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Akter A, Firth G, Darwesh AMF, Cooper MS, Chuljerm H, Cilibrizzi A, Blower PJ, Hider RC, Lyons O, Schelenz S, Mehra V, Abbate V. [ 68Ga]Ga-Schizokinen, a Potential Radiotracer for Selective Bacterial Infection Imaging. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:2615-2622. [PMID: 39012184 PMCID: PMC11320569 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Gallium-68-labeled siderophores as radiotracers have gained interest for the development of in situ infection-specific imaging diagnostics. Here, we report radiolabeling, in vitro screening, and in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK) of gallium-68-labeled schizokinen ([68Ga]Ga-SKN) as a new potential radiotracer for imaging bacterial infections. We radiolabeled SKN with ≥95% radiochemical purity. Our in vitro studies demonstrated its hydrophilic characteristics, neutral pH stability, and short-term stability in human serum and toward transchelation. In vitro uptake of [68Ga]Ga-SKN by Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and S. epidermidis, but no uptake by Candida glabrata, C. albicans, or Aspergillus fumigatus, demonstrated its specificity to bacterial species. Whole-body [68Ga]Ga-SKN positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computerized tomography (CT) in healthy mice showed rapid renal excretion with no or minimal organ uptake. The subsequent ex vivo biodistribution resembled this fast PK with rapid renal excretion with minimal blood retention and no major organ uptake and showed some dissociation of the tracer in the urine after 60 min postinjection. These findings warrant further evaluation of [68Ga]Ga-SKN as a bacteria-specific radiotracer for infection imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Akter
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - George Firth
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Science
and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Afnan M. F. Darwesh
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Science
and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- Department
of Radiologic Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Margaret S. Cooper
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Science
and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Hataichanok Chuljerm
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
- School
of Health Sciences Research, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Agostino Cilibrizzi
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. Blower
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Science
and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Robert C. Hider
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Lyons
- Department
of Surgery, University of Otago, Christchurch 8013, New Zealand
| | - Silke Schelenz
- Department
of Microbiology, Kings College Hospital
NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 9RS, United
Kingdom
| | - Varun Mehra
- Department
of Hematology, King’s College Hospital
NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 9RS, United
Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Abbate
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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2
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Zheng Y, Zhu X, Jiang M, Cao F, You Q, Chen X. Development and Applications of D-Amino Acid Derivatives-based Metabolic Labeling of Bacterial Peptidoglycan. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319400. [PMID: 38284300 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Peptidoglycan, an essential component within the cell walls of virtually all bacteria, is composed of glycan strands linked by stem peptides that contain D-amino acids. The peptidoglycan biosynthesis machinery exhibits high tolerance to various D-amino acid derivatives. D-amino acid derivatives with different functionalities can thus be specifically incorporated into and label the peptidoglycan of bacteria, but not the host mammalian cells. This metabolic labeling strategy is highly selective, highly biocompatible, and broadly applicable, which has been utilized in various fields. This review introduces the metabolic labeling strategies of peptidoglycan by using D-amino acid derivatives, including one-step and two-step strategies. In addition, we emphasize the various applications of D-amino acid derivative-based metabolic labeling, including bacterial peptidoglycan visualization (existence, biosynthesis, and dynamics, etc.), bacterial visualization (including bacterial imaging and visualization of growth and division, metabolic activity, antibiotic susceptibility, etc.), pathogenic bacteria-targeted diagnostics and treatment (positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, gas therapy, immunotherapy, etc.), and live bacteria-based therapy. Finally, a summary of this metabolic labeling and an outlook is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Zheng
- Fujian-Taiwan Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, 32 Shangsan Road, Fuzhou, 350007, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Fujian-Taiwan Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, 32 Shangsan Road, Fuzhou, 350007, P.R. China
| | - Mingyi Jiang
- Fujian-Taiwan Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, 32 Shangsan Road, Fuzhou, 350007, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Cao
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Qing You
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
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3
