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Yang H, Wang J, Wang X, Wang S, Xu J, Shan Q, Wang J, Ma X, Zhu Y. Nanofiber Peptides for Bacterial Trapping: A Novel Approach to Antibiotic Alternatives in Wound Infections. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304657. [PMID: 38607802 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The pervasive employment of antibiotics has engendered the advent of drug-resistant bacteria, imperiling the well-being and health of both humans and animals. Infections precipitated by such multi-resistant bacteria, especially those induced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), pervade hospital settings, constituting a grave menace to patient vitality. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have garnered considerable attention as a potent countermeasure against multidrug resistant bacteria. In preceding research endeavors, an insect-derived antimicrobial peptide is identified that, while possessing antimicrobial attributes, manifested suboptimal efficacy against drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. To ameliorate this issue, this work enhances the antimicrobial capabilities of the initial β-hairpin AMPs by substituting the structural sequence of the original AMPs with variant lengths of hydrophobic amino acid-hydrophilic amino acid repeat units. Throughout this endeavor, this work has identified a number of peptides that possess highly effective antibacterial characteristics against a wide range of bacteria. Additionally, some of these peptides have the ability to self-assemble into nanofibers, which then build networks in a distinctive manner to capture bacteria. Consequently, they represent prospective antibiotic alternatives for addressing wound infections engendered by drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiufeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jieru Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiang Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaohong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China
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2
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Pretorius E, Kell DB. A Perspective on How Fibrinaloid Microclots and Platelet Pathology May be Applied in Clinical Investigations. Semin Thromb Hemost 2024; 50:537-551. [PMID: 37748515 PMCID: PMC11105946 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1774796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Microscopy imaging has enabled us to establish the presence of fibrin(ogen) amyloid (fibrinaloid) microclots in a range of chronic, inflammatory diseases. Microclots may also be induced by a variety of purified substances, often at very low concentrations. These molecules include bacterial inflammagens, serum amyloid A, and the S1 spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Here, we explore which of the properties of these microclots might be used to contribute to differential clinical diagnoses and prognoses of the various diseases with which they may be associated. Such properties include distributions in their size and number before and after the addition of exogenous thrombin, their spectral properties, the diameter of the fibers of which they are made, their resistance to proteolysis by various proteases, their cross-seeding ability, and the concentration dependence of their ability to bind small molecules including fluorogenic amyloid stains. Measuring these microclot parameters, together with microscopy imaging itself, along with methodologies like proteomics and imaging flow cytometry, as well as more conventional assays such as those for cytokines, might open up the possibility of a much finer use of these microclot properties in generative methods for a future where personalized medicine will be standard procedures in all clotting pathology disease diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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3
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Stepanchuk AA, Stys PK. Spectral Fluorescence Pathology of Protein Misfolding Disorders. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:898-908. [PMID: 38407017 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein misfolding has been extensively studied in the context of neurodegenerative disorders and systemic amyloidoses. Due to misfolding and aggregation of proteins being highly heterogeneous and generating a variety of structures, a growing body of evidence illustrates numerous ways how the aggregates contribute to progression of diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and prion disorders. Different misfolded species of the same protein, commonly referred to as strains, appear to play a significant role in shaping the disease clinical phenotype and clinical progression. The distinct toxicity profiles of various misfolded proteins underscore their importance. Current diagnostics struggle to differentiate among these strains early in the disease course. This review explores the potential of spectral fluorescence approaches to illuminate the complexities of protein misfolding pathology and discusses the applications of advanced spectral methods in the detection and characterization of protein misfolding disorders. By examining spectrally variable probes, current data analysis approaches, and important considerations for the use of these techniques, this review aims to provide an overview of the progress made in this field and highlights directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia A Stepanchuk
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Peter K Stys
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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Padala S, Setti S, Raymick J, Hanig J, Sarkar S. Evaluation and Characterization of Modified K114 Method to Localize Plaques in Rodent and Plaques and Tangles in Human Brain Tissue. Curr Alzheimer Res 2024; 21:69-80. [PMID: 38566375 DOI: 10.2174/0115672050295561240327055835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A plethora of studies has shown the utility of several chemical dyes due to their affinity to bind Aβ to enable visualization of plaques under light or fluorescence microscope, and some of them showed affinity to bind neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) as well. However, only a few of them have the propensity to bind both senile plaques (SP) and NFT simultaneously. OBJECTIVE In our current study, we aimed to modify the K114 dye and the staining procedure to substantially improve the staining of amyloid plaques in both human and rodent brains and neurofibrillary tangles in the human brain. METHODS We modified the K114 solution and the staining procedure using Sudan Black as a modifier. Additionally, to evaluate the target of the modified K114, we performed double labeling of K114 and increased Aβ against three different epitopes. We used 5 different antibodies to detect phosphorylated tau to understand the specific targets that modified K114 binds. RESULTS Dual labeling using hyperphosphorylated antibodies against AT8, pTau, and TNT1 revealed that more than 80% hyperphosphorylated tau colocalized with tangles that were positive for modified K114, whereas more than 70% of the hyperphosphorylated tau colocalized with modified K114. On the other hand, more than 80% of the plaques that were stained with Aβ MOAB-2 were colocalized with modified K114. CONCLUSION Our modified method can label amyloid plaques within 5 min in the rat brain and within 20 min in the human brain. Our results indicated that modified K114 could be used as a valuable tool for detecting amyloid plaques and tangles with high contrast and resolution relative to other conventional fluorescence markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Padala
