1
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Póti ÁL, Dénes L, Papp K, Bató C, Bánóczi Z, Reményi A, Alexa A. Phosphorylation-Assisted Luciferase Complementation Assay Designed to Monitor Kinase Activity and Kinase-Domain-Mediated Protein-Protein Binding. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14854. [PMID: 37834301 PMCID: PMC10573712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases are key regulators of cell signaling and have been important therapeutic targets for three decades. ATP-competitive drugs directly inhibit the activity of kinases but these enzymes work as part of complex protein networks in which protein-protein interactions (often referred to as kinase docking) may govern a more complex activation pattern. Kinase docking is indispensable for many signaling disease-relevant Ser/Thr kinases and it is mediated by a dedicated surface groove on the kinase domain which is distinct from the substrate-binding pocket. Thus, interfering with kinase docking provides an alternative strategy to control kinases. We describe activity sensors developed for p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs: ERK, p38, and JNK) whose substrate phosphorylation is known to depend on kinase-docking-groove-mediated protein-protein binding. The in vitro assays were based on fragment complementation of the NanoBit luciferase, which is facilitated upon substrate motif phosphorylation. The new phosphorylation-assisted luciferase complementation (PhALC) sensors are highly selective and the PhALC assay is a useful tool for the quantitative analysis of kinase activity or kinase docking, and even for high-throughput screening of academic compound collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám L. Póti
- Biomolecular Interactions Research Group, HUN-REN Research Center for Natural Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laura Dénes
- Biomolecular Interactions Research Group, HUN-REN Research Center for Natural Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Papp
- Biomolecular Interactions Research Group, HUN-REN Research Center for Natural Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Bató
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Bánóczi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Reményi
- Biomolecular Interactions Research Group, HUN-REN Research Center for Natural Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Alexa
- Biomolecular Interactions Research Group, HUN-REN Research Center for Natural Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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2
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Motiei L, Margulies D. Molecules that Generate Fingerprints: A New Class of Fluorescent Sensors for Chemical Biology, Medical Diagnosis, and Cryptography. Acc Chem Res 2023. [PMID: 37335975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusFluorescent molecular sensors, often referred to as "turn-on" or "turn-off" fluorescent probes, are synthetic agents that change their fluorescence signal in response to analyte binding. Although these sensors have become powerful analytical tools in a wide range of research fields, they are generally limited to detecting only one or a few analytes. Pattern-generating fluorescent probes, which can generate unique identification (ID) fingerprints for different analytes, have recently emerged as a new class of luminescent sensors that can address this limitation. A unique characteristic of these probes, termed ID-probes, is that they integrate the qualities of conventional small-molecule-based fluorescent sensors and cross-reactive sensor arrays (often referred to as chemical, optical, or electronic noses/tongues). On the one hand, ID-probes can discriminate between various analytes and their combinations, akin to array-based analytical devices. On the other hand, their minute size enables them to analyze small-volume samples, track dynamic changes in a single solution, and operate in the microscopic world, which the macroscopic arrays cannot access.Here, we describe the principles underlying the ID-probe technology, as well as provide an overview of different ID-probes that have been developed to date and the ways they can be applied to a wide range of research fields. We describe, for example, ID-probes that can identify combinations of protein biomarkers in biofluids and in living cells, screen for several protein inhibitors simultaneously, analyze the content of Aβ aggregates, as well as ensure the quality of small-molecule and biological drugs. These examples highlight the relevance of this technology to medical diagnosis, bioassay development, cell and chemical biology, and pharmaceutical quality assurance, among others. ID-probes that can authorize users and protect secret data are also presented and the mechanisms that enable them to hide (steganography), encrypt (cryptography), and prevent access to (password protection) information are discussed.The versatility of this technology is further demonstrated by describing two types of probes: unimolecular ID-probes and self-assembled ID-probes. Probes from the first type can operate inside living cells, be recycled, and their initial patterns can be more easily obtained in a reproducible manner. The second type of probes can be readily modified and optimized, allowing one to prepare various different probes from a much wider range of fluorescent reporters and supramolecular recognition elements. Taken together, these developments indicate that the ID-probe sensing methodology is generally applicable, and that such probes can better characterize analyte mixtures or process chemically encoded information than can the conventional fluorescent molecular sensors. We therefore hope that this review will inspire the development of new types of pattern-generating probes, which would extend the fluorescence molecular toolbox currently used in the analytical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Motiei
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - David Margulies
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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3
