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Perveen S, Negi A, Saini S, Gangwar A, Sharma R. Identification of Chemical Scaffolds Targeting Drug-Resistant and Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis through High-Throughput Whole-Cell Screening. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:513-526. [PMID: 38238154 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Identification of structurally unique chemical entities targeting unexplored bacterial targets is a prerequisite to combat increasing drug resistance against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study employed a whole-cell screening approach as an initial filter to scrutinize a 10,000-compound chemical library, resulting in the discovery of seven potent compounds with MIC values ranging from 1.56 to 25 μM. These compounds were categorized into four distinct chemical groups. Remarkably, they demonstrated efficacy against drug-resistant and nonreplicating tuberculosis strains, highlighting their effectiveness across different infection states. With a favorable selectivity index (>10), these compounds showed a safe therapeutic range and exhibited potency in an intracellular model of Mtb infection, mimicking the in vivo setup. Combining these identified hits with established anti-TB drugs revealed additive effects with rifampicin, isoniazid, and bedaquiline. Notably, IIIM-IDD-01 exhibited synergy with isoniazid and bedaquiline, likely due to their complementary mechanisms of targeting Mtb. Most potent hits, IIIM-IDD-01 and IIIM-IDD-02, displayed time- and concentration-dependent killing of Mtb. Mechanistic insights were sought through SEM and docking studies, although comprehensive evaluation is ongoing to unravel the hits' specific targets and modes of action. The hits demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetic properties (ADME-Tox) and showed a low risk of adverse effects, along with a predicted high level of oral bioavailability. These promising hits can serve as an initial basis for subsequent medicinal chemistry endeavors aimed at developing a new series of anti-TB agents. Moreover, the study affirms the significance of high-throughput in vitro assays for the TB drug discovery. It also emphasizes the necessity of targeting diverse TB strains to address the heterogeneity of tuberculosis bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summaya Perveen
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anjali Negi
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sapna Saini
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anjali Gangwar
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rashmi Sharma
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Singh V, Dziwornu GA, Chibale K. The implication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-mediated metabolism of targeted xenobiotics. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:340-354. [PMID: 37117810 PMCID: PMC10026799 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00472-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Drug metabolism is generally associated with liver enzymes. However, in the case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), Mtb-mediated drug metabolism plays a significant role in treatment outcomes. Mtb is equipped with enzymes that catalyse biotransformation reactions on xenobiotics with consequences either in its favour or as a hindrance by deactivating or activating chemical entities, respectively. Considering the range of chemical reactions involved in the biosynthetic pathways of Mtb, information related to the biotransformation of antitubercular compounds would provide opportunities for the development of new chemical tools to study successful TB infections while also highlighting potential areas for drug discovery, host-directed therapy, dose optimization and elucidation of mechanisms of action. In this Review, we discuss Mtb-mediated biotransformations and propose a holistic approach to address drug metabolism in TB drug discovery and related areas. ![]()
Mycobacterium tuberculosis-mediated metabolism of xenobiotics poses an important research question for antitubercular drug discovery. Identification of the metabolic fate of compounds can inform requisite structure–activity relationship strategies early on in a drug discovery programme towards improving the properties of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Singh
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Holistic Drug Discovery and Development (H3D) Centre, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Godwin Akpeko Dziwornu
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Holistic Drug Discovery and Development (H3D) Centre, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Holistic Drug Discovery and Development (H3D) Centre, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- grid.7836.a0000 0004 1937 1151Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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Finger V, Kufa M, Soukup O, Castagnolo D, Roh J, Korabecny J. Pyrimidine derivatives with antitubercular activity. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:114946. [PMID: 36459759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Small molecules with antitubercular activity containing the pyrimidine motif in their structure have gained more attention after three drugs, namely GSK 2556286 (GSK-286), TBA-7371 and SPR720, have entered clinical trials. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the hit-to-lead drug discovery studies of antitubercular pyrimidine-containing compounds with the aim to highlight their structural diversity. In the first part, the review discusses the pyrimidine compounds according to their targets, pinpointing the structure-activity relationships of each pyrimidine family. The second part of this review is concentrated on antitubercular pyrimidine derivatives with a yet unexplored or speculative target, dividing the compounds according to their structural types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Finger
