1
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Long MJC, Miranda Herrera PA, Aye Y. Hitting the Bullseye: Endogenous Electrophiles Show Remarkable Nuance in Signaling Regulation. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1636-1648. [PMID: 35394758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Our bodies produce a host of electrophilic species that can label specific endogenous proteins in cells. The signaling roles of these molecules are under active debate. However, in our opinion, it is becoming increasingly likely that electrophiles can rewire cellular signaling processes at endogenous levels. Attention is turning more to understanding how nuanced electrophile signaling in cells is. In this Perspective, we describe recent work from our laboratory that has started to inform on different levels of context-specific regulation of proteins by electrophiles. We discuss the relevance of these data to the field and to the broader application of electrophile signaling to precision medicine development, beyond the traditional views of their pleiotropic cytotoxic roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J C Long
- National Centre of Competence in Research Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Pierre A Miranda Herrera
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yimon Aye
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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2
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Liu Y, Teng L, Yin B, Meng H, Yin X, Huan S, Song G, Zhang XB. Chemical Design of Activatable Photoacoustic Probes for Precise Biomedical Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6850-6918. [PMID: 35234464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging technology, a three-dimensional hybrid imaging modality that integrates the advantage of optical and acoustic imaging, has great application prospects in molecular imaging due to its high imaging depth and resolution. To endow PA imaging with the ability for real-time molecular visualization and precise biomedical diagnosis, numerous activatable molecular PA probes which can specifically alter their PA intensities upon reacting with the targets or biological events of interest have been developed. This review highlights the recent developments of activatable PA probes for precise biomedical applications including molecular detection of the biotargets and imaging of the biological events. First, the generation mechanism of PA signals will be given, followed by a brief introduction to contrast agents used for PA probe design. Then we will particularly summarize the general design principles for the alteration of PA signals and activatable strategies for developing precise PA probes. Furthermore, we will give a detailed discussion of activatable PA probes in molecular detection and biomedical imaging applications in living systems. At last, the current challenges and outlooks of future PA probes will be discussed. We hope that this review will stimulate new ideas to explore the potentials of activatable PA probes for precise biomedical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Lili Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Baoli Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hongmin Meng
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuangyan Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Guosheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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3
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Subedi DR, Reid R, D'Souza PF, Nesterov VN, D'Souza F. Singlet Oxygen Generation in Peripherally Modified Platinum and Palladium Porphyrins: Effect of Triplet Excited State Lifetimes and meso-Substituents on 1 O 2 Quantum Yields. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200010. [PMID: 35289130 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
A series of meso-substituted with aromatic (=tolyl, pyrenyl, fluorenyl, naphthyl, and triphenylamine) substituents, platinum (Pt), and palladium (Pd) porphyrins have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies to probe structure-reactivity aspects on the electrochemical redox potentials, and phosphorescence quantum yields and lifetimes. In the X-ray structures, the aromatic meso-substituents were rotated to some extent from the planarity of the porphyrin ring to minimize steric hindrance. Both Pt and Pd porphyrins revealed higher electrochemical redox gaps as compared to their free-base porphyrin analogs as a result of the harder oxidation and reduction processes. The ability of both Pt and Pd porphyrins to generate singlet oxygen was probed by monitoring the photoluminescence of 1 O2 at 1270 nm. Higher quantum yields for both triplet sensitizers compared to their free-base analogs were witnessed. Singlet oxygen quantum yields close to unity were possible to achieve in the case of Pt and Pd porphyrins bearing triphenylamine substituents at the meso-position. The present study brings out the importance of different meso-substituents on the triplet porphyrin sensitizers in governing singlet oxygen quantum yields; a key property of photosensitizers needed for photodynamic therapy, chemical synthesis, and other pertinent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dili R Subedi
