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Adarsh Krishna TP, Ajeesh Krishna TP, Edachery B, Antony Ceasar S. Guggulsterone - a potent bioactive phytosteroid: synthesis, structural modification, and its improved bioactivities. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:55-69. [PMID: 38283224 PMCID: PMC10809385 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00432e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Guggulsterone is a phytosteroid derived from the oleo-gum resin of the critically endangered plant Commiphora wightii. This molecule has attracted increasing attention due to its excellent biochemistry potential and the compound has consequently been evaluated in clinical trials. With a low concentration in natural resources but wide medicinal and therapeutic value, chemists have developed several synthetic routes for guggulsterone starting from various steroid precursors. Moreover, numerous studies have attempted to modify its structure to improve the biological properties. Nowadays, green and sustainable chemistry has also attracted more attention for advanced chemical processes and reactions in steroid chemistry. The present review aimed to summarize the literature and provide an update about the improvements in the chemical synthesis and structural modification of guggulsterone from the view of green chemistry. Moreover, this review encompasses the improved activities of structurally modified guggulsterone derivatives. We expect that the information provided here will be useful to researchers working in this field and on this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Adarsh Krishna
- R & D Division, Sreedhareeyam Farmherbs India Pvt. Ltd Kerala 686 662 India
| | - T P Ajeesh Krishna
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences Kochi Kerala 683 104 India
- Division of Phytochemistry and Drug-Design, Department of Bioscience, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences Kochi Kerala 683 104 India
| | - Baldev Edachery
- R & D Division, Sreedhareeyam Farmherbs India Pvt. Ltd Kerala 686 662 India
| | - S Antony Ceasar
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences Kochi Kerala 683 104 India
- Division of Phytochemistry and Drug-Design, Department of Bioscience, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences Kochi Kerala 683 104 India
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Hammouda MM, Elattar KM, Rashed MM, Osman AMA. Synthesis, biological activities, and future perspectives of steroidal monocyclic pyridines. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1934-1972. [PMID: 37859725 PMCID: PMC10583814 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00411b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroidal pyridines are a class of compounds that have been the subject of extensive research in recent years due to their potential biological activities. The introduction of a pyridine ring into the steroid skeleton can significantly alter the chemical and biological properties of the compound, making it more potent and/or selective for a particular target. Different synthetic methods have been developed for the preparation of steroidal pyridines. This review provides an overview of the synthesis, biological activities, and future perspectives of steroidal monocyclic dihydropyridines, tetrahydropyridines, and pyridines from 2005 to the present. The different synthetic methods that have been developed for the preparation of these steroids are discussed, as well as the proposed mechanisms and the biological activities that have been reported. Finally, the potential of steroidal monocyclic pyridines for the development of new drugs is discussed. This review is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the field of steroidal monocyclic pyridines for researchers and scientists who are interested in this area of research. It is also hoped that this review will stimulate further research into the synthesis and biological activities of steroidal pyridines to develop new and improved drugs for the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Hammouda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj 11942 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - Khaled M Elattar
- Unit of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt +201010655354
| | - Marwa M Rashed
- Toxicology Department, Mansoura Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - Amany M A Osman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj 11942 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University Shebin El-Koam Egypt
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Borah K, Bora K, Mallik S, Zhao Z. Potential Therapeutic Agents on Alzheimer's Disease through Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of Plant-Based Compounds. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200684. [PMID: 36480442 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Globally Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly complex, heterogeneous, and multifactorial neurological disease. AD is categorized clinically through a steady loss in memory and progressive decline of cognitive function. So far, there is no effective cure is available for the treatment of AD. Here, we identified Plant-based compounds (PBCs) from seven therapeutic plants through pharmacophore and pharmacokinetics approaches. Subsequently, we retrieved 65 AD associated proteins by Text Mining approach .We observed the interactions between 39 PBCs with 65 AD-associated targets by using molecular docking. Further, we carried out Molecular dynamics simulation analysis to predict the steady binding of top drug-target complexes. The entire MD simulation results analysis was evidence that seven drug-target complexes consistently interacted during the in silico experiment. The top complexes were the target CHLE interacted with 2 PBCs (Pseudojujubogenin and Anahygrine), target VDAC1 interacted with Withanolide R, target THOP1 interacted with Withaolide R, target AOFB interacted with 2 PBCs (Nardostachysin and Viscosalactone B), and target ACHE interacted with the drug (12-Deoxywithastramonolide). These PBCs have stably and flexibly interacted at the protein's active site region. Our results suggest that these PBCs and targets are potential therapeutic candidates for molecular development in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasmika Borah
