1
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Abstract
Significance: Routine exposure to xenobiotics is unavoidable during our lifetimes. Certain xenobiotics are hazardous to human health, and are metabolized in the body to render them less toxic. During this process, several detoxification enzymes cooperatively metabolize xenobiotics. Glutathione (GSH) conjugation plays an important role in the metabolism of electrophilic xenobiotics. Recent Advances: Recent advances in reactive sulfur and supersulfide (RSS) analyses showed that persulfides and polysulfides bound to low-molecular-weight thiols, such as GSH, and to protein thiols are abundant in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The highly nucleophilic nature of hydropersulfides and hydropolysulfides contributes to cell protection against oxidative stress and electrophilic stress. Critical Issues: In contrast to GSH conjugation to electrophiles that is aided by glutathione S-transferase (GST), persulfides and polysulfides can directly form conjugates with electrophiles without the catalytic actions of GST. The polysulfur bonds in the conjugates are further reduced by perthioanions and polythioanions derived from RSS to form sulfhydrated metabolites that are no longer electrophilic but rather nucleophilic, and differ from metabolites that are formed via GSH conjugation. Future Directions: In view of the abundance of RSS in cells and tissues, metabolism of xenobiotics that is mediated by RSS warrants additional investigations, such as studies of the impact of microbiota-derived RSS on xenobiotic metabolism. Metabolites formed from reactions between electrophiles and RSS may be potential biomarkers for monitoring exposure to electrophiles and for studying their metabolism by RSS. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 679-690.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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2
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Kaneko K, Miyamoto Y, Ida T, Morita M, Yoshimura K, Nagasaki K, Toba K, Sugisaki R, Motohashi H, Akaike T, Chikazu D, Kamijo R. 8-Nitro-cGMP suppresses mineralization by mouse osteoblasts. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 71:191-197. [PMID: 36447486 PMCID: PMC9701590 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species regulate bone remodeling, which occurs via bone formation and resorption by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively. Recently, we found that 8-nitro-cGMP, a second messenger of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species, promotes osteoclastogenesis. Here, we investigated the formation and function of 8-nitro-cGMP in osteoblasts. Mouse calvarial osteoblasts were found to produce 8-nitro-cGMP, which was augmented by tumor necrosis factor-α (10 ng/ml) and interleukin-1β (1 ng/ml). These cytokines suppressed osteoblastic differentiation in a NO synthase activity-dependent manner. Exogenous 8-nitro-cGMP (30 μmol/L) suppressed expression of osteoblastic phenotypes, including mineralization, in clear contrast to the enhancement of mineralization by osteoblasts induced by 8-bromo-cGMP, a cell membrane-permeable analog of cGMP. It is known that reactive sulfur species denitrates and degrades 8-nitro-cGMP. Mitochondrial cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase plays a crucial role in the endogenous production of RSS. The expression of osteoblastic phenotypes was suppressed by not only exogenous 8-nitro-cGMP but also by silencing of the Cars2 gene, indicating a role of endogenous 8-nitro-cGMP in suppressing the expression of osteoblastic phenotypes. These results suggest that 8-nitro-cGMP is a negative regulator of osteoblastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Kaneko
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masanobu Morita
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Kei Nagasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
- Department of Orthopedics, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuki Toba
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Risa Sugisaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Daichi Chikazu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kamijo
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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3
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Kasamatsu S, Tsutsuki H, Ida T, Sawa T, Watanabe Y, Akaike T, Ihara H. Regulation of nitric oxide/reactive oxygen species redox signaling by nNOS splicing variants. Nitric Oxide 2022; 120:44-52. [PMID: 35033681 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated different expression patterns of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) splicing variants, nNOS-μ and nNOS-α, in the rat brain; however, their exact functions have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we compared the enzymatic activities of nNOS-μ and nNOS-α and investigated intracellular redox signaling in nNOS-expressing PC12 cells, stimulated with a neurotoxicant, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), to enhance the nNOS uncoupling reaction. Using in vitro studies, we show that nNOS-μ produced nitric oxide (NO), as did nNOS-α, in the presence of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an important cofactor for the enzymatic activity. However, nNOS-μ generated more NO and less superoxide than nNOS-α in the absence of BH4. MPP + treatment induced more reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in nNOS-α-expressing PC12 cells than in those expressing nNOS-μ, which correlated with the intracellular production of 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP), a downstream messenger of nNOS redox signaling, and apoptosis in these cells. Furthermore, post-treatment with 8-nitro-cGMP aggravated MPP+-induced cytotoxicity via activation of the H-Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway. In conclusion, our results provide strong evidence that nNOS-μ exhibits distinctive enzymatic properties of NO/ROS production, contributing to the regulation of intracellular redox signaling, including the downstream production of 8-nitro-cGMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kasamatsu
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Tsutsuki
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yasuo Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
