1
|
Srivastava A, Verma N, Kumar V, Apoorva P, Agarwal V. Biofilm inhibition/eradication: exploring strategies and confronting challenges in combatting biofilm. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:212. [PMID: 38616221 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03938-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms enclosed in a self-produced extracellular matrix, posing a significant threat to different sectors, including healthcare and industry. This review provides an overview of the challenges faced due to biofilm formation and different novel strategies that can combat biofilm formation. Bacteria inside the biofilm exhibit increased resistance against different antimicrobial agents, including conventional antibiotics, which can lead to severe problems in livestock and animals, including humans. In addition, biofilm formation also imposes heavy economic pressure on industries. Hence it becomes necessary to explore newer alternatives to eradicate biofilms effectively without applying selection pressure on the bacteria. Excessive usage of antibiotics may also lead to an increase in the number of resistant strains as bacteria employ an advanced antimicrobial resistance mechanism. This review provides insight into multifaceted technologies like quorum sensing inhibition, enzymes, antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophage, phytocompounds, and nanotechnology to neutralize biofilms without developing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Furthermore, it will pave the way for developing newer therapeutic agents to deal with biofilms more efficiently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pragati Apoorva
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vishnu Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alves de Lima e Silva A, Rio-Tinto A. Ebselen: A Promising Repurposing Drug to Treat Infections Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Microorganisms. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2024; 2024:9109041. [PMID: 38586592 PMCID: PMC10998725 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9109041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial multiresistance to drugs is a rapidly growing global phenomenon. New resistance mechanisms have been described in different bacterial pathogens, threatening the effective treatment of even common infectious diseases. The problem worsens in infections associated with biofilms because, in addition to the pathogen's multiresistance, the biofilm provides a barrier that prevents antimicrobial access. Several "non-antibiotic" drugs have antimicrobial activity, even though it is not their primary therapeutic purpose. However, due to the urgent need to develop effective antimicrobials to treat diseases caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens, there has been an increase in research into "non-antibiotic" drugs to offer an alternative therapy through the so-called drug repositioning or repurposing. The prospect of new uses for existing drugs has the advantage of reducing the time and effort required to develop new compounds. Moreover, many drugs are already well characterized regarding toxicity and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties. Ebselen has shown promise for use as a repurposing drug for antimicrobial purposes. It is a synthetic organoselenium with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytoprotective activity. A very attractive factor for using ebselen is that, in addition to potent antimicrobial activity, its minimum inhibitory concentration is very low for microbial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agostinho Alves de Lima e Silva
- Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Microorganisms, Biomedical Institute, DMP, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 20211-030, Brazil
| | - André Rio-Tinto
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Cocci and Microbiota, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-853, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gvozdev MY, Turomsha IS, Savich VV, Faletrov YV, Sidarenka AV, Shkumatov VM, Loginova NV. Sterically hindered phenolic derivatives: effect on the production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors, high-throughput virtual screening and ADME properties prediction. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:91. [PMID: 38316691 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03827-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Inhibition of quorum sensing is considered to be an effective strategy of control and treatment of a wide range of acute and persistent infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterium with a high adaptation potential that contributes to healthcare-associated infections. In the present study, the effects of the synthesized hybrid structures bearing sterically hindered phenolic and heterocyclic moieties in a single scaffold on the production of virulence factors by P. aeruginosa were determined. It has been shown that the obtained compounds significantly reduce both pyocyanin and alginate production and stimulate the biosynthesis of siderophores in vitro, which may be attributed to their iron-chelating properties. The results of docking-based inverse high-throughput virtual screening indicate that transcription regulator LasR and Cu-transporter OPRC could be potential molecular targets for these compounds. Investigation of the impact small molecules exert on the molecular mechanisms of the production of bacterial virulence factors may pave the way for the design and development of novel antibacterial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Y Gvozdev
- Faculty of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya Str. 14, Minsk, Belarus
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya Str. 14, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Iveta S Turomsha
- Faculty of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya Str. 14, Minsk, Belarus
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya Str. 14, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Viktoryia V Savich
- Institute of Microbiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Yaroslav V Faletrov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya Str. 14, Minsk, Belarus
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya Str. 14, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Anastasiya V Sidarenka
- Institute of Microbiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Vladimir M Shkumatov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya Str. 14, Minsk, Belarus
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya Str. 14, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Natalia V Loginova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya Str. 14, Minsk, Belarus.