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec, Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kufa
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec, Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec, Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daniele Castagnolo
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec, Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Pant S, Nain S. Recent Advances in the Development of Pyrimidine-based CNS Agents. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2023; 20:14-28. [PMID: 36200187 DOI: 10.2174/1570163819666221003094402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past few decades, considerable progress has been made in CNS drug discovery, and various new CNS agents have been developed. Pyrimidine is an important scaffold in the area of medicinal chemistry. Recently, pyrimidine-containing compounds have been successfully designed as potent CNS agents. Substantial research has been carried out on pyrimidine-bearing compounds to treat different disorders of CNS in various animal models. METHODS Utilizing various databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science, the literature review was conducted. The specifics of significant articles were discussed with an emphasis on the potency of pyrimidines derivatives possessing CNS activity. RESULTS Recent papers indicating pyrimidine derivatives with CNS activity were incorporated into the manuscript. (46) to (50) papers included different pyrimidine derivatives as 5-HT agonist/antagonists, (62) to (67) as adenosine agonist/antagonist, (70) to (75) as anticonvulsant agents, (80) to (83) as cannabinoid receptor agonists, (102) to (103) as nicotinic and (110) as muscarinic receptor agonists. The remaining papers (113) to (114) represented pyrimidine-based molecular imaging agents. CONCLUSION Pyrimidine and its derivatives have been studied in detail to evaluate their efficacy in overcoming multiple central nervous system disorders. The article covers the current updates on pyrimidine-based compounds as potent CNS and molecular imaging agents and will definitely provide a better platform for the development of potent pyrimidine-based CNS drugs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Pant
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Sumitra Nain
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
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Kuppuswamy U, Rajan RK, Kumar A, Ramanathan M. In-silico and in-vitro analysis of novel substituted benzimidazolyl derivatives for antimycobacterial potentials targeting enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA). FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The emergence of mutated drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has reinvigorated the development of effective chemotherapy for MDR-TB (multidrug-resistant resistance tuberculosis). Enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) involved in the mycobacterial fatty acid elongation system has been chosen as a potential target.
Result
All of the lead compounds had a definite Rf value and a sharp melting point, confirming that no tautomeric forms exist and that the keto (CO) group is apparent in the IR and 13C NMR spectrum data. Structure-based drug design revealed the presence of amino acid residues like TYR 158, ILE 194, and PHE 149 which are crucial for InhA inhibitory activity and were considered favorable interactions. Among all, compounds 4, 5a, and 5c showed better docking and binding free energy owing to favorable interactions. Interestingly, there was a strong correlation between the binding free energy and the antimycobacterial susceptibility assay, where compounds 4, 5a, and 5c had greater activity. All the lead compounds also had good oral absorption and gut permeability. The presence of a carboxylic linker (–COOH–) between benzimidazole and the rest of the structure of the lead compounds was found to be crucial for activity as the oxygen atom and hydroxyl group of the linker formed most of the favorable interactions. The presence of chlorophenyl showed a favorable effect on InhA inhibition which might be owing to its hydrophobic interaction with PHE 149.
Conclusion
Three of the seven lead compounds synthesized had an IC value of approximately 0.5 μg/ml in the in-vitro Alamar blue assay against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain, which is roughly comparable to the standard marketed drug, Isoniazid (INH). This manifestation of promising activity that resulted from combining in-silico and wet lab experimentation could be a great starting point for developing potent antimycobacterial agents to combat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
Graphical abstract
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Dhameliya TM, Devani AA, Patel KA, Shah KC. Comprehensive Coverage on Anti‐mycobacterial Endeavour Reported in 2021. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aanal A. Devani
- L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura Ahmedabad 380 009 Gujarat India
| | - Krupa A. Patel
- L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura Ahmedabad 380 009 Gujarat India
| | - Kashvi C. Shah
- L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura Ahmedabad 380 009 Gujarat India
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Hassan AS, Morsy NM, Awad HM, Ragab A. Synthesis, molecular docking, and in silico ADME prediction of some fused pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and pyrazole derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-021-02319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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