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4
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Kasamatsu S. Persulfide-Dependent Regulation of Electrophilic Redox Signaling in Neural Cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:1320-1331. [PMID: 32536194 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Redox homeostasis is precisely modulated by intricate systems that regulate production, elimination, and metabolism of electrophilic substances (electrophiles) in the nervous system. Since the first report of the endogenous production of reactive persulfide species in cells, such as cysteine persulfides (CysSSH), these reactive species have been a topic of extreme interest in the field of redox biology; persulfides/polysulfides possess unique chemical properties and are involved in multiple cellular functions. Recent Advances: Electrophilic signaling is mainly regulated by endogenous electrophiles that are generated from reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and their derivatives during stress responses, as well as by exogenous electrophiles, including compounds in foods and environmental pollutants, such as methylmercury (MeHg). Among diverse electrophiles that are endogenously generated, 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP) possesses unique redox properties, of which the biosynthetic pathway, signaling mechanism, and metabolism in cells have been elucidated. Critical Issues: Persulfides, such as CysSSH, that are endogenously produced are critically involved in 8-nitro-cGMP metabolism. Exposure of neurons to the exogenous neurotoxicant, MeHg, causes severe neurodegeneration via disruption of persulfide-dependent 8-nitro-cGMP metabolism. Future Directions: Accumulating evidence indicates that persulfides are involved in various cellular functions under physiological and pathological conditions. These new aspects of redox biology related to persulfides may be frontiers of cell research, medical and clinical investigations of neurodegenerative diseases, as well as other fields. 8-Nitro-cGMP-mediated signaling and its persulfide-dependent metabolism in cells could, therefore, be potential targets for drug development, which may lead to the discovery of new therapeutic agents for many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kasamatsu
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
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5
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Tsutsuki H, Kasamatsu S, Kunieda K, Ida T, Sawa T, Sasakawa N, Akaike T, Ihara H. 8-Nitro-cGMP modulates exocytosis in adrenal chromaffin cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:225-230. [PMID: 32201073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO)-mediated production of cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) is a crucial signaling pathway that controls a wide array of neuronal functions, including exocytotic neurotransmitter release. A novel nitrated derivative of cGMP, 8-nitro-cGMP, not only activates cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), but also has membrane permeability and redox activity to produce superoxide and S-guanylated protein. To date, no studies have addressed the effects of 8-nitro-cGMP on exocytotic kinetics. Here, we aimed to assess the 8-nitro-cGMP-mediated modulation of the depolarization-evoked catecholamine release from bovine chromaffin cells. 8-Nitro-cGMP was produced in bovine chromaffin cells dependent on NO donor. Amperometric analysis revealed that 8-nitro-cGMP modulated the kinetic parameters of secretory spikes from chromaffin cells, particularly decreased the speed of individual spikes, resulting in a reduced amperometric spike height, slope β, and absolute value of slope γ. The modulatory effects were independent of the PKG signal and superoxide production. This is the first study to demonstrate that 8-nitro-cGMP modulates exocytosis and provide insights into a novel regulatory mechanism of exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Tsutsuki
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shingo Kasamatsu
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kohei Kunieda
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Departments of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Sasakawa
- Department of Information and Communication Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Departments of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
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6
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Petřivalský M, Luhová L. Nitrated Nucleotides: New Players in Signaling Pathways of Reactive Nitrogen and Oxygen Species in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:598. [PMID: 32508862 PMCID: PMC7248558 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitration of diverse biomolecules, including proteins, lipids and nucleic acid, by reactive nitrogen species represents one of the key mechanisms mediating nitric oxide (NO) biological activity across all types of organisms. 8-nitroguanosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP) has been described as a unique electrophilic intermediate involved in intracellular redox signaling. In animal cells, 8-nitro-cGMP is formed from guanosine-5'-triphosphate by a combined action of reactive nitrogen (RNS) and oxygen species (ROS) and guanylate cyclase. As demonstrated originally in animal models, 8-nitro-cGMP shows certain biological activities closely resembling its analog cGMP; however, its regulatory functions are mediated mainly by its electrophilic properties and chemical interactions with protein thiols resulting in a novel protein post-translational modification termed S-guanylation. In Arabidopsis thaliana, 8-nitro-cGMP was reported to mediate NO-dependent signaling pathways controlling abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure, however, its derivative 8-mercapto-cGMP (8-SH-cGMP) was later shown as the active component of hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-mediated guard cell signaling. Here we present a survey of current knowledge on biosynthesis, metabolism and biological activities of nitrated nucleotides with special attention to described and proposed functions of 8-nitro-cGMP and its metabolites in plant physiology and stress responses.