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Alanizi AA, Sorlin AM, Parker MFL, López-Álvarez M, Qin H, Lee SH, Blecha J, Rosenberg OS, Engel J, Ohliger MA, Flavell RR, Wilson DM. Bioorthogonal Radiolabeling of Azide-Modified Bacteria Using [ 18F]FB-sulfo-DBCO. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:517-527. [PMID: 38482815 PMCID: PMC11036355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: This study was motivated by the need for better positron emission tomography (PET)-compatible tools to image bacterial infection. Our previous efforts have targeted bacteria-specific metabolism via assimilation of carbon-11 labeled d-amino acids into the bacterial cell wall. Since the chemical determinants of this incorporation are not fully understood, we sought a high-throughput method to label d-amino acid derived structures with fluorine-18. Our strategy employed a chemical biology approach, whereby an azide (-N3) bearing d-amino acid is incorporated into peptidoglycan muropeptides, with subsequent "click" cycloaddition with an 18F-labeled strained cyclooctyne partner. Procedures: A water-soluble, 18F-labeled and dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)-derived radiotracer ([18F]FB-sulfo-DBCO) was synthesized. This tracer was incubated with pathogenic bacteria treated with azide-bearing d-amino acids, and incorporated 18F was determined via gamma counting. In vitro uptake in bacteria previously treated with azide-modified d-amino acids was compared to that in cultures treated with amino acid controls. The biodistribution of [18F]FB-sulfo-DBCO was studied in a cohort of healthy mice with implications for future in vivo imaging. Results: The new strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) radiotracer [18F]FB-sulfo-DBCO was synthesized with high radiochemical yield and purity via N-succinimidyl 4-[18F]fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB). Accumulation of [18F]FB-sulfo-DBCO was significantly higher in several bacteria treated with azide-modified d-amino acids than in controls; for example, we observed 7 times greater [18F]FB-sulfo-DBCO ligation in Staphylococcus aureus cultures incubated with 3-azido-d-alanine versus those incubated with d-alanine. Conclusions: The SPAAC radiotracer [18F]FB-sulfo-DBCO was validated in vitro via metabolic labeling of azide-bearing peptidoglycan muropeptides. d-Amino acid-derived PET radiotracers may be more efficiently screened via [18F]FB-sulfo-DBCO modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryn A. Alanizi
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Alexandre M. Sorlin
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Matthew F. L. Parker
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department
of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine
at Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Marina López-Álvarez
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Hecong Qin
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Sang Hee Lee
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Joseph Blecha
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Oren S. Rosenberg
- Department
of Medicine, University of California, San
Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Joanne Engel
- Department
of Medicine, University of California, San
Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Michael A. Ohliger
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department
of Radiology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General
Hospital, San Francisco, California 94110, United States
| | - Robert R. Flavell
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - David M. Wilson
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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Koatale P, Welling MM, Ndlovu H, Kgatle M, Mdanda S, Mdlophane A, Okem A, Takyi-Williams J, Sathekge MM, Ebenhan T. Insights into Peptidoglycan-Targeting Radiotracers for Imaging Bacterial Infections: Updates, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:270-286. [PMID: 38290525 PMCID: PMC10862554 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The unique structural architecture of the peptidoglycan allows for the stratification of bacteria as either Gram-negative or Gram-positive, which makes bacterial cells distinguishable from mammalian cells. This classification has received attention as a potential target for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Bacteria's ability to metabolically integrate peptidoglycan precursors during cell wall biosynthesis and recycling offers an opportunity to target and image pathogens in their biological state. This Review explores the peptidoglycan biosynthesis for bacteria-specific targeting for infection imaging. Current and potential radiolabeled peptidoglycan precursors for bacterial infection imaging, their development status, and their performance in vitro and/or in vivo are highlighted. We conclude by providing our thoughts on how to shape this area of research for future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palesa
C. Koatale
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear
Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI) NPC, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mick M. Welling
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Honest Ndlovu
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear
Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI) NPC, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mankgopo Kgatle
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear
Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI) NPC, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sipho Mdanda
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear
Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI) NPC, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Amanda Mdlophane
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear
Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI) NPC, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ambrose Okem
- Department
of Anaesthesia, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Witwatersrand, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - John Takyi-Williams
- Pharmacokinetic
and Mass Spectrometry Core, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mike M. Sathekge
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear
Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI) NPC, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thomas Ebenhan
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear
Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI) NPC, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa
- DSI/NWU Pre-clinical
Drug Development Platform, North West University, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa
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