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya Str. 14, Minsk, Belarus.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Di Bonaventura G, Lupetti V, Di Giulio A, Muzzi M, Piccirilli A, Cariani L, Pompilio A. Repurposing High-Throughput Screening Identifies Unconventional Drugs with Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa under Experimental Conditions Relevant to Cystic Fibrosis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0035223. [PMID: 37306577 PMCID: PMC10433973 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00352-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common pathogen infecting cystic fibrosis (CF) lungs, causing acute and chronic infections. Intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance allow P. aeruginosa to colonize and persist despite antibiotic treatment, making new therapeutic approaches necessary. Combining high-throughput screening and drug repurposing is an effective way to develop new therapeutic uses for drugs. This study screened a drug library of 3,386 drugs, mostly FDA approved, to identify antimicrobials against P. aeruginosa under physicochemical conditions relevant to CF-infected lungs. Based on the antibacterial activity, assessed spectrophotometrically against the prototype RP73 strain and 10 other CF virulent strains, and the toxic potential evaluated toward CF IB3-1 bronchial epithelial cells, five potential hits were selected for further analysis: the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant ebselen, the anticancer drugs tirapazamine, carmofur, and 5-fluorouracil, and the antifungal tavaborole. A time-kill assay showed that ebselen has the potential to cause rapid and dose-dependent bactericidal activity. The antibiofilm activity was evaluated by viable cell count and crystal violet assays, revealing carmofur and 5-fluorouracil as the most active drugs in preventing biofilm formation regardless of the concentration. In contrast, tirapazamine and tavaborole were the only drugs actively dispersing preformed biofilms. Tavaborole was the most active drug against CF pathogens other than P. aeruginosa, especially against Burkholderia cepacia and Acinetobacter baumannii, while carmofur, ebselen, and tirapazamine were particularly active against Staphylococcus aureus and B. cepacia. Electron microscopy and propidium iodide uptake assay revealed that ebselen, carmofur, and tirapazamine significantly damage cell membranes, with leakage and cytoplasm loss, by increasing membrane permeability. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic resistance makes it urgent to design new strategies for treating pulmonary infections in CF patients. The repurposing approach accelerates drug discovery and development, as the drugs' general pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological properties are already well known. In the present study, for the first time, a high-throughput compound library screening was performed under experimental conditions relevant to CF-infected lungs. Among 3,386 drugs screened, the clinically used drugs from outside infection treatment ebselen, tirapazamine, carmofur, 5-fluorouracil, and tavaborole showed, although to different extents, anti-P. aeruginosa activity against planktonic and biofilm cells and broad-spectrum activity against other CF pathogens at concentrations not toxic to bronchial epithelial cells. The mode-of-action studies revealed ebselen, carmofur, and tirapazamine targeted the cell membrane, increasing its permeability with subsequent cell lysis. These drugs are strong candidates for repurposing for treating CF lung P. aeruginosa infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Veronica Lupetti
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandra Piccirilli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Lisa Cariani
- Microbiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Pompilio
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Antibacterial Activity of Ebselen. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021610. [PMID: 36675123 PMCID: PMC9864093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebselen is a low-molecular-weight organoselenium compound that has been broadly studied for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties. These advantageous properties were initially associated with mimicking the activity of selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase, but the biomedical impact of this compound appear to be far more complex. Ebselen serves as a substrate or inhibitor with multiple protein/enzyme targets, whereas inhibition typically originates from the covalent modification of cysteine residues by opening the benzisoselenazolone ring and S-Se bond formation. The inhibition of enzymes of various classes and origins has been associated with substantial antimicrobial potential among other activities. In this contribution, we summarize the current state of the art regarding the antibacterial activity of ebselen. This activity, alone and in combination with commercial pharmaceuticals, against pathogens, including those resistant to drugs, is presented, together with the molecular mechanism behind the reactivity. The specific inactivation of thioredoxin reductase, bacterial toxins, and other resistance factors is considered to have certain therapeutic implications. Synergistic action and sensitization to common antibiotics assisted with the use of ebselen appear to be promising directions in the treatment of persistent infections.