- Cotton University, Computer Science and IT Department, Hem Baruah Rd, Pan Bazaar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India
| | - Kangkana Bora
- Cotton University, Computer Science and IT Department, Hem Baruah Rd, Pan Bazaar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India
| | - Saurav Mallik
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Huo H, Li G, Shi B, Li J. Recent advances on synthesis and biological activities of C-17 aza-heterocycle derived steroids. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 69:116882. [PMID: 35749841 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Steroids modification for improving their biological activities is one of the most efficient and fruitful methods to develop novel medicines. Steroids with aza-heterocycles attaching to the C-17 owing various biological activities have received great attentions and some of the compounds are developed successfully as drugs. In this review, the research of the syntheses and biological activities of steroids bearing various aza-heterocycles published in the last 8 years is assembled, and some important structure-activity relationships (SARs) of active compounds are presented. According to the analysis of the literatures and our experiences in this field, the potential of aza-heterocyclic steroids as medicinal drugs is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Huo
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, Shanxi, China
| | - Guixia Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Baojun Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, Shanxi, China; Department of Chemistry, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, Shanxi, China.
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Minami K, Ohmatsu K, Ooi T. Hydrogen-Atom-Transfer-Mediated Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Cross-Coupling Enabled by Multiple Catalytic Functions of Zwitterionic Triazolium Amidate. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Minami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Ohmatsu
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takashi Ooi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Nongthombam GS, Boruah RC. D-Ring modification of steroids: synthesis of isoxazole annulated steroids from des D-formyl alkyne via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.1955930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Romesh Chandra Boruah
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science & Technology Division, CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat, India
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Sun Y, Gao P, Zhu L, Li Z, Zhao R, Li C, Shan L. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 17-cyanopyridine derivatives of pregnenolone as potential anti-prostate cancer agents. Steroids 2021; 171:108841. [PMID: 33901535 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of new 17-cyanopyridine derivatives of pregnenolone have been synthesized, and their anti-proliferative activities against different human cancer cell lines were tested. The extensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) data suggested that the introduction of 2-amino-4-aryl-3-cyanopyridine to the D ring of pregnenolone may increase the anti-cancer activity. Among the products, the most potent compound 4j exhibited good growth inhibition against all the tested cells especially for PC- 3 cells with an IC50 value of 2.0 μM. Further mechanistic studies showed that 4j inhibited the formation of cell colonies and migration, increased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PC-3 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, and induced necroptosis through the phosphorylation of receptor interacting protein 1/3 (P-RIP1/3) and phosphorylation of mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (P-MLKL) pathway. The 17-pregnenolone cyanopyridine derivatives hold promising potential as anti-proliferative agents, and the most potent compound could be used as a starting point for the development of new steroidal heterocycles with improved anticancer potency and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Peipei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 5, Dong San Dao Xiang, Jiefang Road, Taiyuan 030009, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Ruiyun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Congyu Li
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Lihong Shan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China.
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Augmentation of steroidal β-formylenamide with pyrazolo and benzimidazo moieties: A tandem approach to highly fluorescent steroidal heterocycles. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.152893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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A simple, eco-friendly and green approach to synthesis of blue photoluminescent potassium-doped graphene oxide from agriculture waste for bio-imaging applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109970. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Vchislo NV. α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes as C‐Building Blocks in the Synthesis of Pyridines, 1,4‐Dihydropyridines and 1,2‐Dihydropyridines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. V. Vchislo
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of ChemistrySiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 1 Favorsky Street 664033 Irkutsk Russian Federation
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