1
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Hirano K, Sueda S. A fluorescence-based binding assay for proteins using the cell surface as a sensing platform. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:563-571. [PMID: 38091253 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00476-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis is very important for elucidating the functions of proteins because many proteins execute their functions in living cells by interacting with one another. In PPI analysis, methods using the sensor chips are widely employed to obtain quantitative data. However, these methods require that the target proteins be immobilized on the sensor chips, and the immobilization processes can affect the binding of the target proteins to their binding partners. In the present work, we propose a PPI analysis system in which the surface of the living cells is utilized as a sensing platform. In our approach, the target protein is displayed on the cell surface by expressing it as a fusion protein with a membrane protein, and the PPI analysis is then conducted by applying its binding partner labeled with a fluorescent dye to the cell surface. We have constructed a model of this binding analysis system using the interaction between biotin protein ligase (BPL) and biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP), where BCCP was displayed on the cell surface and BPL labeled with fluorescein was applied to the cell surface. Here, a red fluorescent protein, mApple, was attached to the C-terminus of the fusion protein of BCCP with a membrane protein. We evaluated the binding level of the labeled BPL by using the intensity ratios of fluorescence from fluorescein to that from mApple. We found that the binding level of the labeled BPL was stably evaluated at least across 60 min observation period and estimated the binding dissociation constant between BPL and BCCP by equilibrium analysis to be 0.33 ± 0.05 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Hirano
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, 820-8502, Japan
| | - Shinji Sueda
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, 820-8502, Japan.
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2
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Huang B, Wang K, Zhang J, Yan H, Zhao H, Han L, Han T, Tang BZ. Targeted and Long-Term Fluorescence Imaging of Plant Cytomembranes Using Main-Chain Charged Polyelectrolytes with Aggregation-Induced Emission. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38349972 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent polyelectrolytes have attracted tremendous attention due to their unique properties and wide applications. However, current research objects of fluorescent polyelectrolytes mainly focus on side-chain charged polyelectrolytes, and the applications of polyelectrolytes in plant cytomembrane imaging with long time and high specificity still remain challenging. Herein, long-time and targeted fluorescence imaging of plant cytomembranes was achieved for the first time using main-chain charged polyelectrolytes (MCCPs) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE). A series of MCCPs were designed and synthesized, among which the red-emissive and AIE-active MCCP with a triphenylamine linker and a cyano group around the cationic ring-fused heterocyclic core showed the best fluorescence imaging performance of plant cells. Unlike other MCCPs and its neutral form of polymer, this cyano-substituted conjugated polyelectrolyte can specifically target the cytomembrane of plant cells within a short staining time with many advantages, including wash-free staining, high photostability and imaging integrity, excellent durability (at least 12 h), and low biotoxicity. In addition to onion epidermal cells, this AIE fluorescence probe also shows good imaging capabilities for other kinds of plant cells such as Glycine max and Vigna radiata. Such an AIE-active MCCP-based imaging system provides an effective design strategy to develop fluorescence probes with high specificity and long-term imaging ability toward plant plasma membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojian Huang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jinchuan Zhang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Hewei Yan
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lei Han
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ting Han
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
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3
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Tsuda N, Fukagawa R, Sueda S. Does the nuclear envelope retain its identity during mitosis? FEBS Lett 2023; 597:682-692. [PMID: 36528783 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During mitosis in metazoan species, the nuclear envelope (NE) undergoes breakdown, and its fragments are absorbed within the membranous network of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Past observations by fluorescence microscopy led researchers to think that the NE loses its identity when it is absorbed within the ER membrane. However, in our previous work, we developed a more specific labelling method and found evidence that the NE does not completely lose its identity during mitosis. In the present work, we conduct further experiments, the results of which support the idea that the NE partially retains its identity during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Tsuda
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Japan
| | - Ryohei Fukagawa
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Japan
| | - Shinji Sueda
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Japan
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4
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Zuo J, Zhu E, Yin W, Yao C, Liao J, Ping X, Zhu Y, Cai X, Rao Y, Feng H, Zhang K, Qian Z. Long-term spatiotemporal and highly specific imaging of the plasma membrane of diverse plant cells using a near-infrared AIE probe. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2139-2148. [PMID: 36845931 PMCID: PMC9945320 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05727a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent probes are valuable tools to visualize plasma membranes intuitively and clearly and their related physiological processes in a spatiotemporal manner. However, most existing probes have only realized the specific staining of the plasma membranes of animal/human cells within a very short time period, while almost no fluorescent probes have been developed for the long-term imaging of the plasma membranes of plant cells. Herein, we designed an AIE-active probe with NIR emission to achieve four-dimensional spatiotemporal imaging of the plasma membranes of plant cells based on a collaboration approach involving multiple strategies, demonstrated long-term real-time monitoring of morphological changes of plasma membranes for the first time, and further proved its wide applicability to plant cells of different types and diverse plant species. In the design concept, three effective strategies including the similarity and intermiscibility principle, antipermeability strategy and strong electrostatic interactions were combined to allow the probe to specifically target and anchor the plasma membrane for an ultralong amount of time on the premise of guaranteeing its sufficiently high aqueous solubility. The designed APMem-1 can quickly penetrate cell walls to specifically stain the plasma membranes of all plant cells in a very short time with advanced features (ultrafast staining, wash-free, and desirable biocompatibility) and the probe shows excellent plasma membrane specificity without staining other areas of the cell in comparison to commercial FM dyes. The longest imaging time of APMem-1 can be up to 10 h with comparable performance in both imaging contrast and imaging integrity. The validation experiments on different types of plant cells and diverse plants convincingly proved the universality of APMem-1. The development of plasma membrane probes with four-dimensional spatial and ultralong-term imaging ability provides a valuable tool to monitor the dynamic processes of plasma membrane-related events in an intuitive and real-time manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zuo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University Yingbin Road 688 Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Engao Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University Yingbin Road 688 Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Wenjing Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University Yingbin Road 688 Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Chuangye Yao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University Yingbin Road 688 Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Jiajia Liao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University Yingbin Road 688 Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Xinni Ping
