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Wang W, Hassan MM, Kapoor-Kaushik N, Livni L, Musrie B, Tang J, Mahmud Z, Lai S, Wich PR, Ananthanarayanan V, Moalem-Taylor G, Mao G. Neural Tracing Protein-Functionalized Nanoparticles Capable of Fast Retrograde Axonal Transport in Live Neurons. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311921. [PMID: 38647340 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Neural tracing proteins like horseradish peroxidase-conjugated wheat germ agglutinin (WGA-HRP) can target the central nervous system (CNS) through anatomic retrograde transport without crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Conjugating WGA-HRP to nanoparticles may enable the creation of BBB-bypassing nanomedicine. Microfluidics and two-photon confocal microscopy is applied to screen nanocarriers for transport efficacy and gain mechanistic insights into their interactions with neurons. Protein modification of gold nanoparticles alters their cellular uptake at the axonal terminal and activates fast retrograde transport. Trajectory analysis of individual endosomes carrying the nanoparticles reveals a run-and-pause pattern along the axon with endosomes carrying WGA-HRP-conjugated gold nanoparticles exhibiting longer run duration and faster instantaneous velocity than those carrying nonconjugated nanoparticles. The results offer a mechanistic explanation of the different axonal transport dynamics as well as a cell-based functional assay of neuron-targeted nanoparticles with the goal of developing BBB-bypassing nanomedicine for the treatment of nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Md Musfizur Hassan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Natasha Kapoor-Kaushik
- Electron Microscopy Unit, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Lital Livni
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Benjamin Musrie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jianbo Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Zaheri Mahmud
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Saluo Lai
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Peter Richard Wich
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Vaishnavi Ananthanarayanan
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Gila Moalem-Taylor
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Fernandez M, Nigro M, Travagli A, Pasquini S, Vincenzi F, Varani K, Borea PA, Merighi S, Gessi S. Strategies for Drug Delivery into the Brain: A Review on Adenosine Receptors Modulation for Central Nervous System Diseases Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2441. [PMID: 37896201 PMCID: PMC10610137 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a biological barrier that protects the central nervous system (CNS) by ensuring an appropriate microenvironment. Brain microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) control the passage of molecules from blood to brain tissue and regulate their concentration-versus-time profiles to guarantee proper neuronal activity, angiogenesis and neurogenesis, as well as to prevent the entry of immune cells into the brain. However, the BBB also restricts the penetration of drugs, thus presenting a challenge in the development of therapeutics for CNS diseases. On the other hand, adenosine, an endogenous purine-based nucleoside that is expressed in most body tissues, regulates different body functions by acting through its G-protein-coupled receptors (A1, A2A, A2B and A3). Adenosine receptors (ARs) are thus considered potential drug targets for treating different metabolic, inflammatory and neurological diseases. In the CNS, A1 and A2A are expressed by astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, neurons, immune cells and ECs. Moreover, adenosine, by acting locally through its receptors A1 and/or A2A, may modulate BBB permeability, and this effect is potentiated when both receptors are simultaneously activated. This review showcases in vivo and in vitro evidence supporting AR signaling as a candidate for modifying endothelial barrier permeability in the treatment of CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Fernandez
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (F.V.); (K.V.)
| | - Manuela Nigro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (F.V.); (K.V.)
| | - Alessia Travagli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (F.V.); (K.V.)
| | - Silvia Pasquini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (F.V.); (K.V.)
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (F.V.); (K.V.)
| | | | - Stefania Merighi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (F.V.); (K.V.)
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (F.V.); (K.V.)
