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Gangnale LD, Rao Boddala CS, Reddy DS. Synthesis of Stereochemical Library of a Potent Antimalarial Monocerin Derivative and Its Stereochemical Revision. Org Lett 2024; 26:7186-7190. [PMID: 39151142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a total synthesis and revision of the stereochemical configuration of a potent antimalarial lead compound 2 possessing a benzo-pyranone framework, which was derived from the (+)-monocerin natural product of marine fungi, Exserohilum sp. Chiral hypervalent iodine(III)-catalyzed oxylactonization and late-stage O-methylation were highlights of the synthesis, which enabled access to the library of all possible eight stereoisomers of 2 for further understanding of stereochemical structure activity relationships (S-SARs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmikant D Gangnale
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | | | - D Srinivasa Reddy
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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2
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Zhou J, Xia M, Huang Z, Qiao H, Yang G, Qian Y, Li P, Zhang Z, Gao X, Jiang L, Wang J, Li W, Fang P. Structure-guided conversion from an anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor into Plasmodium lysyl-tRNA synthetase selective inhibitors. Commun Biol 2024; 7:742. [PMID: 38890421 PMCID: PMC11189516 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) play a central role in the translation of genetic code, serving as attractive drug targets. Within this family, the lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) constitutes a promising antimalarial target. ASP3026, an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor was recently identified as a novel Plasmodium falciparum LysRS (PfLysRS) inhibitor. Here, based on cocrystal structures and biochemical experiments, we developed a series of ASP3026 analogues to improve the selectivity and potency of LysRS inhibition. The leading compound 36 showed a dissociation constant of 15.9 nM with PfLysRS. The inhibitory efficacy on PfLysRS and parasites has been enhanced. Covalent attachment of L-lysine to compound 36 resulted in compound 36K3, which exhibited further increased inhibitory activity against PfLysRS but significantly decreased activity against ALK. However, its inhibitory activity against parasites did not improve, suggesting potential future optimization directions. This study presents a new example of derivatization of kinase inhibitors repurposed to inhibit aaRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintong Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mingyu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhenghui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hang Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Yunan Qian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhaolun Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Xinai Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Lubin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Pengfei Fang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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3
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Pires CV, Cassandra D, Xu S, Laleu B, Burrows JN, Adams JH. Oxidative stress changes the effectiveness of artemisinin in Plasmodium falciparum. mBio 2024; 15:e0316923. [PMID: 38323831 PMCID: PMC10936410 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03169-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria parasites have adaptive mechanisms to modulate their intracellular redox status to tolerate the enhanced oxidizing effects created by malaria fever, hemoglobinopathies and other stress conditions, including antimalaria drugs. Emerging artemisinin (ART) resistance in Plasmodium falciparum is a complex phenotype linked to the parasite's tolerance of the activated drug's oxidative damage along with changes in vesicular transport, lipid metabolism, DNA repair, and exported proteins. In an earlier study, we discovered that many of these metabolic processes are induced in P. falciparum to respond to the oxidative damage caused by artemisinin, which exhibited a highly significant overlap with the parasite's adaptive response mechanisms to survive febrile temperatures. In addition, there was a significant overlap with the parasite's survival responses to oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated these relationships further using an in vitro model to evaluate if oxidative stress and heat-shock conditions could alter the parasite's response to artemisinin. The results revealed that compared to ideal culture conditions, the antimalarial efficacy of artemisinin was significantly reduced in parasites growing in intraerythrocytic oxidative stress but not in heat-shock condition. In contrast, heat shock significantly reduced the efficacy of lumefantrine that is an important ART combination therapy partner drug. We propose that prolonged exposure to intraerythrocytic microenvironmental oxidative stress, as would occur in endemic regions with high prevalence for sickle trait and other hemoglobinopathies, can predispose malaria parasites to develop tolerance to the oxidative damage caused by antimalarial drugs like artemisinin. IMPORTANCE Emerging resistance to the frontline antimalarial drug artemisinin represents a significant threat to worldwide malaria control and elimination. The patterns of parasite changes associated with emerging resistance represent a complex array of metabolic processes evident in various genetic mutations and altered transcription profiles. Genetic factors identified in regulating P. falciparum sensitivity to artemisinin overlap with the parasite's responses to malarial fever, sickle trait, and other types of oxidative stresses, suggesting conserved inducible survival responses. In this study we show that intraerythrocytic stress conditions, oxidative stress and heat shock, can significantly decrease the sensitivity of the parasite to artemisinin and lumefantrine, respectively. These results indicate that an intraerythrocytic oxidative stress microenvironment and heat-shock condition can alter antimalarial drug efficacy. Evaluating efficacy of antimalarial drugs under ideal in vitro culture conditions may not accurately predict drug efficacy in all malaria patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Valente Pires