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Prasad PK, Eizenshtadt N, Goliand I, Fellus-Alyagor L, Oren R, Golani O, Motiei L, Margulies D. Chemically programmable bacterial probes for the recognition of cell surface proteins. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100669. [PMID: 37334185 PMCID: PMC10275978 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Common methods to label cell surface proteins (CSPs) involve the use of fluorescently modified antibodies (Abs) or small-molecule-based ligands. However, optimizing the labeling efficiency of such systems, for example, by modifying them with additional fluorophores or recognition elements, is challenging. Herein we show that effective labeling of CSPs overexpressed in cancer cells and tissues can be obtained with fluorescent probes based on chemically modified bacteria. The bacterial probes (B-probes) are generated by non-covalently linking a bacterial membrane protein to DNA duplexes appended with fluorophores and small-molecule binders of CSPs overexpressed in cancer cells. We show that B-probes are exceptionally simple to prepare and modify because they are generated from self-assembled and easily synthesized components, such as self-replicating bacterial scaffolds and DNA constructs that can be readily appended, at well-defined positions, with various types of dyes and CSP binders. This structural programmability enabled us to create B-probes that can label different types of cancer cells with distinct colors, as well as generate very bright B-probes in which the multiple dyes are spatially separated along the DNA scaffold to avoid self-quenching. This enhancement in the emission signal enabled us to label the cancer cells with greater sensitivity and follow the internalization of the B-probes into these cells. The potential to apply the design principles underlying B-probes in therapy or inhibitor screening is also discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragati K. Prasad
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Noa Eizenshtadt
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Inna Goliand
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Liat Fellus-Alyagor
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Roni Oren
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ofra Golani
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Leila Motiei
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - David Margulies
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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4
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Zeng L, Kaoud TS, Zamora-Olivares D, Bohanon AL, Li Y, Pridgen JR, Ekpo YE, Zhuang DL, Nye JR, Telles M, Winkler M, Rivera S, Marini F, Dalby KN, Anslyn EV. Multiplexing the Quantitation of MAP Kinase Activities Using Differential Sensing. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4017-4025. [PMID: 35195411 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases are therapeutic targets for many human diseases, but the lack of user-friendly quantitative assays limits the ability to follow the activities of numerous kinases at once (multiplexing). To develop such an assay, we report an array of sulfonamido-oxine (SOX)-labeled peptides showing cross-reactivity to different mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) for use in a differential sensing scheme. We first verified using linear discriminant analysis that the array could differentiate MAPK isoforms. Then, using principal component analysis, the array was optimized based on the discrimination imparted by each SOX-peptide. Next, the activity of individual MAPK families in ternary mixtures was quantified by support vector machine regression. Finally, we multiplexed the quantification of three MAPK families using partial least squares regression in A549 cell lysates, which has possible interference from other kinase classes. Thus, our method simultaneously quantifies the activity of multiple kinases. The technique could be applied to other protein kinase families and the monitoring of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Tamer S Kaoud
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Diana Zamora-Olivares
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,Texas Institute for Discovery Education in Science and Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Amanda L Bohanon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yiru Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jacey R Pridgen
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yakndara E Ekpo
- Texas Institute for Discovery Education in Science and Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Deborah L Zhuang
- Texas Institute for Discovery Education in Science and Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jessica R Nye
- Texas Institute for Discovery Education in Science and Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mitchell Telles
- Texas Institute for Discovery Education in Science and Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michelle Winkler
- Texas Institute for Discovery Education in Science and Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Sebastian Rivera
- Texas Institute for Discovery Education in Science and Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Federico Marini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Kevin N Dalby
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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5
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Chen M, Sun T, Zhong Y, Zhou X, Zhang J. A Highly Sensitive Fluorescent Akt Biosensor Reveals Lysosome-Selective Regulation of Lipid Second Messengers and Kinase Activity. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:2009-2020. [PMID: 34963894 PMCID: PMC8704034 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The serine/threonine protein kinase Akt regulates a wide range of cellular functions via phosphorylation of various substrates distributed throughout the cell, including at the plasma membrane and endomembrane compartments. Disruption of compartmentalized Akt signaling underlies the pathology of many diseases such as cancer and diabetes. However, the specific spatial organization of Akt activity and the underlying regulatory mechanisms, particularly the mechanism controlling its activity at the lysosome, are not clearly understood. We developed a highly sensitive excitation-ratiometric Akt activity reporter (ExRai-AktAR2), enabling the capture of minute changes in Akt activity dynamics at subcellular compartments. In conjunction with super-resolution expansion microscopy, we found that growth factor stimulation leads to increased colocalization of Akt with lysosomes and accumulation of lysosomal Akt activity. We further showed that 3-phosphoinositides (3-PIs) accumulate on the lysosomal surface, in a manner dependent on dynamin-mediated endocytosis. Importantly, lysosomal 3-PIs are needed for growth-factor-induced activities of Akt and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) on the lysosomal surface, as targeted depletion of 3-PIs has detrimental effects. Thus, 3-PIs, a class of critical lipid second messengers that are typically found in the plasma membrane, unexpectedly accumulate on the lysosomal membrane in response to growth factor stimulation, to direct the multifaceted kinase Akt to organize lysosome-specific signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Chen