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR72079, USA
| | - Sharay Setti
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR72079, USA
| | - James Raymick
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR72079, USA
| | - Joseph Hanig
- Office of Testing & Research, Center for Drug Evaluation Research/FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sumit Sarkar
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR72079, USA
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Stepanchuk AA, Stys PK. Amyloid dye pairs as spectral sensors for enhanced detection and differentiation of misfolded proteins. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 248:112786. [PMID: 37742497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Protein misfolding with subsequent formation of cross-β-sheet-rich fibrils is a well-known pathological hallmark of various neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent evidence suggests that specific protein conformations may be the primary drivers of disease progression, differentiation of which remains a challenge with conventional methods. We have previously described a unique phenomenon of light-induced fluorescence enhancement and spectral changes of the amyloid dyes K114 and BSB, and demonstrated its utility in characterizing different amyloid fibrils. In this study, we further characterize and explore the potential of photoconversion, coupled with dual-probe staining, for improved detection of heterogeneity of amyloids using silk fibers and 5xFAD mouse brain sections. BSB and K114 were paired with either Nile Red or MCAAD-3, aiming to increase the sensitivity and specificity of staining and misfolded protein detection via complementary binding and FRET. Principal component analysis of spectral data revealed significant differences between various amyloids, and was able to detect subtle amyloid pathology in the 5xFAD mouse background brain parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia A Stepanchuk
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Peter K Stys
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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6
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Chen Y. Two-Photon Fluorescent Probes for Amyloid-β Plaques Imaging In Vivo. Molecules 2023; 28:6184. [PMID: 37687013 PMCID: PMC10488448 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide deposition, hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, reactive astrocytes, high levels of metal ions, and upregulated monoamine oxidases are considered to be the primary pathological markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among them, Aβ peptide deposition or Aβ plaques, is regarded as the initial factor in the pathogenesis of AD and a critical pathological hallmark in AD. This review highlights recently Aβ-specific fluorescent probes for two-photon imaging of Aβ plaques in vivo. It includes the synthesis and detection mechanism of probes, as well as their application to two-photon imaging of Aβ plaques in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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7
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Brandt PJ, Stepanchuk AA, Andonegui G, Benediktsson H, Stys PK, Muruve DA. Detection and Typing of Renal Amyloidosis by Fluorescence Spectroscopy Using the Environmentally Sensitive Fluorophore K114. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:221-227. [PMID: 35857157 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01754-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate that spectral analysis using the K114 fluorophore can detect and differentiate AL and AA renal amyloidosis. PROCEDURES Kidney biopsies from patients with AL amyloidosis, AA amyloidosis, and normal samples with no evident pathology were stained with Congo Red and K114. The specimens were imaged on a spectral confocal microscope. RESULTS Congo Red displayed homogeneous spectra across the three tissue types while K114 chromatically distinguished between normal tissue, AL amyloid, and AA amyloid. Additionally, Congo Red displayed an increased risk of false positive staining compared to K114. Spectral phasors computed from K114-stained tissue sections quantitatively differentiated the three tissue types. K114-stained amyloid deposits displayed a significantly greater increase in brightness after 50 images acquired in rapid succession compared to normal tissue. Quantitative analysis of intensity changes in the background of diseased tissue also differentiated AL and AA amyloid samples, suggesting widespread amyloid deposition. Both amyloid and the backgrounds of diseased samples red-shifted while normal tissue blue-shifted in response to repeated imaging, supporting this theory. CONCLUSIONS K114 staining of renal biopsies is a promising technique to detect and differentiate types of renal amyloidosis. Due to the advantages this method has over traditional Congo Red staining, the techniques presented here warrant further development for potential use in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula J Brandt
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anastasiia A Stepanchuk
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Graciela Andonegui
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Hallgrimur Benediktsson
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Peter K Stys
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel A Muruve
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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8