Collapse
|
6
|
Liao C, Huang X, Wang Q, Yao D, Lu W. Virulence Factors of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Antivirulence Strategies to Combat Its Drug Resistance. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:926758. [PMID: 35873152 PMCID: PMC9299443 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.926758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infections in severely ill and immunocompromised patients. Ubiquitously disseminated in the environment, especially in hospitals, it has become a major threat to human health due to the constant emergence of drug-resistant strains. Multiple resistance mechanisms are exploited by P. aeruginosa, which usually result in chronic infections difficult to eradicate. Diverse virulence factors responsible for bacterial adhesion and colonization, host immune suppression, and immune escape, play important roles in the pathogenic process of P. aeruginosa. As such, antivirulence treatment that aims at reducing virulence while sparing the bacterium for its eventual elimination by the immune system, or combination therapies, has significant advantages over traditional antibiotic therapy, as the former imposes minimal selective pressure on P. aeruginosa, thus less likely to induce drug resistance. In this review, we will discuss the virulence factors of P. aeruginosa, their pathogenic roles, and recent advances in antivirulence drug discovery for the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongbing Liao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education (MOE)/National Health Commission (NHC)/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)), School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education (MOE)/National Health Commission (NHC)/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)), School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education (MOE)/National Health Commission (NHC)/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)), School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education (MOE)/National Health Commission (NHC)/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)), School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuyuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education (MOE)/National Health Commission (NHC)/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS)), School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Poulin MB, Kuperman LL. Regulation of Biofilm Exopolysaccharide Production by Cyclic Di-Guanosine Monophosphate. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:730980. [PMID: 34566936 PMCID: PMC8461298 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.730980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many bacterial species in nature possess the ability to transition into a sessile lifestyle and aggregate into cohesive colonies, known as biofilms. Within a biofilm, bacterial cells are encapsulated within an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) comprised of polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other small molecules. The transition from planktonic growth to the biofilm lifecycle provides numerous benefits to bacteria, such as facilitating adherence to abiotic surfaces, evasion of a host immune system, and resistance to common antibiotics. As a result, biofilm-forming bacteria contribute to 65% of infections in humans, and substantially increase the energy and time required for treatment and recovery. Several biofilm specific exopolysaccharides, including cellulose, alginate, Pel polysaccharide, and poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG), have been shown to play an important role in bacterial biofilm formation and their production is strongly correlated with pathogenicity and virulence. In many bacteria the biosynthetic machineries required for assembly of these exopolysaccharides are regulated by common signaling molecules, with the second messenger cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) playing an especially important role in the post-translational activation of exopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Research on treatments of antibiotic-resistant and biofilm-forming bacteria through direct targeting of c-di-GMP signaling has shown promise, including peptide-based treatments that sequester intracellular c-di-GMP. In this review, we will examine the direct role c-di-GMP plays in the biosynthesis and export of biofilm exopolysaccharides with a focus on the mechanism of post-translational activation of these pathways, as well as describe novel approaches to inhibit biofilm formation through direct targeting of c-di-GMP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myles B Poulin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Laura L Kuperman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sharma A, Kumar D, Dahiya K, Hawthorne S, Jha SK, Jha NK, Nand P, Girgis S, Raj S, Srivastava R, Goswami VK, Gregoriou Y, El-Zahaby SA, Ojha S, Dureja H, Gupta G, Singh S, Chellappan DK, Dua K. Advances in pulmonary drug delivery targeting microbial biofilms in respiratory diseases. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:1905-1923. [PMID: 34348474 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing burden of respiratory diseases caused by microbial infections poses an immense threat to global health. This review focuses on the various types of biofilms that affect the respiratory system and cause pulmonary infections, specifically bacterial biofilms. The article also sheds light on the current strategies employed for the treatment of such pulmonary infection-causing biofilms. The potential of nanocarriers as an effective treatment modality for pulmonary infections is discussed, along with the challenges faced during treatment and the measures that may be implemented to overcome these. Understanding the primary approaches of treatment against biofilm infection and applications of drug-delivery systems that employ nanoparticle-based approaches in the disruption of biofilms are of utmost interest which may guide scientists to explore the vistas of biofilm research while determining suitable treatment modalities for pulmonary respiratory infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sharma
