1
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Murphy E, Zhang C, Bates CM, Hawker CJ. Chromatographic Separation: A Versatile Strategy to Prepare Discrete and Well-Defined Polymer Libraries. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1202-1213. [PMID: 38530881 PMCID: PMC11025024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusThe preparation of discrete and well-defined polymers is an emerging strategy for emulating the remarkable precision achieved by macromolecular synthesis in nature. Although modern controlled polymerization techniques have unlocked access to a cornucopia of materials spanning a broad range of monomers, molecular weights, and architectures, the word "controlled" is not to be confused with "perfect". Indeed, even the highest-fidelity polymerization techniques─yielding molar mass dispersities in the vicinity of Đ = 1.05─unavoidably create a considerable degree of structural and/or compositional dispersity due to the statistical nature of chain growth. Such dispersity impacts many of the properties that researchers seek to control in the design of soft materials.The development of strategies to minimize or entirely eliminate dispersity and access molecularly precise polymers therefore remains a key contemporary challenge. While significant advances have been made in the realm of iterative synthetic methods that construct oligomers with an exact molecular weight, head-to-tail connectivity, and even stereochemistry via small-molecule organic chemistry, as the word "iterative" suggests, these techniques involve manually propagating monomers one reaction at a time, often with intervening protection and deprotection steps. As a result, these strategies are time-consuming, difficult to scale, and remain limited to lower molecular weights. The focus of this Account is on an alternative strategy that is more accessible to the general scientific community because of its simplicity, versatility, and affordability: chromatography. Researchers unfamiliar with the intricacies of synthesis may recall being exposed to chromatography in an undergraduate chemistry lab. This operationally simple, yet remarkably powerful, technique is most commonly encountered in the purification of small molecules through their selective (differential) adsorption to a column packed with a low-cost stationary phase, usually silica. Because the requisite equipment is readily available and the actual separation takes little time (on the order of 1 h), chromatography is used extensively in small-molecule chemistry throughout industry and academia alike. It is, therefore, perhaps surprising that similar types of chromatography are not more widely leveraged in the field of polymer science as well.Here, we discuss recent advances in using chromatography to control the structure and properties of polymeric materials. Emphasis is placed on the utility of an adsorption-based mechanism that separates polymers based on polarity and composition at tractable (gram) scales for materials science, in contrast to size exclusion, which is extremely common but typically analyzes very small quantities of a sample (∼1 mg) and is limited to separating by molar mass. Key concepts that are highlighted include (1) the separation of low-molecular-weight homopolymers into discrete oligomers (Đ = 1.0) with precise chain lengths and (2) the efficient fractionation of block copolymers into high-quality and widely varied libraries for accelerating materials discovery. In summary, the authors hope to convey the exciting possibilities in polymer science afforded by chromatography as a scalable, versatile, and even automated technique that unlocks new avenues of exploration into well-defined materials for a diverse assortment of researchers with different training and expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth
A. Murphy
- Materials
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Chemical
Engineering, andMaterials Department, University of California
Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Materials
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Chemical
Engineering, andMaterials Department, University of California
Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and Centre for Advanced
Imaging University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Christopher M. Bates
- Materials
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Chemical
Engineering, andMaterials Department, University of California
Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Chemical
Engineering, andMaterials Department, University of California
Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
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2
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Wan J, Dan Y, Huang Y, Jiang L. Achieving high molecular weight alternating copolymers of 1-octene with methyl acrylate via Lewis acid catalyzed copolymerization. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6374-6384. [PMID: 38380238 PMCID: PMC10877320 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00165f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The radical (co)polymerization of long-chain α-olefins (C4+) to produce high molecular weight (Mw) polymers is of great importance. However, this process is currently faced with significant challenges due to the presence of less reactive allylic radicals during radical (co)polymerization, leading to oligomers or polymers with extremely low Mw (less than 1 × 104 g mol-1). Using copolymerization of 1-octene with methyl acrylate (MA) as a proof-of-concept for addressing this challenge, we present a feasible method for synthesizing high Mw α-olefin copolymers via scandium trifluoromethanesulfonate (Sc(OTf)3)-mediated radical copolymerization. In this case, copolymers of 1-octene and MA (poly(1-octene-alt-MA)) with a Mw exceeding 3 × 104 g mol-1 were successfully synthesized in the presence of Sc(OTf)3. Meanwhile, the presence of alternating 1-octene-MA sequential structures was observed. To further enhance the Mw of poly(1-octene-alt-MA), a difunctional comonomer, 1,7-octadiene, was introduced to copolymerize with 1-octene and MA. The results indicate that the incorporation of difunctional comonomer leads to a significant increase in the Mw of the copolymers synthesized. The addition of 1 mol% of 1,7-octadiene resulted in a copolymer with a remarkably high Mw of up to 13.45 × 104 g mol-1 while still maintaining a high degree of the alternating 1-octene-MA sequence (41%). The influence of polymerization parameters on the molecular weight were also investigated. Increasing the