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Li J, Orsi DL, Engers JL, Long MF, Capstick RA, Maurer MA, Presley CC, Vinson PN, Rodriguez AL, Han A, Cho HP, Chang S, Jackson M, Bubser M, Blobaum AL, Boutaud O, Nader MA, Niswender CM, Conn PJ, Jones CK, Lindsley CW, Han C. Development of VU6036864: A Triazolopyridine-Based High-Quality Antagonist Tool Compound of the M 5 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39105778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
While the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mAChR subtype 5 (M5) has been studied over decades, recent findings suggest that more in-depth research is required to elucidate a thorough understanding of its physiological function related to neurological and psychiatric disorders. Our efforts to identify potent, selective, and pharmaceutically favorable next-generation M5 antagonist tool compounds have led to the discovery of a novel triazolopyridine-based series. In particular, VU6036864 (45) showed exquisite potency (human M5 IC50 = 20 nM), good subtype selectivity (>500 fold selectivity against human M1-4), desirable brain exposure (Kp = 0.68, Kp,uu = 0.65), and high oral bioavailability (%F > 100%). VU6036864 (45) and its close analogues will support further studies of M5 as advanced antagonist tool compounds and play an important role in the emerging biology of M5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Li
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Douglas L Orsi
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Julie L Engers
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Madeline F Long
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Rory A Capstick
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Mallory A Maurer
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Christopher C Presley
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Paige N Vinson
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Alice L Rodriguez
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Allie Han
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Hyekyung P Cho
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Sichen Chang
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Megan Jackson
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Michael Bubser
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Anna L Blobaum
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Olivier Boutaud
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Michael A Nader
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction Treatment, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard Winston-Salem, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction Treatment, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard Winston-Salem, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Changho Han
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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2
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Schneider S, Schierbaum L, Burger WAC, Seltzsam S, Wang C, Zheng B, Wilfried Wu CH, Nakayama M, Connaughton DM, Mann N, Shril S, Shalaby MA, Kari JA, ElDesoky S, Tasic V, Eid LA, Thal DM, Hildebrandt F. Recessive CHRM5 variant as a potential cause of neurogenic bladder. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:2083-2091. [PMID: 37213061 PMCID: PMC10527291 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenic bladder is caused by disruption of neuronal pathways regulating bladder relaxation and contraction. In severe cases, neurogenic bladder can lead to vesicoureteral reflux, hydroureter, and chronic kidney disease. These complications overlap with manifestations of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). To identify novel monogenic causes of neurogenic bladder, we applied exome sequencing (ES) to our cohort of families with CAKUT. By ES, we have identified a homozygous missense variant (p.Gln184Arg) in CHRM5 (cholinergic receptor, muscarinic, 5) in a patient with neurogenic bladder and secondary complications of CAKUT. CHRM5 codes for a seven transmembrane-spanning G-protein-coupled muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. CHRM5 is shown to be expressed in murine and human bladder walls and is reported to cause bladder overactivity in Chrm5 knockout mice. We investigated CHRM5 as a potential novel candidate gene for neurogenic bladder with secondary complications of CAKUT. CHRM5 is similar to the cholinergic bladder neuron receptor CHRNA3, which Mann et al. published as the first monogenic cause of neurogenic bladder. However, functional in vitro studies did not reveal evidence to strengthen the status as a candidate gene. Discovering additional families with CHRM5 variants could help to further assess the genes' candidate status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Schneider
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 01225, USA
| | - Luca Schierbaum
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 01225, USA
| | - Wessel A. C. Burger
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Steve Seltzsam
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 01225, USA
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 01225, USA
| | - Bixia Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 01225, USA
| | - Chen-Han Wilfried Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 01225, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Urology and Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Makiko Nakayama
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 01225, USA
| | - Dervla M. Connaughton
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 01225, USA
| | - Nina Mann
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 01225, USA
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 01225, USA
| | - Mohamed A. Shalaby
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Pediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jameela A. Kari
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Pediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif ElDesoky
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Pediatric Nephrology Center of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Velibor Tasic
- Pediatric Nephrology, University Children’s Hospital, University of Skopje Medical Faculty, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Loai A. Eid
- Pediatric Nephrology Department, Dubai Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - David M. Thal
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 01225, USA
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3
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Chen L, Hu B, Wang H, Li W, Wang S, Luan J, Liu H, Wang J, Cheng M. Selectivity mechanism of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonism through in silico investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:26269-26287. [PMID: 36281693 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02972c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Structures of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors illustrate the strikingly high degree of homology of the residues among isoforms, thus leading to difficulty in achieving subtype selectivity when targeting these receptors and causing undesired side effects when treating the corresponding diseases. Considering the urgent need for more selective and potency therapies, this study is aimed at revealing the selectivity mechanism against M4/5 via in silico strategies, revealing crucial molecular interactions such as hydrogen bonds and pi-cation interaction formed between the key residues TYR416, ASN417, and TRP435 of M4, respectively, hydrophobic pocket formed by the key residues, especially CYS484 of M5. Besides, the water around TYR416M4 and ASN459M5, which can be replaced by substituent groups which can form the hydrogen bond interaction network by simulated bridging water and the water around ASP112M4, whose replacement maybe not contribute to the increase in binding affinity of the compound, may affect the inhibitory selectivity among M4/5 in the aspect of the solvent. Moreover, from the point of inhibitors, compounds with a positively ionizable group could selectively bind to M4 receptors, while hydrophobic molecules may bind preferably to M5. We believe that the current study would provide a basis for the design of subsequent M4/5 selective antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and New Drug Discovery of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Baichun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and New Drug Discovery of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanxun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and New Drug Discovery of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixia Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and New Drug Discovery of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shizun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and New Drug Discovery of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasi Luan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and New Drug Discovery of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and New Drug Discovery of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and New Drug Discovery of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Drug Design and New Drug Discovery of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