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Ryan Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Patrick F D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Vladimir N Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
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4
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Long MJC, Ly P, Aye Y. A primer on harnessing non-enzymatic post-translational modifications for drug design. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1797-1807. [PMID: 34825181 PMCID: PMC8597429 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00157d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Of the manifold concepts in drug discovery and design, covalent drugs have re-emerged as one of the most promising over the past 20-or so years. All such drugs harness the ability of a covalent bond to drive an interaction between a target biomolecule, typically a protein, and a small molecule. Formation of a covalent bond necessarily prolongs target engagement, opening avenues to targeting shallower binding sites, protein complexes, and other difficult to drug manifolds, amongst other virtues. This opinion piece discusses frameworks around which to develop covalent drugs. Our argument, based on results from our research program on natural electrophile signaling, is that targeting specific residues innately involved in native signaling programs are ideally poised to be targeted by covalent drugs. We outline ways to identify electrophile-sensing residues, and discuss how studying ramifications of innate signaling by endogenous molecules can provide a means to predict drug mechanism and function and assess on- versus off-target behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phillippe Ly
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Yimon Aye
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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5
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Liu Y, Yu Y, Zhao Q, Tang C, Zhang H, Qin Y, Feng X, Zhang J. Fluorescent probes based on nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions for reactive sulfur and selenium species: Recent progress, applications, and design strategies. Coord Chem Rev 2021; 427:213601. [PMID: 33024340 PMCID: PMC7529596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive sulfur species (RSS) and reactive selenium species (RSeS) are important substances for the maintenance of physiological balance. Imbalance of RSS and RSeS is closely related to a series of human diseases, so it is considered to be an important biomarker in early diagnosis, treatment, and stage monitoring. Fast and accurate quantitative analysis of different RSS and RSeS in complex biological systems may promote the development of personalized diagnosis and treatment in the future. One way to explore the physiological function of various types of RSS and RSeS in vivo is to detect them at the molecular level, and one of the most effective methods for this is to use fluorescent probes. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reactions are commonly exploited as a detection mechanism for RSS and RSeS in fluorescent probes. In this review, we cover recent progress in fluorescent probes for RSS and RSeS based on SNAr reactions, and discuss their response mechanisms, properties, and applications. Benzenesulfonate, phenyl-O ether, phenyl-S ether, phenyl-Se ether, 7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD), benzoate, and selenium-nitrogen bonds are all good detection groups. Moreover, based on an integration of different reports, we propose the design and synthesis of RSS- and RSeS-selective probes based on SNAr reactions, current challenges, and future research directions, considering the selection of active sites, the effect of substituents on the benzene ring, and the introduction of other functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaohua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuchang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaohui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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6
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Michel O, Pakhomov AG, Casciola M, Saczko J, Kulbacka J, Pakhomova ON. Electropermeabilization does not correlate with plasma membrane lipid oxidation. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 132:107433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.107433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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7
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Abstract
Targeted covalent modification is assuming consolidated importance in drug discovery. In this context, the electrophilic tuning of redox-dependent cell signaling is attracting major interest, as it opens prospect for treating numerous pathologic conditions. Herein, we discuss the rationale and the issues of electrophile-based approaches, focusing on the transcriptional Nrf2-Keap1 pathway as a test case. We also highlight relevant medicinal chemistry strategies researchers have devised to meet the ambitious goal, dwelling on the investigational and therapeutic potential of modulating redox-signaling networks through regulatory cysteine switches.