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
San Diego, 9500 Gilman
Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Tengqian Sun
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of California,
San Diego, 9500 Gilman
Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yanghao Zhong
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of California,
San Diego, 9500 Gilman
Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Biomedical
Sciences Graduate Program, University of
California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of California,
San Diego, 9500 Gilman
Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
San Diego, 9500 Gilman
Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of California,
San Diego, 9500 Gilman
Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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6
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Davis AB, Ihde MH, Busenlehner AM, Davis DL, Mia R, Panella J, Fronczek FR, Bonizzoni M, Wallace KJ. Structural Features of a Family of Coumarin-Enamine Fluorescent Chemodosimeters for Ion Pairs. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:14238-14252. [PMID: 34470218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A family of coumarin-enamine chemodosimeters is evaluated for their potential use as fluorescent molecular probes for multiple analytes [cadmium(II), cobalt(II), copper(II), iron(II), nickel(II), lead(II), and zinc(II)], as their chloride and acetate salts. These fluorophores displayed excellent optical spectroscopic modulation when exposed to ion pairs with different Lewis acidic and basic properties in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The chemodosimeters were designed to undergo excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), which leads to significant Stokes shifts (ca. 225 nm) and lower-energy fluorescence emission (ca. 575 nm). A more basic anion, e.g., acetate, inhibited the ESIPT mechanism by deprotonation of the enol, producing a binding pocket (N^O- chelate) that can coordinate to an appropriate metal ion. Coordination of the metal ions enhances the fluorescent intensity via the chelation-enhanced fluorescence emission mechanism. Subjecting the spectroscopic data to linear discriminant analysis provided insights into the source of these systems' markedly different behavior toward ion pairs, despite the subtle structural differences in the organic framework. These compounds are examples of versatile, low-molecular-weight, dual-channel fluorescent sensors for ion-pair recognition. This study paves the way for using these probes as practical components of a sensing array for different metal ions and their respective anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron B Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406 United States
| | - Michael H Ihde
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Alie M Busenlehner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Dana L Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406 United States
| | - Rashid Mia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406 United States
| | - Jessica Panella
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406 United States
| | - Frank R Fronczek
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Marco Bonizzoni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States.,Alabama Water Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0206, United States
| | - Karl J Wallace
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406 United States
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7
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Crook AA, Zamora-Olivares D, Bhinderwala F, Woods J, Winkler M, Rivera S, Shannon CE, Wagner HR, Zhuang DL, Lynch JE, Berryhill NR, Runnebaum RC, Anslyn EV, Powers R. Combination of two analytical techniques improves wine classification by Vineyard, Region, and vintage. Food Chem 2021; 354:129531. [PMID: 33756314 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Three important wine parameters: vineyard, region, and vintage year, were evaluated using fifteen Vitis vinifera L. 'Pinot noir' wines derived from the same scion clone (Pinot noir 667). These wines were produced from two vintage years (2015 and 2016) and eight different regions along the Pacific Coast of the United States. We successfully improved the classification of the selected Pinot noir wines by combining an untargeted 1D 1H NMR analysis with a targeted peptide based differential sensing array. NMR spectroscopy was used to evaluate the chemical fingerprint of the wines, whereas the peptide-based sensing array is known to mimic the senses of taste, smell, and palate texture by characterizing the phenolic profile. Multivariate and univariate statistical analyses of the combined NMR and differential sensing array dataset classified the genetically identical Pinot noir wines on the basis of distinctive metabolic signatures associated with the region of growth, vineyard, and vintage year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A Crook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 65888, United States
| | - Diana Zamora-Olivares
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Texas Institute for Discovery Education in Science and Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Fatema Bhinderwala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 65888, United States; Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588, United States; Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Jade Woods
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 65888, United States
| | - Michelle Winkler
- Texas Institute for Discovery Education in Science and Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Sebastian Rivera
- Texas Institute for Discovery Education in Science and Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Cassandra E Shannon
- Texas Institute for Discovery Education in Science and Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Holden R Wagner
- Texas Institute for Discovery Education in Science and Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Deborah L Zhuang
- Texas Institute for Discovery Education in Science and Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Jessica E Lynch
- Texas Institute for Discovery Education in Science and Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Nathan R Berryhill
- Texas Institute for Discovery Education in Science and Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Ron C Runnebaum
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 65888, United States; Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588, United States.