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7
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Characterization of Polysulfides, Polysulfanes, and Other Unique Species in the Reaction between GSNO and H 2S. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173090. [PMID: 31454893 PMCID: PMC6749520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione-based products, GSnX, of the reaction of hydrogen sulfide, H2S, S-nitroso glutathione, and GSNO, at varied stoichiometries have been analyzed by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and chemical trapping experiments. A wide variety of glutathione-based species with catenated sulfur chains have been identified including sulfanes (GSSnG), sulfides (GSSnH), and sulfenic acids (GSnOH); sulfinic (GSnO2H) and sulfonic (GSnO3H) acids are also seen in reactions exposed to air. The presence of each species of GSnX within the original reaction mixtures was confirmed using Single Ion Chromatograms (SICs), to demonstrate the separation on the LC column, and given approximate quantification by the peak area of the SIC. Further, confirmation for different GSnX families was obtained by trapping with species-specific reagents. Several unique GSnX families have been characterized, including bridging mixed di- and tetra-valent polysulfanes and internal trithionitrates (GSNHSnH) with polysulfane branches. Competitive trapping experiments suggest that the polysulfane chains are formed via the intermediacy of sulfenic acid species, GSSnOH. In the presence of radical trap vinylcyclopropane (VCP) the relative distributions of polysulfane speciation are relatively unaffected, suggesting that radical coupling is not a dominant pathway. Therefore, we suggest polysulfane catenation occurs via reaction of sulfides with sulfenic acids.
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8
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Kishimoto Y, Akaike T, Ihara H. SNAP-25 S-Guanylation and SNARE Complex Formation. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1860:163-173. [PMID: 30317503 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8760-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
8-Nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP), which is the second messenger in nitric oxide/reactive oxygen species redox signaling, covalently binds to protein thiol groups (called S-guanylation) and exerts various biological functions. Synaptosomal associated protein 25 (SNAP-25), a member of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins, plays an important role in the process of membrane fusion. We previously showed that SNAP-25 is S-guanylated at cysteine 90. In addition, we revealed that S-guanylation of SNAP-25 increases SNARE complex formation, but decreases the affinity of SNARE complex for complexin. Since SNAP-25 plays a critical role in regulating exocytosis, it is important to elucidate the physiological or pathophysiological meanings of S-guanylation of this protein. Here we describe a protocol for detecting 8-nitro-cGMP and S-guanylated proteins in cells by immunocytochemistry, and methods to detect SNARE complex in 8-nitro-cGMP-treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kishimoto
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan.
