting its anti-TB effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Han
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yamin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Biao Zhou
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
- Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510320, China
| | - H M Adnan Hameed
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cuiting Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanan Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiange Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xiaoli Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
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McCullagh M, Zeczycki TN, Kariyawasam CS, Durie CL, Halkidis K, Fitzkee NC, Holt JM, Fenton AW. What is allosteric regulation? Exploring the exceptions that prove the rule! J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105672. [PMID: 38272229 PMCID: PMC10897898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
"Allosteric" was first introduced to mean the other site (i.e., a site distinct from the active or orthosteric site), an adjective for "regulation" to imply a regulatory outcome resulting from ligand binding at another site. That original idea outlines a system with two ligand-binding events at two distinct locations on a macromolecule (originally a protein system), which defines a four-state energy cycle. An allosteric energy cycle provides a quantifiable allosteric coupling constant and focuses our attention on the unique properties of the four equilibrated protein complexes that constitute the energy cycle. Because many observed phenomena have been referenced as "allosteric regulation" in the literature, the goal of this work is to use literature examples to explore which systems are and are not consistent with the two-ligand thermodynamic energy cycle-based definition of allosteric regulation. We emphasize the need for consistent language so comparisons can be made among the ever-increasing number of allosteric systems. Building on the mutually exclusive natures of an energy cycle definition of allosteric regulation versus classic two-state models, we conclude our discussion by outlining how the often-proposed Rube-Goldberg-like mechanisms are likely inconsistent with an energy cycle definition of allosteric regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin McCullagh
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Tonya N Zeczycki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chathuri S Kariyawasam
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Clarissa L Durie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Konstantine Halkidis
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Nicholas C Fitzkee
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jo M Holt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Aron W Fenton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
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Zhang H, Li B, Yang H, Tan Y, Tan X, Tang Y. Total Synthesis of Carolacton and Demethylcarolactons with Potent Antiviral Activity. Org Lett 2024; 26:370-375. [PMID: 38170945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Carolacton, a naturally occurring MTHFD1 inhibitor, exhibits potent inhibitory activity against various RNA viruses including SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we present a concise total synthesis of carolacton, featuring the Krische allylation, Marshall coupling, NHK coupling, and RCM reaction as key elements. Additionally, we have synthesized three simplified carolacton analogues, one of which, namely, 14-demethyl-carolacton, exhibited notable antiviral activity. The present work paves the way for further exploration of the therapeutic potential of carolacton and its analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bingsong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongzhi Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ya Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xu Tan
- Chinese Institutes for Medical Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yefeng Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Hu X, Shi Y, Jiang B, Fu J, Li X, Li S, Sun G, Ren W, Hu X, You X, Liu Z, Han X, Zhang T, Hong B, Wu L. Iterative Methylation Leads to 3-Methylchuangxinmycin Production in Actinoplanes tsinanensis CPCC 200056. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1-7. [PMID: 36649560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A new congener of chuangxinmycin (CM) was identified from Actinoplanes tsinanensis CPCC 200056. Its structure was determined as 3-methylchuangxinmycin (MCM) by 1D and 2D NMR. MCM could be generated in vivo from CM by heterologous expression of the vitamin B12-dependent radical SAM enzyme CxnA/A1 responsible for methylation of 3-demethylchuangxinmycin (DCM) in CM biosynthesis, indicating that CxnA/A1 could perform iterative methylation for MCM production. In vitro assays revealed significant activities of CM, DCM, and MCM against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and clinically isolated isoniazid/rifampin-resistant M. tuberculosis, suggesting that CM and its derivatives may have potential for antituberculosis drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, and CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, and CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingya Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, and CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Fu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, and CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, and CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufen Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, and CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Guizhi Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, and CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Weicong Ren
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, and CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, and CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefu You
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, and CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingli Han
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Hong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, and CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Linzhuan Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, and CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
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Li L, Zhang M, Li S, Jiang B, Zhang J, Yu L, Liu H, Wu L. Isatropolone/isarubrolone C m from Streptomyces with biological activity of inducing incomplete autophagy. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2022; 75:702-708. [PMID: 36224376 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-022-00575-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Isatropolones/isarubrolones are Streptomyces secondary metabolites featuring a tropolone ring in the pentacyclic scaffolds of these molecules. They are able to induce complete autophagy in human HepG2 cells. Here, methyl isatropolones (1-2) and isarubrolone (3) are identified from Streptomyces CPCC 204095. They all have a methyl tropolone ring in the pentacyclic scaffold of these molecules resolved by MS and NMR spectra. Biological activity assay indicates that isatropolone Cm (1) and isarubrolone Cm (3) induce incomplete autophagy in human HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaoqing Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufen Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bingya Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingpu Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Linzhuan Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Stalinskaya AL, Martynenko NV, Alkhimova LE, Dilbaryan DS, Vasilchenko AS, Dengis NA, Vlasenko VS, Kulakov IV. Synthesis and bacteriostatic properties of epoxybenzooxocino[4,3-b]pyridine derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Wang H, Chen S. A streamlined process for discovery and characterization of inhibitors against phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods Enzymol 2022; 679:275-293. [PMID: 36682865 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) catalyze aminoacylation of tRNAs to produce aminoacyl-tRNAs for protein synthesis. Bacterial aaRSs have distinctive features, play an essential role in channeling amino acids into biomolecular assembly, and are vulnerable to inhibition by small molecules. The aaRSs continue to be targets for potential antibacterial drug development. The first step of aaRS reaction is the activation of amino acid by hydrolyzing ATP to form an acyladenylate intermediate with the concomitant release of pyrophosphate. None-radioactive assays usually measure the rate of ATP consumption or phosphate generation, offering advantages in high-throughput drug screening. These simple aaRS enzyme assays can be adapted to study the mode of inhibition of natural or synthetic aaRS inhibitors. Taking phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (PheRS) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) as an example, we describe a process for identification and characterization of Mtb PheRS inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wang
- Global Health Drug Discovery Institute, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Shawn Chen
- Global Health Drug Discovery Institute, Haidian, Beijing, China.
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