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Dai J, Feng Y, Liao Y, Tan L, Sun Y, Song C, Qiu X, Ding C. Virus infection and sphingolipid metabolism. Antiviral Res 2024; 228:105942. [PMID: 38908521 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Cellular sphingolipids have vital roles in human virus replication and spread as they are exploited by viruses for cell entry, membrane fusion, genome replication, assembly, budding, and propagation. Intracellular sphingolipid biosynthesis triggers conformational changes in viral receptors and facilitates endosomal escape. However, our current understanding of how sphingolipids precisely regulate viral replication is limited, and further research is required to comprehensively understand the relationships between viral replication and endogenous sphingolipid species. Emerging evidence now suggests that targeting and manipulating sphingolipid metabolism enzymes in host cells is a promising strategy to effectively combat viral infections. Additionally, serum sphingolipid species and concentrations could function as potential serum biomarkers to help monitor viral infection status in different patients. In this work, we comprehensively review the literature to clarify how viruses exploit host sphingolipid metabolism to accommodate viral replication and disrupt host innate immune responses. We also provide valuable insights on the development and use of antiviral drugs in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dai
- Experimental Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, China
| | - Yiyi Feng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi China
| | - Ying Liao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Convergent Evolution Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV Surface Envelope Glycoproteins Driven by Host Cell Surface Receptors and Lipid Rafts: Lessons for the Future. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031923. [PMID: 36768244 PMCID: PMC9915253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although very different, in terms of their genomic organization, their enzymatic proteins, and their structural proteins, HIV and SARS-CoV-2 have an extraordinary evolutionary potential in common. Faced with various selection pressures that may be generated by treatments or immune responses, these RNA viruses demonstrate very high adaptive capacities, which result in the continuous emergence of variants and quasi-species. In this retrospective analysis of viral proteins, ensuring the adhesion of these viruses to the plasma membrane of host cells, we highlight many common points that suggest the convergent mechanisms of evolution. HIV and SARS-CoV-2 first recognize a lipid raft microdomain that acts as a landing strip for viral particles on the host cell surface. In the case of mucosal cells, which are the primary targets of both viruses, these microdomains are enriched in anionic glycolipids (gangliosides) forming a global electronegative field. Both viruses use lipid rafts to surf on the cell surface in search of a protein receptor able to trigger the fusion process. This implies that viral envelope proteins are both geometrically and electrically compatible to the biomolecules they select to invade host cells. In the present study, we identify the surface electrostatic potential as a critical parameter controlling the convergent evolution dynamics of HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 surface envelope proteins, and we discuss the impact of this parameter on the phenotypic properties of both viruses. The virological data accumulated since the emergence of HIV in the early 1980s should help us to face present and future virus pandemics.
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The Effect of Lipid Metabolism on CD4 + T Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:6634532. [PMID: 33505215 PMCID: PMC7806377 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6634532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells play a vital role in the adaptive immune system and are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and chronic inflammation. As an important mechanism for energy storage, a lot of researches have clarified that metabolism imbalance interacts with immune disorder, and one leads to the other. Lipid metabolism has close relationship with CD4+ T cells. In this review, we discuss fatty acid, cholesterol, prostaglandin, and phospholipid metabolism in CD4+ T cell subsets. Fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) is activated in Th17 cell to support the proinflammatory function. Cholesterol promotes Th1, Th2, and Treg cell differentiation. In addition to glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism is also very important for immunity. Here, it is highlighted that lipid metabolism regulates CD4+ T cell differentiation and function and is related to diseases.
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Amedei A, Asadzadeh F, Papi F, Vannucchi MG, Ferrucci V, Bermejo IA, Fragai M, De Almeida CV, Cerofolini L, Giuntini S, Bombaci M, Pesce E, Niccolai E, Natali F, Guarini E, Gabel F, Traini C, Catarinicchia S, Ricci F, Orzalesi L, Berti F, Corzana F, Zollo M, Grifantini R, Nativi C. A Structurally Simple Vaccine Candidate Reduces Progression and Dissemination of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. iScience 2020; 23:101250. [PMID: 32629615 PMCID: PMC7322362 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Tn antigen is a well-known tumor-associated carbohydrate determinant, often incorporated in glycopeptides to develop cancer vaccines. Herein, four copies of a conformationally constrained mimetic of the antigen TnThr (GalNAc-Thr) were conjugated to the adjuvant CRM197, a protein licensed for human use. The resulting vaccine candidate, mime[4]CRM elicited a robust immune response in a triple-negative breast cancer mouse model, correlated with high frequency of CD4+ T cells and low frequency of M2-type macrophages, which reduces tumor progression and lung metastasis growth. Mime[4]CRM-mediated activation of human dendritic cells is reported, and the proliferation of mime[4]CRM-specific T cells, in cancer tissue and peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer, is demonstrated. The locked conformation of the TnThr mimetic and a proper presentation on the surface of CRM197 may explain the binding of the conjugate to the anti-Tn antibody Tn218 and its efficacy to fight cancer cells in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 03, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Fatemeh Asadzadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini, 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzata, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Papi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Maria Giuliana Vannucchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 03, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Veronica Ferrucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini, 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzata, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Iris A Bermejo
- Department of Chemistry, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios, 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Marco Fragai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; CERM, University of Florence, via L. Sacconi, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Carolina Vieira De Almeida
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 03, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Linda Cerofolini
- CERM, University of Florence, via L. Sacconi, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP), via L. Sacconi, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Stefano Giuntini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Department of Chemistry, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios, 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Mauro Bombaci
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Padiglione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Pesce
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Padiglione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 03, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesca Natali
- CNR-IOM, c/o Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Eleonora Guarini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, via Sansone, 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Frank Gabel
- Université Grenobles Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Chiara Traini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 03, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Stefano Catarinicchia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 03, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Federica Ricci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 03, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Orzalesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 03, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | | | - Francisco Corzana
- CERM, University of Florence, via L. Sacconi, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Massimo Zollo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Napoli "Federico II", via Pansini, 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzata, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Renata Grifantini
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare, Padiglione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Cristina Nativi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
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