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4
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Myslivecek J. Multitargeting nature of muscarinic orthosteric agonists and antagonists. Front Physiol 2022; 13:974160. [PMID: 36148314 PMCID: PMC9486310 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.974160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscarinic receptors (mAChRs) are typical members of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and exist in five subtypes from M1 to M5. Muscarinic receptor subtypes do not sufficiently differ in affinity to orthosteric antagonists or agonists; therefore, the analysis of receptor subtypes is complicated, and misinterpretations can occur. Usually, when researchers mainly specialized in CNS and peripheral functions aim to study mAChR involvement in behavior, learning, spinal locomotor networks, biological rhythms, cardiovascular physiology, bronchoconstriction, gastrointestinal tract functions, schizophrenia, and Parkinson’s disease, they use orthosteric ligands and they do not use allosteric ligands. Moreover, they usually rely on manufacturers’ claims that could be misleading. This review aimed to call the attention of researchers not deeply focused on mAChR pharmacology to this fact. Importantly, limited selective binding is not only a property of mAChRs but is a general attribute of most neurotransmitter receptors. In this review, we want to give an overview of the most common off-targets for established mAChR ligands. In this context, an important point is a mention the tremendous knowledge gap on off-targets for novel compounds compared to very well-established ligands. Therefore, we will summarize reported affinities and give an outline of strategies to investigate the subtype’s function, thereby avoiding ambiguous results. Despite that, the multitargeting nature of drugs acting also on mAChR could be an advantage when treating such diseases as schizophrenia. Antipsychotics are a perfect example of a multitargeting advantage in treatment. A promising strategy is the use of allosteric ligands, although some of these ligands have also been shown to exhibit limited selectivity. Another new direction in the development of muscarinic selective ligands is functionally selective and biased agonists. The possible selective ligands, usually allosteric, will also be listed. To overcome the limited selectivity of orthosteric ligands, the recommended process is to carefully examine the presence of respective subtypes in specific tissues via knockout studies, carefully apply “specific” agonists/antagonists at appropriate concentrations and then calculate the probability of a specific subtype involvement in specific functions. This could help interested researchers aiming to study the central nervous system functions mediated by the muscarinic receptor.
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5
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Garrison AT, Orsi DL, Capstick RA, Whomble D, Li J, Carter TR, Felts AS, Vinson PN, Rodriguez AL, Han A, Hajari K, Cho HP, Teal LB, Ragland MG, Ghamari-Langroudi M, Bubser M, Chang S, Schnetz-Boutaud NC, Boutaud O, Blobaum AL, Foster DJ, Niswender CM, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW, Jones CK, Han C. Development of VU6019650: A Potent, Highly Selective, and Systemically Active Orthosteric Antagonist of the M 5 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6273-6286. [PMID: 35417155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtype 5 (M5) represents a novel potential target for the treatment of multiple addictive disorders, including opioid use disorder. Through chemical optimization of several functional high-throughput screening hits, VU6019650 (27b) was identified as a novel M5 orthosteric antagonist with high potency (human M5 IC50 = 36 nM), M5 subtype selectivity (>100-fold selectivity against human M1-4) and favorable physicochemical properties for systemic dosing in preclinical addiction models. In acute brain slice electrophysiology studies, 27b blocked the nonselective muscarinic agonist oxotremorine-M-induced increases in neuronal firing rates of midbrain dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area, a part of the mesolimbic dopaminergic reward circuitry. Moreover, 27b also inhibited oxycodone self-administration in male Sprague-Dawley rats within a dose range that did not impair general motor output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Garrison
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Douglas L Orsi
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Rory A Capstick
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - David Whomble
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jinming Li
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Trever R Carter
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Andrew S Felts
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Paige N Vinson
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Alice L Rodriguez
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Allie Han
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Krishma Hajari
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Hyekyung P Cho
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Laura B Teal
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Madeline G Ragland
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Masoud Ghamari-Langroudi
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Michael Bubser
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Sichen Chang
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Nathalie C Schnetz-Boutaud
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Olivier Boutaud
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Anna L Blobaum
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Daniel J Foster
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Changho Han
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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6
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Róg T, Girych M, Bunker A. Mechanistic Understanding from Molecular Dynamics in Pharmaceutical Research 2: Lipid Membrane in Drug Design. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1062. [PMID: 34681286 PMCID: PMC8537670 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the use of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation as a drug design tool in the context of the role that the lipid membrane can play in drug action, i.e., the interaction between candidate drug molecules and lipid membranes. In the standard "lock and key" paradigm, only the interaction between the drug and a specific active site of a specific protein is considered; the environment in which the drug acts is, from a biophysical perspective, far more complex than this. The possible mechanisms though which a drug can be designed to tinker with physiological processes are significantly broader than merely fitting to a single active site of a single protein. In this paper, we focus on the role of the lipid membrane, arguably the most important element outside the proteins themselves, as a case study. We discuss work that has been carried out, using MD simulation, concerning the transfection of drugs through membranes that act as biological barriers in the path of the drugs, the behavior of drug molecules within membranes, how their collective behavior can affect the structure and properties of the membrane and, finally, the role lipid membranes, to which the vast majority of drug target proteins are associated, can play in mediating the interaction between drug and target protein. This review paper is the second in a two-part series covering MD simulation as a tool in pharmaceutical research; both are designed as pedagogical review papers aimed at both pharmaceutical scientists interested in exploring how the tool of MD simulation can be applied to their research and computational scientists interested in exploring the possibility of a pharmaceutical context for their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Mykhailo Girych
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Alex Bunker
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
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