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García-Soriano JC, de Lucio H, Elvira-Blázquez D, Alcón-Calderón M, Sanz Del Olmo N, Sánchez-Murcia PA, Ortega P, de la Mata FJ, Jiménez-Ruiz A. The repertoire of iron superoxide dismutases from Leishmania infantum as targets in the search for therapeutic agents against leishmaniasis. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2377586. [PMID: 39037009 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2377586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Species of Leishmania and Trypanosoma genera are the causative agents of relevant parasitic diseases. Survival inside their hosts requires the existence of a potent antioxidant enzymatic machinery. Four iron superoxide dismutases have been described in trypanosomatids (FeSODA, FeSODB1, FeSODB2, and FeSODC) that hold a potential as therapeutic targets. Nonetheless, very few studies have been developed that make use of the purified enzymes. Moreover, FeSODC remains uncharacterised in Leishmania. In this work, for the first time, we describe the purification and enzymatic activity of recombinant versions of the four Leishmania FeSOD isoforms and establish an improved strategy for developing inhibitors. We propose a novel parameter [(V*cyt. c - Vcyt. c)/Vcyt. c] which, in contrast to that used in the classical cytochrome c reduction assay, correlates linearly with enzyme concentration. As a proof of concept, we determine the IC50 values of two ruthenium carbosilane metallodendrimers against these isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Héctor de Lucio
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | | | | | - Natalia Sanz Del Olmo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Química Andrés Manuel del Río, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro A Sánchez-Murcia
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Laboratory of Computer-Aided Molecular Design, Otto-Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Paula Ortega
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Química Andrés Manuel del Río, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier de la Mata
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Instituto de Química Andrés Manuel del Río, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Jiménez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Martín-Montes Á, Martínez-Camarena Á, Lopera A, Bonastre-Sabater I, Clares MP, Verdejo B, García-España E, Marín C. The Bioactivity of Xylene, Pyridine, and Pyrazole Aza Macrocycles against Three Representative Leishmania Species. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030992. [PMID: 36986853 PMCID: PMC10059905 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the urgent need for finding effective and free of secondary effect treatments for every clinical form of Leishmaniasis, a series of synthetic xylene, pyridine and, pyrazole azamacrocycles were tested against three Leishmania species. A total of 14 compounds were tested against J774.2 macrophage cells which were models for host cells, and against promastigote and amastigote forms of each studied Leishmania parasite. Amongst these polyamines, one proved effective against L. donovani, another one for L. braziliensis and L. infantum, and another one was selective solely for L. infantum. These compounds showed leishmanicidal activity and reduced parasite infectivity and dividing ability. Action mechanism studies gave a hint that compounds were active against Leishmania due to their ability to alter parasite metabolic pathways and reduce (except Py33333) parasitic Fe-SOD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Martín-Montes
- Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS. Granada), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Universidad de Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Álvaro Martínez-Camarena
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Alberto Lopera
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Irene Bonastre-Sabater
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - M. Paz Clares
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Begoña Verdejo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Enrique García-España
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.G.-E.); (C.M.)
| | - Clotilde Marín
- Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS. Granada), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Universidad de Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.G.-E.); (C.M.)
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Synthesis of Some Novel 8-(4-Alkylpiperazinyl) Caffeine Derivatives as Potent Anti-Leishmania Agents. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:106062. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Toumi A, Boudriga S, Mandour YM, Mekki AA, Knorr M, Strohmann C, Kirchhoff JL, Sobeh M. Design of Novel Enantiopure Dispirooxindolopyrrolidine-Piperidones as Promising Candidates toward COVID-19: Asymmetric Synthesis, Crystal Structure and In Silico Studies. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123945. [PMID: 35745069 PMCID: PMC9228936 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines, there is still an urgent need for discovering new anti-viral drugs to address the awful spread and transmission of the rapidly modifiable virus. In this study, the ability of a small library of enantiomerically pure spirooxindolopyrrolidine-grafted piperidones to inhibit the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro) is evaluated. These spiroheterocycles were synthesized by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of various stabilized azomethine ylides with chiral dipolarophiles derived from N-[(S)-(-)-methylbenzyl]-4-piperidone. The absolute configuration of contiguous carbons was confirmed by a single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The binding of these compounds to SARS-CoV-2 Mpro was investigated using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Three compounds 4a, 4b and 4e exhibited stable binding modes interacting with the key subsites of the substrate-binding pocket of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. The synthesized compounds represent potential leads for the development of novel inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease protein for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Toumi
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry Natural Product and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia;
| | - Sarra Boudriga
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry Natural Product and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia;
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Yasmine M. Mandour
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo 11578, Egypt; (Y.M.M.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Ahmed A. Mekki
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo 11578, Egypt; (Y.M.M.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Michael Knorr
- Institut UTINAM-UMR CNRS 6213, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France;
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (C.S.); (J.-L.K.)
| | - Jan-Lukas Kirchhoff
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; (C.S.); (J.-L.K.)
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences Research, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay MoulayRachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (M.S.)
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Kubik S. When Molecules Meet in Water-Recent Contributions of Supramolecular Chemistry to the Understanding of Molecular Recognition Processes in Water. ChemistryOpen 2022; 11:e202200028. [PMID: 35373466 PMCID: PMC8977507 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular recognition processes in water differ from those in organic solvents in that they are mediated to a much greater extent by solvent effects. The hydrophobic effect, for example, causes molecules that only weakly interact in organic solvents to stay together in water. Such water-mediated interactions can be very efficient as demonstrated by many of the synthetic receptors discussed in this review, some of which have substrate affinities matching or even surpassing those of natural binders. However, in spite of considerable success in designing such receptors, not all factors determining their binding properties in water are fully understood. Existing concepts still provide plausible explanations why the reorganization of water molecules often causes receptor-substrate interactions in water to be strongly exothermic rather than entropically favored as predicted by the classical view of the hydrophobic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kubik
- Technische Universität KaiserslauternFachbereich Chemie – Organische ChemieErwin-Schrödinger-Straße 5467663KaiserslauternGermany
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Delgado-Pinar E, Pont I, García-España E, Seixas de Melo JS. Cucurbituril hosts as promoters of aggregation induced emission of triphenylamine derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2403-2411. [PMID: 35019912 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04821j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Three ligands bearing triphenylamine as a core and one, two or three acyclic polyamine chains, TPA1p, TPA2p and TPA3p, respectively, have been studied by potentiometric and photophysical (UV-Vis, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence) techniques. The host-guest interaction with cucurbit[7]uril, CB7, has been investigated in aqueous solution showing aggregation induced emission behaviour when encapsulated into a CB7 cavity. From fluorescence emission it is revealed that the charged polyamine chains are the unit entering into CB7 and from the Job plots the stoichiometries are found to vary from 1 : 1 to 1 : 3 L : CB7 ratios. Interactions of the charged amines with the portals of CB7 restrict rotation of the benzene units in the triphenylamine backbone (free rotor effect), decreasing the radiationless internal conversion channel at the expense of the enhancement of fluorescence. Dynamic light scattering and resonance Rayleigh scattering experiments show that TPA3p-CB7 complexes involve formation of aggregates with a mean size of 126 ± 5 nm and a dispersity factor of 0.117, indicating a monodisperse distribution and supporting the important conclusions of this work: formation of emissive aggregates through the AIE effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Pont
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Enrique García-España
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
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