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8
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Long MJC, Liu X, Aye Y. Chemical Biology Gateways to Mapping Location, Association, and Pathway Responsivity. Front Chem 2019; 7:125. [PMID: 30949469 PMCID: PMC6437114 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we discuss, how by applying chemical concepts to biological problems, methods have been developed to map spatiotemporal regulation of proteins and small-molecule modulation of proteome signaling responses. We outline why chemical-biology platforms are ideal for such purposes. We further discuss strengths and weaknesses of chemical-biology protocols, contrasting them against classical genetic and biochemical approaches. We make these evaluations based on three parameters: occupancy; functional information; and spatial restriction. We demonstrate how the specific choice of chemical reagent and experimental set-up unite to resolve biological problems. Potential improvements/extensions as well as specific controls that in our opinion are often overlooked or employed incorrectly are also considered. Finally, we discuss some of the latest emerging methods to illuminate how chemical-biology innovations provide a gateway toward information hitherto inaccessible by conventional genetic/biochemical means. Finally, we also caution against solely relying on chemical-biology strategies and urge the field to undertake orthogonal validations to ensure robustness of results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuyu Liu
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yimon Aye
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Proteomics and Beyond: Cell Decision-Making Shaped by Reactive Electrophiles. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 44:75-89. [PMID: 30327250 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Revolutionary proteomic strategies have enabled rapid profiling of the cellular targets of electrophilic small molecules. However, precise means to directly interrogate how these individual electrophilic modifications at low occupancy functionally reshape signaling networks have until recently been largely limited. We highlight here new methods that transcend proteomic platforms to forge a quantitative link between protein target-selective engagement and downstream signaling. We focus on recent progress in the study of non-enzyme-assisted signaling mechanisms and crosstalk choreographed by native reactive electrophilic species (RES). Using this as a model, we offer a long-term vision of how these toolsets together with fundamental biochemical knowledge of precision electrophile signaling may be harnessed to assist covalent ligand-target matching and ultimately amend disease-specific signaling dysfunction.
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10
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Abstract
The concept of cell signaling in the context of nonenzyme-assisted protein modifications by reactive electrophilic and oxidative species, broadly known as redox signaling, is a uniquely complex topic that has been approached from numerous different and multidisciplinary angles. Our Review reflects on five aspects critical for understanding how nature harnesses these noncanonical post-translational modifications to coordinate distinct cellular activities: (1) specific players and their generation, (2) physicochemical properties, (3) mechanisms of action, (4) methods of interrogation, and (5) functional roles in health and disease. Emphasis is primarily placed on the latest progress in the field, but several aspects of classical work likely forgotten/lost are also recollected. For researchers with interests in getting into the field, our Review is anticipated to function as a primer. For the expert, we aim to stimulate thought and discussion about fundamentals of redox signaling mechanisms and nuances of specificity/selectivity and timing in this sophisticated yet fascinating arena at the crossroads of chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Marcus J. C. Long
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Jesse R. Poganik
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Yimon Aye
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New
York, New York, 10065, USA
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11
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Milkovic L, Vukovic T, Zarkovic N, Tatzber F, Bisenieks E, Kalme Z, Bruvere I, Ogle Z, Poikans J, Velena A, Duburs G. Antioxidative 1,4-Dihydropyridine Derivatives Modulate Oxidative Stress and Growth of Human Osteoblast-Like Cells In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7090123. [PMID: 30235855 PMCID: PMC6162383 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7090123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in pathophysiology of different human stress- and age-associated disorders, including osteoporosis for which antioxidants could be considered as therapeutic remedies as was suggested recently. The 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) derivatives are known for their pleiotropic activity, with some also acting as antioxidants. To find compounds with potential antioxidative activity, a group of 27 structurally diverse DHPs, as well as one pyridine compound, were studied. A group of 11 DHPs with 10-fold higher antioxidative potential than of uric acid, were further tested in cell model of human osteoblast-like cells. Short-term combined effects of DHPs and 50 µM H2O2 (1-h each), revealed better antioxidative potential of DHPs if administered before a stressor. Indirect 24-h effect of DHPs was evaluated in cells further exposed to mild oxidative stress conditions induced either by H2O2 or tert-butyl hydroperoxide (both 50 µM). Cell growth (viability and proliferation), generation of ROS and intracellular glutathione concentration were evaluated. The promotion of cell growth was highly dependent on the concentrations of DHPs used, type of stressor applied and treatment set-up. Thiocarbatone III-1, E2-134-1 III-4, Carbatone II-1, AV-153 IV-1, and Diethone I could be considered as therapeutic agents for osteoporosis although further research is needed to elucidate their bioactivity mechanisms, in particular in respect to signaling pathways involving 4-hydroxynoneal and related second messengers of free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Milkovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Tea Vukovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Neven Zarkovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Franz Tatzber