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9
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Jiang X, Zhang Z, Cheng K, Wu Q, Jiang L, Pielak GJ, Liu M, Li C. Membrane-mediated disorder-to-order transition of SNAP25 flexible linker facilitates its interaction with syntaxin-1 and SNARE-complex assembly. FASEB J 2019; 33:7985-7994. [PMID: 30916996 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802796r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex comprises synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP25), syntaxin-1a (syx-1), and synaptobrevin 2, which is essential for many physiologic processes requiring membrane fusion. Several studies imply that the loop region of SNAP25 plays important roles in SNARE-complex assembly. However, why and how the flexible loop facilitates the complex assembly remains poorly understood because it is purposely deleted in almost all structural studies. By using NMR spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectropolarimetry, we characterized SNAP25 structure and interactions with other SNAREs in aqueous buffer and in the membrane. We found that the N-terminal of the SNAP25 loop region binds with membrane, and this interaction induced a disorder-to-order conformational change of the loop, resulting in enhanced interaction between the C-terminal of the SNAP25 loop and syx-1. We further proved that SNARE-complex assembly efficiency decreased when we disrupted the electrostatic interaction between C-terminal of the SNAP25 loop and syx-1, suggesting that the SNAP25 loop region facilitates SNARE-complex assembly through promoting prefusion SNARE binary complex formation. Our work elucidates the role of the flexible loop and the membrane environment in SNARE-complex assembly at the residue level, which helps to understand membrane fusion, a fundamental transport and communication process in cells.-Jiang, X., Zhang, Z., Cheng, K., Wu, Q., Jiang, L., Pielak, G. J., Liu, M., Li, C. Membrane-mediated disorder-to-order transition of SNAP25 flexible linker facilitates its interaction with syntaxin-1 and SNARE-complex assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zeting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gary J Pielak
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Conggang Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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10
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Kishimoto Y, Kasamatsu S, Yanai S, Endo S, Akaike T, Ihara H. 8-Nitro-cGMP attenuates context-dependent fear memory in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:141-147. [PMID: 30773263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.01.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP) is endogenously produced via nitric oxide/reactive oxygen species signaling pathways and it reacts with protein thiol residues to add cGMP structure to proteins through S-guanylation. S-Guanylation occurs on synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25), which is a part of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex that regulates exocytosis. However, the biological relevance of 8-nitro-cGMP in the nervous system remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of 8-nitro-cGMP on mouse brain functions. The results of an open-field test and fear-conditioning task revealed that icv infusion of 8-nitro-cGMP decreased the vertical activity and context-dependent fear memory of mice, which are both associated with the hippocampus. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased c-Fos-positive cells in the dentate gyrus in 8-nitro-cGMP-infused mice. Further, biochemical analyses showed that icv infusion of 8-nitro-cGMP increased S-guanylated proteins including SNAP-25 and SNARE complex formation as well as decreased complexes containing complexin, which regulates exocytosis by binding to the SNARE complex, in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that accumulation of 8-nitro-cGMP in the hippocampus affects its functions, including memory, via S-guanylation of hippocampal proteins such as SNAP-25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kishimoto
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shingo Kasamatsu
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yanai
- Aging Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Shogo Endo
- Aging Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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11
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Kishimoto Y, Kunieda K, Kitamura A, Kakihana Y, Akaike T, Ihara H. 8-Nitro-cGMP Attenuates the Interaction between SNARE Complex and Complexin through S-Guanylation of SNAP-25. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:217-223. [PMID: 29110463 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
8-Nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP) is the second messenger in nitric oxide/reactive oxygen species redox signaling. This molecule covalently binds to protein thiol groups, called S-guanylation, and exerts various biological functions. Recently, we have identified synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) as a target of S-guanylation, and demonstrated that S-guanylation of SNAP25 enhanced SNARE complex formation. In this study, we have examined the effects of S-guanylation of SNAP-25 on the interaction between the SNARE complex and complexin (cplx), which binds to the SNARE complex with a high affinity. Pull-down assays and coimmunoprecipitation experiments have revealed that S-guanylation of Cys90 in SNAP-25 attenuates the interaction between the SNARE complex and cplx. In addition, blue native-PAGE followed by Western blot analysis revealed that the amount of cplx detected at a high molecular weight decreased upon 8-nitro-cGMP treatment in SH-SY5Y cells. These results demonstrated for the first time that S-guanylation of SNAP-25 attenuates the interaction between the SNARE complex and cplx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kishimoto
- Department
of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kohei Kunieda
- Department
of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
- Department
of Protein Factory, Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kitamura
- Department
of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yuki Kakihana
- Department
of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department
of Environmental Health Science and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department
of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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12
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Masuda K, Tsutsuki H, Kasamatsu S, Ida T, Takata T, Sugiura K, Nishida M, Watanabe Y, Sawa T, Akaike T, Ihara H. Involvement of nitric oxide/reactive oxygen species signaling via 8-nitro-cGMP formation in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells and rat cerebellar granule neurons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:2165-2170. [PMID: 29258821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO)/reactive oxygen species (ROS) redox signaling in Parkinson's disease-like neurotoxicity, we used 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) treatment (a model of Parkinson's disease). We show that MPP+-induced neurotoxicity was dependent on ROS from neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) in nNOS-expressing PC12 cells (NPC12 cells) and rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). Following MPP+ treatment, we found production of 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP), a second messenger in the NO/ROS redox signaling pathway, in NPC12 cells and rat CGNs, that subsequently induced S-guanylation and activation of H-Ras. Additionally, following MPP+ treatment, extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) phosphorylation was enhanced. Treatment with a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor attenuated MPP+-induced ERK phosphorylation and neurotoxicity. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that NO/ROS redox signaling via 8-nitro-cGMP is involved in MPP+-induced neurotoxicity and that 8-nitro-cGMP activates H-Ras/ERK signaling. Our results indicate a novel mechanism underlying MPP+-induced neurotoxicity, and therefore contribute novel insights to the mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Masuda
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan; Project Management Department, SHIONOGI & CO., LTD., Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Tsutsuki
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shingo Kasamatsu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takata
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kikuya Sugiura
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuo Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.
