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Kumar N, Kaur K, Kaur N, Singh E, Bedi PMS. Pathology, target discovery, and the evolution of XO inhibitors from the first discovery to recent advances (2020-2023). Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107042. [PMID: 38118298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia, a disease characterized by elevation of serum uric acid level beyond 6 mg/dL. This elevation led to appearance of symptoms from joint pain to gout and from gout to difficulty in mobility of the patient. So, in this review, we have summarized the pathology of hyperuricemia, discovery of target and discovery of first XO inhibitor. At last, this review provides in-sights about the recently discovered as natural XO inhibitors, followed by design, structure activity relationship and biological activity of synthetic compounds as XO inhibitors discovered between 2020 and 2023 years. At last, the pharmacophores generated in this study will guide new researchers to design and modify the structure of novel XO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
| | - Komalpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
| | - Navjot Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
| | - Ekampreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
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2
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K P, Prasanth DSNBK, Shadakshara MKR, Ahmad SF, Seemaladinne R, Rudrapal M, Pasala PK. Citronellal as a Promising Candidate for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment: A Comprehensive Study on In Silico and In Vivo Anti-Acetylcholine Esterase Activity. Metabolites 2023; 13:1133. [PMID: 37999229 PMCID: PMC10672888 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the primary therapeutic approaches for managing Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves the modulation of Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity to elevate acetylcholine (ACh) levels inside the brain. The current study employed computational chemistry approaches to evaluate the inhibitory effects of CTN on AChE. The docking results showed that Citronellal (CTN) and standard Donepezil (DON) have a binding affinity of -6.5 and -9.2 Kcal/mol, respectively, towards AChE. Further studies using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out on these two compounds. Binding free energy calculations and ligand-protein binding patterns suggested that CTN has a binding affinity of -12.2078. In contrast, DON has a much stronger binding relationship of -47.9969, indicating that the standard DON has a much higher binding affinity than CTN for AChE. In an in vivo study, Alzheimer-type dementia was induced in mice by scopolamine (1.5 mg/kg/day i.p) for 14 days. CTN was administered (25 and 50 mg/kg. i.p) along with scopolamine (SCO) administration. DON (0.5 mg/kg orally) was used as a reference drug. CTN administration significantly improved the mice's behavior as evaluated by the Morris water maze test, evident from decreased escape latency to 65.4%, and in the CPS test, apparent from reduced escape latency to 69.8% compared to the positive control mice. Moreover, CTN significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) compared to SCO. Furthermore, CTN administration significantly decreased SCO-induced elevated AChE levels in mice. These results were supported by histopathological and in silico molecular docking studies. CTN may be a potential antioxidant and neuroprotective supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavani K
- Department of Pharmacology, Santhiram College of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur, Nandyal 518112, Andhra Pradesh, India;
| | - D S. N. B. K. Prasanth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada 520010, Andhra Pradesh, India;
| | - Murthy K. R. Shadakshara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur 572103, Karnataka, India;
| | - Sheikh F. Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mithun Rudrapal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Guntur 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India;
| | - Praveen Kumar Pasala
- Department of Pharmacology, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JNTUA, Anantapuramu 515721, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Wan D, Wang FQ, Xie J, Chen L, Zhou XL. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Donepezil: Aromatic Amine Hybrids as Anti-Alzheimerss Drugs. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:21802-21812. [PMID: 37360465 PMCID: PMC10286275 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, benzylpiperidine, the active group of donepezil (DNP), was connected with the neurotransmitter phenylethylamine by square amide, in which the fat chain of phenylethylamine was reduced and the benzene rings were substituted. A series of multifunctional hybrid compounds, including DNP-aniline hybrids (1-8), DNP-benzylamine hybrids (9-14), and DNP-phenylethylamine hybrids (15-21) were obtained and their cholinesterase inhibitory activity and neuroprotection of the SH-SY5Y cell line were determined. Results showed that compound 3 exhibited excellent acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 4.4 μM, higher than that of positive control DNP and significant neuroprotective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cells with 80.11% viability rate at 12.5 μM, much higher than that of the model group (viability rate = 53.1%). The mechanism of action of compound 3 was elucidated by molecular docking, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and immunofluorescence analysis. The results suggest that compound 3 could be further explored as a lead compound for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In addition, molecular docking research indicated that the square amide group formed strong interactions with the target protein. Based on the above analysis, we believe that square amide could be an interesting construction unit in anti-AD agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wan
- School
of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest
Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Qin Wang
- School
of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest
Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Xie
- Affiliated
Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Third People Hospital
of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- School
of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest
Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Li Zhou
- School
of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest
Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Affiliated
Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Third People Hospital
of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, P.R. China