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Egils Bisenieks
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Zenta Kalme
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Imanta Bruvere
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Zaiga Ogle
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Janis Poikans
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Astrida Velena
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Gunars Duburs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
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Van Hall-Beauvais A, Zhao Y, Urul DA, Long MJC, Aye Y. Single-Protein-Specific Redox Targeting in Live Mammalian Cells and C. elegans. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 10:e43. [PMID: 30085412 PMCID: PMC6125161 DOI: 10.1002/cpch.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
T-REX (targetable reactive electrophiles and oxidants) enables electrophile targeting in living systems with high spatiotemporal precision and at single-protein-target resolution. T-REX allows functional consequences of individual electrophile signaling events to be directly linked to on-target modifications. T-REX is accomplished by expressing a HaloTagged protein of interest (POI) and introducing a Halo-targetable bioinert photocaged precursor to a reactive electrophilic signal (RES). Light exposure releases the unfettered RES on demand, enabling precision modification of the POI due to proximity. Using alkyne-functionalized 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) as a representative RES, this protocol delineates optimized strategies to (1) execute T-REX in live human cells and C. elegans, (2) quantitate the POI's RES-sensitivity by either azido-fluorescent-dye conjugation or (3) enrich using biotin-azide/streptavidin pulldown procedure in both model systems, and (4) identify the site of RES-labeling on the POI using proteomics. Built-in T-REX controls that allow users to directly confirm on-target/on-site specificity of RES-sensing are also described. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Daniel A. Urul
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Marcus J. C. Long
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Yimon Aye
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
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Poganik JR, Long MJC, Aye Y. Getting the Message? Native Reactive Electrophiles Pass Two Out of Three Thresholds to be Bona Fide Signaling Mediators. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1700240. [PMID: 29603288 PMCID: PMC6488019 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Precision cell signaling activities of reactive electrophilic species (RES) are arguably among the most poorly-understood means to transmit biological messages. Latest research implicates native RES to be a chemically-distinct subset of endogenous redox signals that influence cell decision making through non-enzyme-assisted modifications of specific proteins. Yet, fundamental questions remain regarding the role of RES as bona fide second messengers. Here, we lay out three sets of criteria we feel need to be met for RES to be considered as true cellular signals that directly mediate information transfer by modifying "first-responding" sensor proteins. We critically assess the available evidence and define the extent to which each criterion has been fulfilled. Finally, we offer some ideas on the future trajectories of the electrophile signaling field taking inspiration from work that has been done to understand canonical signaling mediators. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/rG7o0clVP0c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse R. Poganik
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Marcus J. C. Long
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yimon Aye
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Biochemistry Weill Cornell Medicine New York, NY 10065, USA
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14
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Rodríguez-Pulido A, Torra J, Mejías SH, Cortajarena AL, Ruiz-González R, Nonell S, Flors C. Fluorescent Flavoprotein Heterodimers: Combining Photostability with Singlet Oxygen Generation. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rodríguez-Pulido
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanoscience) and; Nanobiotechnology Unit Associated to the National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC); C/ Faraday 9 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Joaquim Torra
- Institut Químic de Sarrià; Universitat Ramon Llull; Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Sara H. Mejías
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanoscience) and; Nanobiotechnology Unit Associated to the National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC); C/ Faraday 9 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Aitziber L. Cortajarena
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanoscience) and; Nanobiotechnology Unit Associated to the National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC); C/ Faraday 9 28049 Madrid Spain
- CIC biomaGUNE; Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián; Paseo de Miramón 182 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science; Mª Díaz de Haro 3 48013 Bilbao Spain
| | - Rubén Ruiz-González
- Institut Químic de Sarrià; Universitat Ramon Llull; Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià; Universitat Ramon Llull; Via Augusta 390 08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Cristina Flors
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanoscience) and; Nanobiotechnology Unit Associated to the National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC); C/ Faraday 9 28049 Madrid Spain
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15