monomer concentration, reducing the dosage of initiator, and lowering the polymerization temperature have been found to be advantageous in enhancing the molecular weight. This approach has also been successfully applied to the synthesis of high molecular weight alternating copolymers of other long-chain α-olefins, including 1-hexene, 1-decene and 1-tetradecane, with methyl acrylate. In summary, this study provides a feasible method for converting "less activated" α-olefins into high Mw olefin copolymers. This approach holds significant potential for the production of value-added polyolefins, thus offering promising prospects for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China (Sichuan University), Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Yi Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China (Sichuan University), Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Yun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China (Sichuan University), Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China (Sichuan University), Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
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3
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Baker J, Zhang R, Figg CA. Installing a Single Monomer within Acrylic Polymers Using Photoredox Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:106-111. [PMID: 38128915 PMCID: PMC10785814 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating exactly one monomer at a defined position during a chain polymerization is exceptionally challenging due to the statistical nature of monomer addition. Herein, photoinduced electron/energy transfer (PET) enables the incorporation of exactly one vinyl ether into polyacrylates synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Near-quantitative addition (>96%) of a single vinyl ether is achieved while retaining >99% of the thiocarbonylthio chain ends. Kinetic studies reveal that performing the reactions at 2 °C limits unwanted chain breaking events. Finally, the syntheses of diblock copolymers are reported where molecular weights and dispersities are well-controlled on either side of the vinyl ether. Overall, this report introduces an approach to access acrylic copolymers containing exactly one chemical handle at a defined position, enabling novel macromolecular architectures to probe structure-function properties, introduce sites for de/reconstruction, store information, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared
G. Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules
Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Richard Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules
Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - C. Adrian Figg
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules
Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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4
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Peplau S, Neubert TJ, Balasubramanian K, Polleux J, Börner HG. Statistical Copolymers that Mimic Aspects of Mussel Adhesive Proteins: Access to Robust Adhesive-Domains for Non-Covalent Surface PEGylation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300300. [PMID: 37657944 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Reconstructing functional sequence motifs of proteins, using statistical copolymers greatly reduces the information content, but simplifies synthesis significantly. Key amino acid residues involved in the adhesion of mussel foot proteins are identified. The side-chain functionalities of Dopa, lysine, and arginine are abstracted and incorporated into acrylate monomers to allow controlled radical polymerization. The resulting Dopa-acrylate (Y*-acr), arginine-acrylate (R-acr), and lysine-acrylate (K-acr) monomers are polymerized in different monomer ratios and compositions by reversible addition fragmentation transfer polymerization with a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) macrochain transfer agent. This results in two sets of PEG-block-copolymers with statistical mixtures and different monomer ratios of catechol/primary amine and catechol/guanidine side-chain functionalities, both important pairs for mimicking π-cation interactions. The coating behavior of these PEG-block-copolymers is evaluated using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation energy monitoring (QCM-D), leading to non-covalent PEGylation of the substrates with clear compositional optima in the coating stability and antifouling properties. The coatings prevent non-reversible albumin or serum adsorption, as well as reduce cellular adhesion and fungal spore attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Peplau
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tilmann J Neubert
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Micro & Nano Analytical Sciences, School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof (SALSA) and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Str. 5-9, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kannan Balasubramanian
- Department of Chemistry, Micro & Nano Analytical Sciences, School of Analytical Sciences Adlershof (SALSA) and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Str. 5-9, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julien Polleux
- Research & Innovation Unit, Department of Ophthalmic Optics, Health University of Applied Sciences Tyrol, Innrain 98, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Hans G Börner
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Organic Synthesis of Functional Systems, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Barman R, Mukherjee A, Nag A, Rajdev P, Ghosh S. Hierarchical assembly of foldable polymers and applications in organic optoelectronics and antibacterial or antiviral materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13951-13961. [PMID: 37937399 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04855a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of amphiphilic polymers in block-selective solvents produces different nanostructures, which have been studied extensively for wide-ranging applications. Nevertheless, such immiscibility-driven aggregation does not endow them with the desired structural precision, predictability or surface functional group exposure, which significantly impact their functional applications. More recently, biomimetic folded structures of synthetic macromolecules (mostly oligomers) have come to the fore, but such studies have been limited to probe the secondary structures. In this article, we have collated