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Vasilev DS, Dubrovskaya NМ, Tumanova NL, Nalivaeva NN. Analysis of Expression of the Amyloid-Degrading Enzyme Neprilysin in Brain Structures of 5xFAD Transgenic Mice. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Black SAG, Stepanchuk AA, Templeton GW, Hernandez Y, Ota T, Roychoudhury S, Smith EE, Barber PA, Ismail Z, Fischer K, Zwiers A, Poulin MJ, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Stys PK, Tsutsui S. Diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease from Circulating Blood Leukocytes Using a Fluorescent Amyloid Probe. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:1721-1734. [PMID: 34958041 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides aggregate into higher molecular weight assemblies and accumulate not only in the extracellular space, but also in the walls of blood vessels in the brain, increasing their permeability, and promoting immune cell migration and activation. Given the prominent role of the immune system, phagocytic blood cells may contact pathological brain materials. OBJECTIVE To develop a novel method for early Alzheimer's disease (AD) detection, we used blood leukocytes, that could act as "sentinels" after trafficking through the brain microvasculature, to detect pathological amyloid by labelling with a conformationally-sensitive fluorescent amyloid probe and imaging with confocal spectral microscopy. METHODS Formalin-fixed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from cognitively healthy control (HC) subjects, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD patients were stained with the fluorescent amyloid probe K114, and imaged. Results were validated against cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and clinical diagnosis. RESULTS K114-labeled leukocytes exhibited distinctive fluorescent spectral signatures in MCI/AD subjects. Comparing subjects with single CSF biomarker-positive AD/MCI to negative controls, our technique yielded modest AUCs, which improved to the 0.90 range when only MCI subjects were included in order to measure performance in an early disease state. Combining CSF Aβ 42 and t-Tau metrics further improved the AUC to 0.93. CONCLUSION Our method holds promise for sensitive detection of AD-related protein misfolding in circulating leukocytes, particularly in the early stages of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie A G Black
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada.,Amira Medical Technologies Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anastasiia A Stepanchuk
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada
| | | | - Yda Hernandez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada
| | - Tomoko Ota
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada
| | - Shyamosree Roychoudhury
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada
| | - Eric E Smith
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada
| | - Philip A Barber
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada.,Calgary Stroke Program, Seaman Family MR Center, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Radiology, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary AB, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada
| | - Zahinoor Ismail
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, and the Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada.,O'Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada
| | - Karyn Fischer
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada
| | - Angela Zwiers
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada
| | - Marc J Poulin
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada.,O'Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter K Stys
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada
| | - Shigeki Tsutsui
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada.,Amira Medical Technologies Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada
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Stepanchuk AA, Joseph JT, Stys PK. Spectral photokinetic conversion of the fluorescent probes BSB and K114 for improved detection of amyloid assemblies. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202100203. [PMID: 34499422 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cross-β-sheet-rich protein fibrils are infamous for their accumulation in the brains of patients diagnosed with a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Disease-relevant fibrils are a result of deviation of the proteins from their native structure to a misfolded state resulting in aggregation and formation of fibrils. In this study, we explored the phenomenon of light-induced fluorescence enhancement of amyloid assemblies stained with two amyloid probes (BSB and K114) using Bombyx mori silk and human AD brain sections. The photoconversion effect, accompanied by an increase in fluorescence intensity and spectral blue-shift, was highly dependent on the chemical structures of the dyes, pH, presence of glycerol and the type of amyloid. The degree of intensity and spectral change over time in response to high laser exposure were quantified and analyzed using custom-written analysis tools. Our findings provide further insight into possible mechanisms of amyloid-mediated photoconversion kinetics of K114 and BSB, and may provide more insight into the molecular nature of various amyloid assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia A Stepanchuk
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T Joseph
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter K Stys
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Stepanchuk AA, Barber PA, Lashley T, Joseph JT, Stys PK. Quantitative detection of grey and white matter amyloid pathology using a combination of K114 and CRANAD-3 fluorescence. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 161:105540. [PMID: 34751140 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that exacts a huge toll on the patient, the healthcare system and society in general. Abundance and morphology of protein aggregates such as amyloid β plaques and tau tangles, along with cortical atrophy and gliosis are used as measures to assess the changes in the brain induced by the disease. Not all of these parameters have a direct correlation with cognitive decline. Studies have shown that only particular protein conformers can be the main drivers of disease progression, and conventional approaches are unable to distinguish different conformations of disease-relevant proteins. METHODS AND RESULTS Using the fluorescent amyloid probes K114 and CRANAD-3 and spectral confocal microscopy, we examined formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded brain samples from different control and AD cases. Based on the emission spectra of the probes used in this study, we found that certain spectral signatures can be correlated with different aggregates formed by different proteins. The combination of spectral imaging and advanced image analysis tools allowed us to detect variability of protein deposits across the samples. CONCLUSION Our proposed method offers a quicker and easier neuropathological assessment of tissue samples, as well as introducing an additional parameter by which protein aggregates can be discriminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia A Stepanchuk
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Philip A Barber
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey T Joseph
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Peter K Stys
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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