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University Yingbin Road 688 Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Yuqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University Yingbin Road 688 Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Xuting Cai
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University Yingbin Road 688 Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Yuchun Rao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University Yingbin Road 688 Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Hui Feng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University Yingbin Road 688 Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University Yingbin Road 688 Jinhua 321004 China
| | - Zhaosheng Qian
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University Yingbin Road 688 Jinhua 321004 China
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5
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Wu RS, Lin YS, Nain A, Unnikrishnan B, Lin YF, Yang CR, Chen TH, Huang YF, Huang CC, Chang HT. Evaluation of chemotherapeutic response in living cells using subcellular Organelle‒Selective amphipathic carbon dots. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 211:114362. [PMID: 35617797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of structural changes in subcellular organelles is critical to evaluate the chemotherapeutic response of cells. However, commercial organelle selective fluorophores are easily photobleached, and thus are unsuitable for real-time and long-term observation. We have developed photostable carbon-dot liposomes (CDsomes)-based fluorophores for organellar and suborganellar imaging to circumvent these issues. The CDs synthesized through a mild pyrolysis/hydrolysis process exhibit amphipathic nature and underwent self-assembly to form liposome-like structures (CDsomes). The controlled hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity-guided preparation of CDsomes are used to selectively and rapidly (<1 min) stain nucleolus, cytoplasm, and membrane. In addition, the CDsomes offer universal high-contrast staining not only in fixed cells but also in living cells, allowing real-time observation and morphological identification in the specimen. The as-prepared CDsomes exhibit excitation-dependent fluorescence, and are much more stable under photoirradiation (e.g., ultraviolet light) than traditional subcellular dyes. Interestingly, the CDsomes can be transferred to daughter cells by diluting the particles, enabling multigenerational tracking of suborganelle for up to six generations, without interrupting the staining pattern. Therefore, we believe that the ultra-photostable CDsomes with high biocompatibility, and long-term suborganellar imaging capabilities, hold a great potential for screening and evaluating therapeutic performance of various chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Siang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Syuan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Amit Nain
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Binesh Unnikrishnan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ruei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Heng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fen Huang
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Ching Huang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Tsung Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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6
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E S, He C, Wang JH, Mao Q, Chen X. Tunable Organelle Imaging by Rational Design of Carbon Dots and Utilization of Uptake Pathways. ACS NANO 2021; 15:14465-14474. [PMID: 34498468 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Employing one-step hydrothermal treatment of o-phenylenediamine and lysine to exploit their self- and copolymerization, four kinds of CDs (ECDs, NCDs, GCDs, and LCDs) are synthesized, possessing different surface groups (CH3, C-O-C, NH2, and COOH) and lipophilicity which endow them with various uptake pathways to achieve tunable organelle imaging. Specifically, highly lipophilic ECDs with CH3 group and NCDs with C-O-C group select passive manner to target to endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus, respectively. Amphiphilic GCDs with CH3, C-O-C and NH2 groups prefer caveolin-mediated endocytosis to locate at Golgi apparatus. Highly hydrophilic LCDs with CH3, NH2 and COOH groups are involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis to localize in lysosomes. Besides, imaging results of cell division, three-dimensional reconstruction and living zebrafish demonstrate that the obtained CDs are promising potential candidates for specific organelle-targeting imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang E
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Chuang He
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Quanxing Mao
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Xuwei Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Box 332, Shenyang 110819, China
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7
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Fluorescent Labeling of the Nuclear Envelope Without Relying on Inner Nuclear Membrane Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2274:3-14. [PMID: 34050457 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1258-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE), a double membrane that separates nuclear components from the cytoplasm, undergoes a breakdown and reformation during cell division. To trace NE dynamics, the NE needs to be labeled with a fluorescent marker, and for this purpose, markers based on inner nuclear membrane (INM) proteins are normally used. However, NE labeling with INM proteins has some limitations. Here, we introduce a protocol for fluorescent labeling and imaging of NE that does not rely on INM proteins, along with protocols for simultaneously imaging two nuclear components and for time-lapse imaging of labeled cells.
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8
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Sueda S. Enzyme-based protein-tagging systems for site-specific labeling of proteins in living cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 69:156-166. [PMID: 32166307 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Various protein-labeling methods based on the specific interactions between genetically encoded tags and synthetic probes have been proposed to complement fluorescent protein-based labeling. In particular, labeling methods based on enzyme reactions have been intensively developed by taking advantage of the highly specific interactions between enzymes and their substrates. In this approach, the peptides or proteins are genetically attached to the target proteins as a tag, and the various labels are then incorporated into the tags by enzyme reactions with the substrates carrying those labels. On the other hand, we have been developing an enzyme-based protein-labeling system distinct from the existing ones. In our system, the substrate protein is attached to the target proteins as a tag, and the labels are incorporated into the tag by post-translational modification with an enzyme carrying those labels followed by tight complexation between the enzyme and the substrate protein. In this review, I summarize the enzyme-based protein-labeling systems with a focus on several typical methods and then describe our labeling system based on tight complexation between the enzyme and the substrate protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Sueda
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka 820-8502, Japan.,Research Center for Bio-microsensing Technology, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensui-cho, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan
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