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Shepherd C, Robinson S, Berizzi A, Thompson LEJ, Bird L, Culurgioni S, Varzandeh S, Rawlins PB, Olsen RHJ, Navratilova IH. Surface Plasmon Resonance Screening to Identify Active and Selective Adenosine Receptor Binding Fragments. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1172-1181. [DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Shepherd
- University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
- Kinetic Discovery Ltd., The Schrödinger
Building, Heatley Road, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Robinson
- Exscientia plc, The Schrödinger
Building, Heatley Road, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Berizzi
- Exscientia plc, The Schrödinger
Building, Heatley Road, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, United Kingdom
| | - Laura E. J. Thompson
- Exscientia plc, The Schrödinger
Building, Heatley Road, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Bird
- Kinetic Discovery Ltd., The Schrödinger
Building, Heatley Road, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, United Kingdom
- Exscientia plc, The Schrödinger
Building, Heatley Road, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Culurgioni
- Kinetic Discovery Ltd., The Schrödinger
Building, Heatley Road, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, United Kingdom
- Exscientia plc, The Schrödinger
Building, Heatley Road, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Varzandeh
- Exscientia plc, The Schrödinger
Building, Heatley Road, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, United Kingdom
| | - Philip B. Rawlins
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Reid H. J. Olsen
- Exscientia plc, The Schrödinger
Building, Heatley Road, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, United Kingdom
| | - Iva Hopkins Navratilova
- University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
- Kinetic Discovery Ltd., The Schrödinger
Building, Heatley Road, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, United Kingdom
- Exscientia plc, The Schrödinger
Building, Heatley Road, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, United Kingdom
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2
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Zong B, Yu F, Zhang X, Zhao W, Sun P, Li S, Li L. Understanding How Physical Exercise Improves Alzheimer’s Disease: Cholinergic and Monoaminergic Systems. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:869507. [PMID: 35663578 PMCID: PMC9158463 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.869507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the accumulation of proteinaceous aggregates and neurofibrillary lesions composed of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide and hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau, respectively. It has long been known that dysregulation of cholinergic and monoaminergic (i.e., dopaminergic, serotoninergic, and noradrenergic) systems is involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Abnormalities in neuronal activity, neurotransmitter signaling input, and receptor function exaggerate Aβ deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Maintenance of normal neurotransmission is essential to halt AD progression. Most neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter-related drugs modulate the pathology of AD and improve cognitive function through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Exercise therapies provide an important alternative or adjunctive intervention for AD. Cumulative evidence indicates that exercise can prevent multiple pathological features found in AD and improve cognitive function through delaying the degeneration of cholinergic and monoaminergic neurons; increasing levels of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine; and modulating the activity of certain neurotransmitter-related GPCRs. Emerging insights into the mechanistic links among exercise, the neurotransmitter system, and AD highlight the potential of this intervention as a therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Zong
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengzhi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenrui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shichang Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Li,
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3
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Barbaro L, Rodriguez AL, Blevins AN, Dickerson JW, Billard N, Boutaud O, Rook JL, Niswender CM, Conn P, Engers DW, Lindsley CW. Discovery of "Molecular Switches" within a Series of mGlu 5 Allosteric Ligands Driven by a "Magic Methyl" Effect Affording Both PAMs and NAMs with In Vivo Activity, Derived from an M 1 PAM Chemotype. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2021; 1:21-30. [PMID: 37101980 PMCID: PMC10114714 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.1c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
In the course of optimizing an M1 PAM chemotype, introduction of an ether moiety unexpectedly abolished M1 PAM activity while engendering a "molecular switch" to afford a weak, pure mGlu5 PAM. Further optimization was able to deliver a potent (mGlu5 EC50 = 520 nM, 63% Glu Max), centrally penetrant (Kp = 0.83), MPEP-site binding mGlu5 PAM 17a (VU6036486) that reversed amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion. A pronounced "magic methyl" effect was noted with a regioisomeric methyl congener, leading to a change in pharmacology to afford a potent (mGlu5 IC50 = 110 nM, 3% Glu Min), centrally penetrant (Kp = 0.94), MPEP-site binding NAM 28d (VU6044766) that displayed anxiolytic activity in a mouse marble burying assay. These data further support the growing body of literature concerning the existence of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) allosteric privileged structures, and the value and impact of subtle methyl group walks, as well as the highly productive fluorine walk, around allosteric ligand cores to stabilize unique GPCR conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Barbaro
- Warren
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Alice L. Rodriguez
- Warren
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Ashlyn N. Blevins
- Warren
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jonathan W. Dickerson
- Warren
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Natasha Billard
- Warren
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Olivier Boutaud
- Warren
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jerri L. Rook
- Warren
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Colleen M. Niswender
- Warren
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - P.Jeffrey Conn
- Warren
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Darren W. Engers
- Warren
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Warren
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Phone: 615-322-8700. Fax: 615-343-3088.