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Kwon S, Lee Y, Jung Y, Kim JH, Baek B, Lim B, Lee J, Kim I, Lee J. Mitochondria-targeting indolizino[3,2-c]quinolines as novel class of photosensitizers for photodynamic anticancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 148:116-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Zhao Y, Long MJC, Wang Y, Zhang S, Aye Y. Ube2V2 Is a Rosetta Stone Bridging Redox and Ubiquitin Codes, Coordinating DNA Damage Responses. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4. [PMID: 29532025 PMCID: PMC5833000 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are the lingua franca of cellular communication. Most PTMs are enzyme-orchestrated. However, the reemergence of electrophilic drugs has ushered mining of unconventional/non-enzyme-catalyzed electrophile-signaling pathways. Despite the latest impetus toward harnessing kinetically and functionally privileged cysteines for electrophilic drug design, identifying these sensors remains challenging. Herein, we designed "G-REX"-a technique that allows controlled release of reactive electrophiles in vivo. Mitigating toxicity/off-target effects associated with uncontrolled bolus exposure, G-REX tagged first-responding innate cysteines that bind electrophiles under true kcat/Km conditions. G-REX identified two allosteric ubiquitin-conjugating proteins-Ube2V1/Ube2V2-sharing a novel privileged-sensor-cysteine. This non-enzyme-catalyzed-PTM triggered responses specific to each protein. Thus, G-REX is an unbiased method to identify novel functional cysteines. Contrasting conventional active-site/off-active-site cysteine-modifications that regulate target activity, modification of Ube2V2 allosterically hyperactivated its enzymatically active binding-partner Ube2N, promoting K63-linked client ubiquitination and stimulating H2AX-dependent DNA damage response. This work establishes Ube2V2 as a Rosetta-stone bridging redox and ubiquitin codes to guard genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology and Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry
Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Marcus J. C. Long
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology and Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry
Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Yiran Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology and Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry
Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology and Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry
Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Yimon Aye
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology and Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry
Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
- E-mail:
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17
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Runa S, Hussey M, Payne CK. Nanoparticle-Cell Interactions: Relevance for Public Health. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:1009-1016. [PMID: 29111728 PMCID: PMC5789389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b08650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles, especially metal oxide nanoparticles, are used in a wide range of commercial and industrial applications that result in direct human contact, such as titanium dioxide nanoparticles in paints, food colorings, and cosmetics, or indirectly through release of nanoparticle-containing materials into the environment. Workers who process nanoparticles for downstream applications are exposed to especially high concentrations of nanoparticles. For physical chemists, nanoparticles present an interesting area of study as the small size of nanoparticles changes the properties from that of the bulk material, leading to novel properties and reactivity. For the public health community, this reduction in particle size means that exposure limits and outcomes that were determined from bulk material properties are not necessarily valid. Informed determination of exposure limits requires a fundamental understanding of how nanoparticles interact with cells. This Feature Article highlights the areas of intersection between physical chemistry and public health in understanding nanoparticle-cell interactions, with a focus on titanium dioxide nanoparticles. It provides an overview of recent research examining the interaction of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with cells in the absence of UV light and provides recommendations for additional nanoparticle-cell research in which physical chemistry expertise could help to inform the public health community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Runa
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United
States
| | - Michael Hussey
- Rollins
School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Christine K. Payne
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United
States
- Parker
H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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18
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Long MC, Urul DA, Chawla S, Lin HY, Zhao Y, Haegele JA, Wang Y, Aye Y. Precision Electrophile Tagging in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biochemistry 2018; 57:216-220. [PMID: 28857552 PMCID: PMC5770885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adduction of an electrophile to privileged sensor proteins and the resulting phenotypically dominant responses are increasingly appreciated as being essential for metazoan health. Functional similarities between the biological electrophiles and electrophilic pharmacophores commonly found in covalent drugs further fortify the translational relevance of these small-molecule signals. Genetically encodable or small-molecule-based fluorescent reporters and redox proteomics have revolutionized the observation and profiling of cellular redox states and electrophile-sensor proteins, respectively. However, precision mapping between specific redox-modified targets and specific responses has only recently begun to be addressed, and systems tractable to both genetic manipulation and on-target redox signaling in vivo remain largely limited. Here we engineer transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans expressing functional HaloTagged fusion proteins and use this system to develop a generalizable light-controlled approach to tagging a prototypical electrophile-sensor protein with native electrophiles in vivo. The method circumvents issues associated with low uptake/distribution and toxicity/promiscuity. Given the validated success of C. elegans in aging studies, this optimized platform offers a new lens with which to scrutinize how on-target electrophile signaling influences redox-dependent life span regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus
J. C. Long
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Daniel A. Urul
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Shivansh Chawla
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hong-Yu Lin
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Joseph A. Haegele
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yiran Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yimon Aye
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
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19
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Blázquez-Castro A. Direct 1O 2 optical excitation: A tool for redox biology. Redox Biol 2017; 13:39-59. [PMID: 28570948 PMCID: PMC5451181 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular oxygen (O2) displays very interesting properties. Its first excited state, commonly known as singlet oxygen (1O2), is one of the so-called Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). It has been implicated in many redox processes in biological systems. For many decades its role has been that of a deleterious chemical species, although very positive clinical applications in the Photodynamic Therapy of cancer (PDT) have been reported. More recently, many ROS, and also 1O2, are in the spotlight because of their role in physiological signaling, like cell proliferation or tissue regeneration. However, there are methodological shortcomings to properly assess the role of 1O2 in redox biology with classical generation procedures. In this review the direct optical excitation of O2 to produce 1O2 will be introduced, in order to present its main advantages and drawbacks for biological studies. This photonic approach can provide with many interesting possibilities to understand and put to use ROS in redox signaling and in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Blázquez-Castro
- Department of Physics of Materials, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Formerly at Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS)/Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Long MJ, Lin HY, Parvez S, Zhao Y, Poganik JR, Huang P, Aye Y. β-TrCP1 Is a Vacillatory Regulator of Wnt Signaling. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:944-957.e7. [PMID: 28736239 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous hyperactivation of Wnt and antioxidant response (AR) are often observed during oncogenesis. However, it remains unclear how the β-catenin-driven Wnt and the Nrf2-driven AR mutually regulate each other. The situation is compounded because many players in these two pathways are redox sensors, rendering bolus redox signal-dosing methods uninformative. Herein we examine the ramifications of single-protein target-specific AR upregulation in various knockdown lines. Our data document that Nrf2/AR strongly inhibits β-catenin/Wnt. The magnitude and mechanism of this negative regulation are dependent on the direct interaction between β-catenin N terminus and β-TrCP1 (an antagonist of both Nrf2 and β-catenin), and independent of binding between Nrf2 and β-TrCP1. Intriguingly, β-catenin positively regulates AR. Because AR is a negative regulator of Wnt regardless of β-catenin N terminus, this switch of function is likely sufficient to establish a new Wnt/AR equilibrium during tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus John Long
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hong-Yu Lin
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Saba Parvez
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jesse Richard Poganik
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Paul Huang
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yimon Aye
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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21
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Lazarus LS, Esquer HJ, Benninghoff AD, Berreau LM. Sense and Release: A Thiol-Responsive Flavonol-Based Photonically Driven Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecule That Operates via a Multiple-Input AND Logic Gate. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9435-9438. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Livia S. Lazarus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Hector J. Esquer
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-4815, United States
| | - Abby D. Benninghoff
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-4815, United States
| | - Lisa M. Berreau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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Abstract
This Perspective delineates how redox signaling affects the activity of specific enzyme isoforms and how this property may be harnessed for rational drug design. Covalent drugs have resurged in recent years and several reports have extolled the general virtues of developing irreversible inhibitors. Indeed, many modern pharmaceuticals contain electrophilic appendages. Several invoke a warhead that hijacks active-site nucleophiles whereas others take advantage of spectator nucleophilic side chains that do not participate in enzymatic chemistry, but are poised to bind/react with electrophiles. The latest data suggest that innate electrophile sensing-which enables rapid reaction with an endogenous signaling electrophile-is a quintessential resource for the development of covalent drugs. For instance, based on recent work documenting isoform-specific electrophile sensing, isozyme non-specific drugs may be converted to isozyme-specific analogs by hijacking privileged first-responder electrophile-sensing cysteines. Because this approach targets functionally relevant cysteines, we can simultaneously harness previously untapped moonlighting roles of enzymes linked to redox sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yimon Aye
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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