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8
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Ihde MH, Pridmore CF, Bonizzoni M. Pattern-Based Recognition Systems: Overcoming the Problem of Mixtures. Anal Chem 2020; 92:16213-16220. [PMID: 33259192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The transformative potential of pattern-based sensing techniques is often hampered by their difficulty in dealing with mixtures of analytes, a drawback that severely limits the applications of this sensing approach (the "problem of mixtures"). We show here that this is not an intrinsic limitation of the pattern sensing method. Indeed, we developed general guidelines for the design of the sensing, signal detection, and data interpretation methods to avoid this constraint, which resulted in chemical fingerprinting systems capable of recognizing unknown mixtures of analytes in a single experiment, without separation or pre-treatment before data acquisition. In support of these design principles, we report their successful application to an important analytical problem, metal ion discrimination and quantitation, by constructing a sensor array that provided a linear colorimetric response over a wide range of analyte concentrations. The resulting data set was interpreted using common multivariate data processing algorithms to achieve quantitative identification and concentration determination for pure and mixture samples, with excellent predictive ability on unknowns. Separation and detection methods for analyte mixtures, normally envisioned as independent processes, were successfully integrated in a single system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Ihde
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, P.O. Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Cara F Pridmore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, P.O. Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Marco Bonizzoni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, P.O. Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States.,Alabama Water Institute, P.O. Box 870206, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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9
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Casey GR, Stains CI. A fluorescent probe for monitoring PTP-PEST enzymatic activity. Analyst 2020; 145:6713-6718. [PMID: 32812952 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00993h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase non-receptor type 12 (PTPN12 or PTP-PEST) is a critical regulator of cell migration, acting as a tumor suppressor in cancer. Decreases in PTP-PEST expression correlate with aggressive phenotypes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite the importance of PTP-PEST in cellular signaling, methods to directly monitor its enzymatic activity are lacking. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and optimization of a probe to directly monitor PTP-PEST enzymatic activity via a fluorescent readout. This activity sensor, termed pPEST1tide, is capable of detecting as little as 0.2 nM recombinant PTP-PEST. In addition, we demonstrate that this probe can selectively report on PTP-PEST activity using a panel of potential off-target enzymes. In the long-term, this activity probe could be utilized to identify small molecule modulators of PTP-PEST activity as well as provide a prognostic readout for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett R Casey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
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10
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Martynko E, Kirsanov D. Application of Chemometrics in Biosensing: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E100. [PMID: 32824611 PMCID: PMC7460467 DOI: 10.3390/bios10080100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The field of biosensing is rapidly developing, and the number of novel sensor architectures and different sensing elements is growing fast. One of the most important features of all biosensors is their very high selectivity stemming from the use of bioreceptor recognition elements. The typical calibration of a biosensor requires simple univariate regression to relate a response value with an analyte concentration. Nevertheless, dealing with complex real-world sample matrices may sometimes lead to undesired interference effects from various components. This is where chemometric tools can do a good job in extracting relevant information, improving selectivity, circumventing a non-linearity in a response. This brief review aims to discuss the motivation for the application of chemometric tools in biosensing and provide some examples of such applications from the recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmitry Kirsanov
- Applied Chemometrics Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 198504 Peterhoff, Russia;
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