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Diseases Research and USF Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Debora Cassandra
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Diseases Research and USF Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Shulin Xu
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Diseases Research and USF Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Benoit Laleu
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, ICC, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - John H. Adams
- Center for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Diseases Research and USF Genomics Program, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Gill J, Sharma A. Exploration of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases from eukaryotic parasites for drug development. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102860. [PMID: 36596362 PMCID: PMC9978631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases result in considerable human morbidity and mortality. The continuous emergence and spread of new drug-resistant parasite strains is an obstacle to controlling and eliminating many parasitic diseases. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) are ubiquitous enzymes essential for protein synthesis. The design and development of diverse small molecule, drug-like inhibitors against parasite-encoded and expressed aaRSs have validated this enzyme family as druggable. In this work, we have compiled the progress to date towards establishing the druggability of aaRSs in terms of their biochemical characterization, validation as targets, inhibitor development, and structural interpretation from parasites responsible for malaria (Plasmodium), lymphatic filariasis (Brugia,Wuchereria bancrofti), giardiasis (Giardia), toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii), leishmaniasis (Leishmania), cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium), and trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma). This work thus provides a robust framework for the systematic dissection of aaRSs from these pathogens and will facilitate the cross-usage of potential inhibitors to jump-start anti-parasite drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmita Gill
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India; Molecular Medicine Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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Mankad Y, Thorat SS, Das P, Rama Krishna G, Kontham R, Reddy DS. Ready Access to Benzannulated [5,5]-Oxaspirolactones Using Au(III)-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclizations. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3025-3041. [PMID: 35188770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This work showcases an unprecedented Au(III)-catalyzed cascade cyclization of 2-(4-hydroxyalkynyl)benzoates to access benzannulated [5,5]-oxaspirolactones related to biologically active natural products. This reaction proceeds through an initial 5-endo-dig mode of hydroalkoxylation of the alkynol segment to give the oxocarbenium species (via cyclic enol-ether) followed by the addition of carboxylate onto the oxocarbenium that delivers the oxaspirolactone scaffold. While testing this method's scope, we found that the steric and electronic environment of the hydroxyl group could alter the reaction pathway that delivers isochromenone through a competitive 6-endo-dig mode of attack of the carboxylate onto the tethered alkyne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Mankad
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India.,Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Sagar S Thorat
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Pronay Das
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Gamidi Rama Krishna
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India.,Center for Materials Characterization, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India
| | - Ravindar Kontham
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - D Srinivasa Reddy
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India.,Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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Chhibber-Goel J, Yogavel M, Sharma A. Structural analyses of the malaria parasite aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases provide new avenues for antimalarial drug discovery. Protein Sci 2021; 30:1793-1803. [PMID: 34184352 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a parasitic illness caused by the genus Plasmodium from the apicomplexan phylum. Five plasmodial species of P. falciparum (Pf), P. knowlesi, P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. vivax (Pv) are responsible for causing malaria in humans. According to the World Malaria Report 2020, there were 229 million cases and ~ 0.04 million deaths of which 67% were in children below 5 years of age. While more than 3 billion people are at risk of malaria infection globally, antimalarial drugs are their only option for treatment. Antimalarial drug resistance keeps arising periodically and thus threatens the main line of malaria treatment, emphasizing the need to find new alternatives. The availability of whole genomes of P. falciparum and P. vivax has allowed targeting their unexplored plasmodial enzymes for inhibitor development with a focus on multistage targets that are crucial for parasite viability in both the blood and liver stages. Over the past decades, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) have been explored as anti-bacterial and anti-fungal drug targets, and more recently (since 2009) aaRSs are also the focus of antimalarial drug targeting. Here, we dissect the structure-based knowledge of the most advanced three aaRSs-lysyl- (KRS), prolyl- (PRS), and phenylalanyl- (FRS) synthetases in terms of development of antimalarial drugs. These examples showcase the promising potential of this family of enzymes to provide druggable targets that stall protein synthesis upon inhibition and thereby kill malaria parasites selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Chhibber-Goel
- Structural Parasitology Group, Molecular Medicine, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Manickam Yogavel
- Structural Parasitology Group, Molecular Medicine, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Structural Parasitology Group, Molecular Medicine, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.,ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
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