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13
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Arimoto H, Takahashi D. 8-Nitro-cGMP: A Novel Protein-Reactive cNMP and Its Emerging Roles in Autophagy. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 238:253-268. [PMID: 28213625 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_5000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) raises the intracellular 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) level through the activation of soluble guanylate cyclase and, in the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reacts with biomolecules to produce nitrated cGMP derivatives. 8-Nitro-cGMP was the first endogenous cGMP derivative discovered in mammalian cells (2007) and was later found in plant cells. Among the six nitrogen atoms in this molecule, the one in the nitro group (NO2) comes from NO. This chapter asserts that this newly found cGMP is undoubtedly one of the major physiological cNMPs. Multiple studies suggest that its intracellular abundance might exceed that of unmodified cGMP. The characteristic chemical feature of 8-nitro-cGMP is its ability to modify proteinous cysteine residues via a stable sulfide bond. In this posttranslational modification, the nitro group is detached from the guanine base. This modification, termed "protein S-guanylation," is known to regulate the physiological functions of several important proteins. Furthermore, 8-nitro-cGMP participates in the regulation of autophagy. For example, in antibacterial autophagy (xenophagy), S-guanylation accumulates around invading bacterial cells and functions as a "tag" for subsequent clearance of the organism via ubiquitin modifications. This finding suggests the existence of a system for recognizing the cGMP structure on proteins. Autophagy induction by 8-nitro-cGMP is mechanistically distinct from the well-described starvation-induced autophagy and is independent of the action of mTOR, the master regulator of canonical autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Arimoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Daiki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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14
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Ihara H, Kasamatsu S, Kitamura A, Nishimura A, Tsutsuki H, Ida T, Ishizaki K, Toyama T, Yoshida E, Abdul Hamid H, Jung M, Matsunaga T, Fujii S, Sawa T, Nishida M, Kumagai Y, Akaike T. Exposure to Electrophiles Impairs Reactive Persulfide-Dependent Redox Signaling in Neuronal Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1673-1684. [PMID: 28837763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Electrophiles such as methylmercury (MeHg) affect cellular functions by covalent modification with endogenous thiols. Reactive persulfide species were recently reported to mediate antioxidant responses and redox signaling because of their strong nucleophilicity. In this study, we used MeHg as an environmental electrophile and found that exposure of cells to the exogenous electrophile elevated intracellular concentrations of the endogenous electrophilic molecule 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP), accompanied by depletion of reactive persulfide species and 8-SH-cGMP which is a metabolite of 8-nitro-cGMP. Exposure to MeHg also induced S-guanylation and activation of H-Ras followed by injury to cerebellar granule neurons. The electrophile-induced activation of redox signaling and the consequent cell damage were attenuated by pretreatment with a reactive persulfide species donor. In conclusion, exogenous electrophiles such as MeHg with strong electrophilicity impair the redox signaling regulatory mechanism, particularly of intracellular reactive persulfide species and therefore lead to cellular pathogenesis. Our results suggest that reactive persulfide species may be potential therapeutic targets for attenuating cell injury by electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University , Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shingo Kasamatsu
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University , Osaka 599-8531, Japan.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kitamura
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University , Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Akira Nishimura
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Tsutsuki
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kento Ishizaki
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University , Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takashi Toyama
- Environmental Biology Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Eiko Yoshida