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Wang W, Hassan MM, Mao G. Colloidal Perspective on Targeted Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:3235-3245. [PMID: 36825490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This article describes a new approach in targeted drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) in a significant departure from the predominant systematic drug administration attempting to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nanoparticles chemically conjugated to neural tract tracer proteins are capable of path-specific axonal retrograde transport, transneuronal transport, and anatomical tract flow to bypass the BBB. To celebrate the work by Dr. Bettye Washington Greene on the physical chemistry of colloidal particles, this article focuses on the physiochemical characteristics of the nanoparticles, various colloidal forces that impact the colloidal stability of nanoparticles in biological media, and surface chemistry strategies to avoid nanoparticle aggregation-induced poor therapeutic outcomes. The biological environment for the anatomical retrograde transport of neural tract tracers is examined to directly link factors impacting the colloidal stability of the new class of CNS-targeting nanoconjugates such as nanoconjugate size, shape, surface charge, surface chemistry, ionic strength, pH, and protein adsorption on the nanoparticle. We conclude with opportunities and challenges for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Md Musfizur Hassan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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Khizar S, Alrushaid N, Alam Khan F, Zine N, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Errachid A, Elaissari A. Nanocarriers based novel and effective drug delivery system. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122570. [PMID: 36587775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has ultimately come into the domain of drug delivery. Nanosystems for delivery of drugs are promptly emerging science utilizing different nanoparticles as carriers. Biocompatible and stable nanocarriers are novel diagnosis tools or therapy agents for explicitly targeting locates with controllable way. Nanocarriers propose numerous advantages to treat diseases via site-specific as well as targeted delivery of particular therapeutics. In recent times, there are number of outstanding nanocarriers use to deliver bio-, chemo-, or immuno- therapeutic agents to obtain effectual therapeutic reactions and to minimalize unwanted adverse-effects. Nanoparticles possess remarkable potential for active drug delivery. Moreover, conjugation of drugs with nanocarriers protects drugs from metabolic or chemical modifications, through their way to targeted cells and hence increased their bioavailability. In this review, various systems integrated with different types of nanocarriers (inorganic. organic, quantum dots, and carbon nanotubes) having different compositions, physical and chemical properties have been discussed for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Khizar
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, ISA-UMR 5280, F-69100 Lyon, France
| | - Noor Alrushaid
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, ISA-UMR 5280, F-69100 Lyon, France; Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Post Box No. 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firdos Alam Khan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Post Box No. 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia Zine
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, ISA-UMR 5280, F-69100 Lyon, France
| | | | - Abdelhamid Errachid
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, ISA-UMR 5280, F-69100 Lyon, France
| | - Abdelhamid Elaissari
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon-1, CNRS, ISA-UMR 5280, F-69100 Lyon, France.
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Gao X, Hassan MM, Ghosh S, Mao G, Sankari A. Efficacy and toxicity of the DPCPX nanoconjugate drug study for the treatment of spinal cord injury in rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 133:262-272. [PMID: 35771225 PMCID: PMC9342139 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00195.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of the Adenosine A1 blockade using 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-diprophyxanthine (DPCPX) nanoconjugate on inducing recovery of the hemidiaphragm paralyzed by hemisection have been thoroughly examined previously; however, the toxicology of DPCPX nanoconjugate remains unknown. This research study investigates the therapeutic efficacy and toxicology of the nanoconjugate DPCPX in the cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) rat model. We hypothesized that a single injection of nanoconjugate DPCPX in the paralyzed left hemidiaphragm (LDH) of hemisected rats at the 2nd cervical segment (C2Hx) would lead to the long-term recovery of LDH while showing minimal toxicity. Adult male rats underwent left C2Hx surgery and the diaphragms' baseline electromyography (EMG). Subsequently, rats were randomized into a control group, and four treated subgroups. Three subgroups received a single intradiaphragmatic dose of either 0.09, 0.15, 0.27 µg/kg, and one subgroup received 0.1 mg/kg of native DPCPX 2 times/day intravenous (i.v.) for 3 days (total 0.6 mg/kg). Rats were monitored for a total of 56 days. Compared to control, the treatment with nanoconjugate DPCPX at 0.09 µg/kg, 0.15 µg/kg, and 0.27 µg/kg doses elicited significant recovery of paralyzed LDH (i.e., 67% recovery at eight weeks) (p<0.05). DPCPX nanoconjugate treated rats had significant weight loss first two weeks but recovered significantly by day 56 (p<0.05). The levels of gold in the blood and body tissues were below the recommended levels. No sign of weakness, histology of tissue damage, or organ abnormality was observed. A single dose of DPCPX nanoconjugate can induce long-term diaphragm recovery after SCI without observed toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Gao
- Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States.,John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Md Musfizur Hassan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney. Australia
| | - Samiran Ghosh
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney. Australia
| | - Abdulghani Sankari
- Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States.,John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States.,Department of Medical Education, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, Michigan, United States
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