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4
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Gregory KJ, Bridges TM, Gogliotti RG, Stauffer SR, Noetzel MJ, Jones CK, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ, Niswender CM. In Vitro to in Vivo Translation of Allosteric Modulator Concentration-Effect Relationships: Implications for Drug Discovery. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019; 2:442-452. [PMID: 32259076 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric modulation of GPCRs represents an increasingly explored approach in drug development. Due to complex pharmacology, however, the relationship(s) between modulator properties determined in vitro with in vivo concentration-effect phenomena is frequently unclear. We investigated key pharmacological properties of a set of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) and their relevance to in vivo concentration-response relationships. These studies identified a significant relationship between in vitro PAM cooperativity (αβ), as well as the maximal response obtained from a simple in vitro PAM concentration-response experiment, with in vivo efficacy for reversal of amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion. This correlation did not exist with PAM potency or affinity. Data across PAMs were then converged to calculate an in vivo concentration of glutamate putatively relevant to the mGlu5 PAM mechanism of action. This work demonstrates the ability to merge in vitro pharmacology profiles with relevant behavioral outcomes and also provides a novel method to estimate neurotransmitter concentrations in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Thomas M Bridges
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Rocco G Gogliotti
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Meredith J Noetzel
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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Bender AM, Garrison AT, Lindsley CW. The Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor M 5: Therapeutic Implications and Allosteric Modulation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1025-1034. [PMID: 30280567 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtype 5 (M5) was the most recent mAChR to be cloned and has since emerged as a potential therapeutic target for a number of indications. Early studies with knockout animals have provided clues to the receptor's role in physiological processes related to Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and addiction, and until recently, useful subtype-selective tools to further probe the pharmacology of M5 have remained elusive. Small-molecule allosteric modulators have since gained traction as a means by which to selectively examine muscarinic pharmacology. This review highlights the discovery and optimization of M5 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) and negative allosteric modulators (NAMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Bender
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Aaron T. Garrison
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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6
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Kenakin T. Analytical Pharmacology: How Numbers Can Guide Drug Discovery. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019; 2:9-17. [PMID: 32219213 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.8b00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The unique ways in which pharmacological data compares to mathematical models are described. Examples show that insights into agonist action (prediction of agonism in vivo) and antagonist mechanism of action (orthosteric vs allosteric) can be gained that assist in the candidate selection process for new drugs in drug discovery and development efforts. In addition, the impact of component processes on complex physiological systems can be delineated, such as the effects of the hepatic system on whole body clearance in pharmacokinetics and prediction of drug-drug interactions. Finally, models are instrumental in the procurement of universal drug parameters that can be used in medicinal chemistry-based structure-activity relationships. The revitalization of these ideas under the banner of "Analytical Pharmacology" may serve to re-emphasize these concepts over qualitative description and lead to a better foundation for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Kenakin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
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7
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Bender AM, Cho HP, Nance KD, Lingenfelter KS, Luscombe VB, Gentry PR, Voigtritter K, Berizzi AE, Sexton PM, Langmead CJ, Christopoulos A, Locuson CW, Bridges TM, Chang S, O’Neill JC, Zhan X, Niswender CM, Jones CK, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW. Discovery and Optimization of Potent and CNS Penetrant M 5-Preferring Positive Allosteric Modulators Derived from a Novel, Chiral N-(Indanyl)piperidine Amide Scaffold. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1572-1581. [PMID: 29678111 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacology of the M5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) is the least understood of the five mAChR subtypes due to a historic lack of selective small molecule tools. To address this shortcoming, we have continued the optimization effort around the prototypical M5 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) ML380 and have discovered and optimized a new series of M5 PAMs based on a chiral N-(indanyl)piperidine amide core with robust SAR, human and rat M5 PAM EC50 values <100 nM and rat brain/plasma Kp values of ∼0.40. Interestingly, unlike M1 and M4 PAMs with unprecedented mAChR subtype selectivity, this series of M5 PAMs displayed varying degrees of PAM activity at the other two natively Gq-coupled mAChRs, M1 and M3, yet were inactive at M2 and M4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alice E. Berizzi
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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