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Nuthakki VK, Choudhary S, Reddy CN, Bhatt S, Jamwal A, Jotshi A, Raghuvanshi R, Sharma A, Thakur S, Jadhav HR, Bharate SS, Nandi U, Kumar A, Bharate SB. Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Embelin-Aryl/alkyl Amine Hybrids as Orally Bioavailable Blood-Brain Barrier Permeable Multitargeted Agents with Therapeutic Potential in Alzheimer's Disease: Discovery of SB-1448. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1193-1219. [PMID: 36812360 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex and multifaceted nature of Alzheimer's disease has brought about a pressing demand to develop ligands targeting multiple pathways to combat its outrageous prevalence. Embelin is a major secondary metabolite of Embelia ribes Burm f., one of the oldest herbs in Indian traditional medicine. It is a micromolar inhibitor of cholinesterases (ChEs) and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1) with poor absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties. Herein, we synthesize a series of embelin-aryl/alkyl amine hybrids to improve its physicochemical properties and therapeutic potency against targeted enzymes. The most active derivative, 9j (SB-1448), inhibits human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE), human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE), and human BACE-1 (hBACE-1) with IC50 values of 0.15, 1.6, and 0.6 μM, respectively. It inhibits both ChEs noncompetitively with ki values of 0.21 and 1.3 μM, respectively. It is orally bioavailable, crosses blood-brain barrier (BBB), inhibits Aβ self-aggregation, possesses good ADME properties, and protects neuronal cells from scopolamine-induced cell death. The oral administration of 9j at 30 mg/kg attenuates the scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Nuthakki
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sushil Choudhary
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Chilakala N Reddy
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shipra Bhatt
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ashiya Jamwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anshika Jotshi
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Rinky Raghuvanshi
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shikha Thakur
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Hemant R Jadhav
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sonali S Bharate
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Nayek U, Basheer Ahamed SI, Mansoor Hussain UH, Unnikrishnan MK, Abdul Salam AA. Computational investigations of indanedione and indanone derivatives in drug discovery: Indanone derivatives inhibits cereblon, an E3 ubiquitin ligase component. Comput Biol Chem 2022; 101:107776. [PMID: 36252444 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cereblon, an extensively studied multifunctional protein, is a Cullin 4-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex component. Cereblon is a well-known target of thalidomide and its derivatives. Cereblon is involved in multiple myeloma cell apoptosis. When ligands such as thalidomide and lenalidomide bind to cereblon, it recognizes various neosubstrates based on the ligand shape and properties. We have identified novel CRBN inhibitors, namely DHFO and its analogs, with structural features that are slightly different from thalidomide but stronger cereblon-binding affinity. We selected indanedione and indanone derivatives from the literature to understand and compare their cereblon-mediated substrate recognition potential. METHODS Computational investigations of possible CRBN inhibitors were investigated by molecular docking with Autodock Vina and DockThor programs. The properties of the compounds' ADME/T and drug-likeness were investigated. A molecular dynamics study was carried out for four selected molecules, and the molecular interactions were analyzed using PCA-based FEL methods. The binding affinity was calculated using the MM/PBSA method. RESULTS We conducted computational investigations on 68 indanedione and indanone derivatives binding with cereblon. Ten molecules showed better CRBN binding affinity than thalidomide. We studied the drug-likeness properties of the selected ten molecules, and four of the most promising molecules (DHFO, THOH, DIMS, and DTIN) were chosen for molecular dynamics studies. The MM/PBSA calculations showed that the DHFO, already shown to be a 5-LOX/COX2 inhibitor, has the highest binding affinity of - 163.16 kJ/mol with cereblon. CONCLUSION The selected CRBN inhibitor DHFO has demonstrated the highest binding affinity with cereblon protein compared to other molecules. Thalidomide and its derivatives have a new substitute in the form of DHFO, which produces an interaction hotspot on the surface of the cereblon. Ease of chemical synthesis, low toxicity, versatile therapeutic options, and pleiotropism of DHFO analogs provide an opportunity for exploring clinical alternatives with versatile therapeutic potential for a new category of indanedione molecules as novel modulators of E3 ubiquitin ligases.
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Wang X, Gao H, Zhang X, Qian S, Wang C, Deng L, Zhong M, Qing G. Aspartic Acid-Modified Phospholipids Regulate Cell Response and Rescue Memory Deficits in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2154-2163. [PMID: 35818957 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Misfolding and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) to form senile plaques are the main neuropathological signatures of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Decreasing Aβ production, inhibiting Aβ aggregation, and clearing Aβ plaques are thus considered an important strategy for AD treatment. However, numerous drugs cannot enter the AD clinical trials due to unsatisfactory biocompatibility, poor blood-brain barrier penetration, little biomarker impact, and/or low therapeutic indicators. Here, a pair of chiral aspartic acid-modified 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (l- and d-Asp-DPPE) are prepared to build stabilized chiral liposomes. We find that both l- and d-liposomes are able to rescue Aβ aggregation-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress, and calcium homeostasis, in which the effect of d-liposomes is more obvious than that of l-ones. Furthermore, in AD model mice (APPswe/PS1d9 double-transgenic mice), chiral liposomes not only show biosafety but also strongly improve cognitive deficits and reduce Aβ deposition in the brain. Our results suggest that chiral liposomes, particularly, d-liposomes, could be a potential therapeutic approach for AD treatment. This study opens new horizons by showing that liposomes will be used for drug development in addition to delivery and targeting functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Gao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Shengxu Qian
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Cunli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Lijing Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Manli Zhong
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Guangyan Qing
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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