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science & Research (SBSR), Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, India
| | - Dhruv Kumar
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Sec-125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Kajal Dahiya
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science & Research (SBSR), Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, India
| | - Susan Hawthorne
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, India
| | - Parma Nand
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, India
| | - Samuel Girgis
- School of Pharmacy, University of Sunderland, Chester Road, Sunderland, SR1 3SD, UK
| | - Sibi Raj
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Sec-125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Rashi Srivastava
- Institute of Engineering & Technology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226021, India
| | - Vineet Kumar Goswami
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Basic & Applied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Education City, Sohna Road, Gurugram, Haryana, 122103, India
| | - Yiota Gregoriou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pure & Applied Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sally A El-Zahaby
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, PO Box-17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Sachin Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sharma A, Kumar D, Dahiya K, Hawthorne S, Jha SK, Jha NK, Nand P, Girgis S, Raj S, Srivastava R, Goswami VK, Gregoriou Y, El-Zahaby SA, Ojha S, Dureja H, Gupta G, Singh S, Chellappan DK, Dua K. Advances in pulmonary drug delivery targeting microbial biofilms in respiratory diseases. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2021-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing burden of respiratory diseases caused by microbial infections poses an immense threat to global health. This review focuses on the various types of biofilms that affect the respiratory system and cause pulmonary infections, specifically bacterial biofilms. The article also sheds light on the current strategies employed for the treatment of such pulmonary infection-causing biofilms. The potential of nanocarriers as an effective treatment modality for pulmonary infections is discussed, along with the challenges faced during treatment and the measures that may be implemented to overcome these. Understanding the primary approaches of treatment against biofilm infection and applications of drug-delivery systems that employ nanoparticle-based approaches in the disruption of biofilms are of utmost interest which may guide scientists to explore the vistas of biofilm research while determining suitable treatment modalities for pulmonary respiratory infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sharma
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science & Research (SBSR), Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, India
| | - Dhruv Kumar
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Sec-125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Kajal Dahiya
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science & Research (SBSR), Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, India
| | - Susan Hawthorne
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, India
| | - Parma Nand
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, India
| | - Samuel Girgis
- School of Pharmacy, University of Sunderland, Chester Road, Sunderland, SR1 3SD, UK
| | - Sibi Raj
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Sec-125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Rashi Srivastava
- Institute of Engineering & Technology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226021, India
| | - Vineet Kumar Goswami
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Basic & Applied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Education City, Sohna Road, Gurugram, Haryana, 122103, India
| | - Yiota Gregoriou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pure & Applied Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sally A El-Zahaby
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, PO Box-17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Sachin Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ebselen and Analogues: Pharmacological Properties and Synthetic Strategies for Their Preparation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144230. [PMID: 34299505 PMCID: PMC8306772 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebselen is the leader of selenorganic compounds, and starting from its identification as mimetic of the key antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase, several papers have appeared in literature claiming its biological activities. It was the subject of several clinical trials and it is currently in clinical evaluation for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Given our interest in the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of selenorganic derivatives with this review, we aimed to collect all the papers focused on the biological evaluation of ebselen and its close analogues, covering the timeline between 2016 and most of 2021. Our analysis evidences that, even if it lacks specificity when tested in vitro, being able to bind to every reactive cysteine, it proved to be always well tolerated in vivo, exerting no sign of toxicity whatever the administered doses. Besides, looking at the literature, we realized that no review article dealing with the synthetic approaches for the construction of the benzo[d][1,2]-selenazol-3(2H)-one scaffold is available; thus, a section of the present review article is completely devoted to this specific topic.
Collapse
|