- Environmental Biology Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hisyam Abdul Hamid
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam Campus , 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Minkyung Jung
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matsunaga
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shigemoto Fujii
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience), National Institutes of Natural Sciences , Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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15
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Superoxide generation from nNOS splice variants and its potential involvement in redox signal regulation. Biochem J 2017; 474:1149-1162. [PMID: 28126743 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated different spacial expression profiles of the neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase (nNOS) splice variants nNOS-µ and nNOS-α in the brain; however, their exact functions are not fully understood. Here, we used electron paramagnetic resonance to compare the electron-uncoupling reactions of recombinant nNOS-µ and nNOS-α that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), in this case superoxide. nNOS-µ generated 44% of the amount of superoxide that nNOS-α generated. We also evaluated the ROS production in HEK293 cells stably expressing nNOS-α and nNOS-µ by investigating these electron-uncoupling reactions as induced by calcium ionophore A23187. A23187 treatment induced greater ROS production in HEK293 cells expressing nNOS-α than those expressing nNOS-µ. Also, immunocytochemical analysis revealed that A23187-treated cells expressing nNOS-α produced more 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, a second messenger in NO/ROS redox signaling, than did the cells expressing nNOS-µ. Molecular evolutionary analysis revealed that the ratio of nonsynonymous sites to synonymous sites for the nNOS-µ-specific region was higher than that for the complete gene, indicating that this region has fewer functional constraints than does the complete gene. These observations shed light on the physiological relevance of the nNOS-µ variant and may improve understanding of nNOS-dependent NO/ROS redox signaling and its pathophysiological consequences in neuronal systems.
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16
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Ahmed KA, Zhang T, Ono K, Tsutsuki H, Ida T, Akashi S, Miyata K, Oike Y, Akaike T, Sawa T. Synthesis and Characterization of 8-Nitroguanosine 3',5'-Cyclic Monophosphorothioate Rp-Isomer as a Potent Inhibitor of Protein Kinase G1α. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 40:365-374. [PMID: 27980245 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinases (PKG) are kinases regulating diverse physiological functions including vascular smooth muscle relaxation, neuronal synaptic plasticity, and platelet activities. Certain PKG inhibitors, such as Rp-diastereomers of derivatives of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate (Rp-cGMPS), have been designed and used to study PKG-regulated cell signaling. 8-Nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP) is an endogenous cGMP derivative formed as a result of excess production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. 8-Nitro-cGMP causes persistent activation of PKG1α through covalent attachment of cGMP moieties to cysteine residues of the enzyme (i.e., the process called protein S-guanylation). In this study, we synthesized a nitrated analogue of Rp-cGMPS, 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate Rp-isomer (Rp-8-nitro-cGMPS), and investigated its effects on PKG1α activity. We synthesized Rp-8-nitro-cGMPS by reacting Rp-8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate (Rp-8-bromo-cGMPS) with sodium nitrite. Rp-8-Nitro-cGMPS reacted with the thiol compounds cysteine and glutathione to form Rp-8-thioalkoxy-cGMPS adducts to a similar extent as did 8-nitro-cGMP. As an important finding, a protein S-guanylation-like modification was clearly observed, by using Western blotting, in the reaction between recombinant PKG1α and Rp-8-nitro-cGMPS. Rp-8-Nitro-cGMPS inhibited PKG1α activity with an inhibitory constant of 22 µM in a competitive manner. An organ bath assay with mouse aorta demonstrated that Rp-8-nitro-cGMPS inhibited vascular relaxation induced by acetylcholine or 8-bromo-cGMP more than Rp-8-bromo-cGMPS did. These findings suggest that Rp-8-nitro-cGMPS inhibits PKG through induction of an S-guanylation-like modification by attaching the Rp-cGMPS moiety to the enzyme. Additional study is warranted to explore the potential application of Rp-8-nitro-cGMPS to biochemical and therapeutic research involving PKG1α activation.
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17
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Redox Signaling Regulated by Cysteine Persulfide and Protein Polysulfidation. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121721. [PMID: 27983699 PMCID: PMC6273478 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, reactive persulfide species including cysteine persulfide (CysSSH) have been known to exist endogenously in organisms. However, the physiological significance of endogenous persulfides remains poorly understood. That cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase produced CysSSH from cystine was recently demonstrated. An endogenous sulfur transfer system involving CysSSH evidently generates glutathione persulfide (GSSH) that exists at concentrations greater than 100 μM in vivo. Because reactive persulfide species such as CysSSH and GSSH have higher nucleophilicity than parental cysteine (Cys) and glutathione do, these reactive species exhibit strong scavenging activities against oxidants, e.g., hydrogen peroxide, and electrophiles, which contributes to redox signaling regulation. Also, several papers indicated that various proteins and enzymes have Cys polysulfides including CysSSH at their specific Cys residues, which is called protein polysulfidation. Apart from the redox signaling regulatory mechanism, another plausible function of protein polysulfidation is providing protection for protein thiol residues against irreversible chemical modification caused by oxidants and electrophiles. Elucidation of the redox signaling regulatory mechanism of reactive persulfide species including small thiol molecules and thiol-containing proteins should lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies and drug discoveries for oxidative and electrophilic stress-related diseases.
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18
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Akaike T. [Host defense and oxidative stress signaling in bacterial infection
]. Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi 2016; 70:339-49. [PMID: 26310178 DOI: 10.3412/jsb.70.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during infection are involved critically in host defense mechanisms. It is quite important to physiologically regulate ROS, such as superoxide, and NO. These reactive species produced in excess may cause oxidative damage of biological molecules. An important cytoprotective and antimicrobial function of NO and ROS is mediated by induction of heme oxygenase (HO)-1. The signaling mechanism of this HO-1 induction has remained unclear, however. We discovered in 2007 a unique second messenger, 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP), that mediates electrophilic signal transduction during oxidative stress and other cellular redox signaling in general. 8-Nitro-cGMP is formed via guanine nitration with NO and ROS, and in fact, NO-dependent 8-nitro-cGMP formation and HO-1 induction were identified in Salmonella-infected mice. HO-1 induction was regulated solely by 8-nitro-cGMP formed in cells, and more important, its potent anti-apoptotic function was evident in such a Salmonella infection. 8-Nitro-cGMP has a potent cytoprotective function, of which signaling appears to be mediated via protein sulfhydryls to generate a post-translational modification called protein S-guanylation. 8-Nitro-cGMP specifically S-guanylates Keap1, a negative regulator of transcription factor Nrf2, which in turn up-regulates transcription of HO-1. Our recent study revealed that the autophagy might be involved in the 8-nitro-cGMP-dependent antimicrobial effect. The 8-nitro-cGMP signaling was also found to be regulated by reactive sulfur species that have superior antioxidant activity and unique signaling function. This review will discuss a new paradigm of the host defense that operates via formation of a unique cell signaling molecule, 8-nitro-cGMP, during microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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19
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Ihara H. [Regulatory mechanism of cytotoxicity by reactive sulfur species]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2016; 147:290-3. [PMID: 27181724 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.147.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Nishida M, Kumagai Y, Ihara H, Fujii S, Motohashi H, Akaike T. Redox signaling regulated by electrophiles and reactive sulfur species. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2016; 58:91-8. [PMID: 27013774 PMCID: PMC4788399 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox signaling is a key modulator of oxidative stress induced by nonspecific insults of biological molecules generated by reactive oxygen species. Current redox biology is revisiting the traditional concept of oxidative stress, such that toxic effects of reactive oxygen species are protected by diverse antioxidant systems upregulated by oxidative stress responses that are physiologically mediated by redox-dependent cell signaling pathways. Redox signaling is thus precisely regulated by endogenous electrophilic substances that are generated from reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide and its derivative reactive species during stress responses. Among electrophiles formed endogenously, 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP) has unique cell signaling functions, and pathways for its biosynthesis, signaling mechanism, and metabolism in cells have been clarified. Reactive sulfur species such as cysteine hydropersulfides that are abundant in cells are likely involved in 8-nitro-cGMP metabolism. These new aspects of redox biology may stimulate innovative and multidisciplinary research in cell and stem cell biology; infectious diseases, cancer, metabolic syndrome, ageing, and neurodegenerative diseases; and other oxidative stress-related disorders. This review focuses on the most recent progress in the biosynthesis, cell signaling, and metabolism of 8-nitro-cGMP, which is a likely target for drug development and lead to discovery of novel therapeutics for many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Nishida
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan; Department of Translational Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shigemoto Fujii
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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