hierarchical structures of foldamers, especially highlighting our recent contribution to the field of chain-folding regulated assembly of segmented polyurethanes (PUs) and their functional applications. A series of such PUs have been discussed, which contain a segmented hydrocarbon backbone and alternately placed pendant solvophilic groups. In either water or highly non-polar solvents (TCE, MCH), depending on the nature of the pendant group, they exhibit folded structures stabilized by intra-chain H-bonding. Hierarchical assembly of such folded chains by inter-chain H-bonding and/or π-stacking leads to the formation of well-defined nanostructures with functional applications ranging from organic optoelectronics to biomaterials. For example, a segmented PU with appended naphthalene-diimide (NDI) chromophores showed a pleated structure in MCH, which helped in organization of the NDI chromophores within π-stacking distance. Such folded polymer chains eventually produced nanotubular structures with excellent electron mobility. They also showed efficient intercalation of the pyrene (Py) donor by NDI-Py charge-transfer interaction and in this case the mixed nanotubular structure exhibited prominent room-temperature ferroelectricity. On the other hand, having cationic functionalities as the pendant groups such chain-folding regulated assembly produced unilamellar polymersomes with excellent antibacterial activity with very low minimum inhibitory concentrations (<10 μg mL-1). Replacing the pendant amine functionality with sulphate groups made these polyurethanes highly potent antiviral materials. In the absence of the alternating connectivity of the solvophobic and solvophilic segments or rigid hydrocarbon backbone, such folding propensity is destroyed, leading to structural collapse. While significant efforts have been made in correlating primary structures of wide-ranging polymers with their functional applications, this article demonstrates the direct correlation between the secondary structures of polymers and their functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranajit Barman
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Anurag Mukherjee
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Atish Nag
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Priya Rajdev
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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6
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Dolui S, Sahu B, Mohammad SA, Banerjee S. Multi-Stimuli Responsive Sequence Defined Multi-Arm Star Diblock Copolymers for Controlled Drug Release. JACS AU 2023; 3:2117-2122. [PMID: 37654577 PMCID: PMC10466323 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Star-shaped polymeric materials provide very high efficiency toward various engineering and biomedical applications. Due to the absence of straightforward and versatile synthetic protocols, the synthesis of sequence-defined star-shaped (co)polymers has remained a major challenge. Here, a facile approach is developed that allows synthesis of a series of unprecedented discrete, multifunctional four-, six-, and eight-arm star-shaped complex macromolecular architectures based on a well-defined triple (thermo/pH/light)-stimuli-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-block-poly(methacrylic acid)-umbelliferone (PNIPAM-b-PMAA)n-UMB diblock copolymer, based on temperature responsive PNIPAM segment, pH-responsive PMAA segment, and photoresponsive UMB end groups. Thus, developed star-shaped copolymers self-assemble in water to form spherical nanoaggregates of diameter 90 ± 20 nm, as measured by FESEM. The star-shaped copolymer's response to external stimuli has been assessed against changes in temperature, pH, and light irradiation. The star-shaped copolymer was employed as a nanocarrier for pH responsive release of an anticancer drug, doxorubicin. This study opens up new avenues for efficient star-shaped macromolecular architecture construction for engineering and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Dolui
- Department of Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Technology Bhilai, Raipur 492015, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Bhanendra Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Technology Bhilai, Raipur 492015, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sk Arif Mohammad
- Department of Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Technology Bhilai, Raipur 492015, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sanjib Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Technology Bhilai, Raipur 492015, Chhattisgarh, India
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7
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Xue Y, Cao M, Chen C, Zhong M. Design of Microstructure-Engineered Polymers for Energy and Environmental Conservation. JACS AU 2023; 3:1284-1300. [PMID: 37234122 PMCID: PMC10207122 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
With the ever-growing demand for sustainability, designing polymeric materials using readily accessible feedstocks provides potential solutions to address the challenges in energy and environmental conservation. Complementing the prevailing strategy of varying chemical composition, engineering microstructures of polymer chains by precisely controlling their chain length distribution, main chain regio-/stereoregularity, monomer or segment sequence, and architecture creates a powerful toolbox to rapidly access diversified material properties. In this Perspective, we lay out recent advances in utilizing appropriately designed polymers in a wide range of applications such as plastic recycling, water purification, and solar energy storage and conversion. With decoupled structural parameters, these studies have established various microstructure-function relationships. Given the progress outlined here, we envision that the microstructure-engineering strategy will accelerate the design and optimization of polymeric materials to meet sustainability criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Xue
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Mengxue Cao
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Charles Chen
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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8
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Zhang X, Yu T, Ding S. Iridium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Chiral 1,2,3-Triazoles Units and Precise Construction of Stereocontrolled Oligomers. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093726. [PMID: 37175140 PMCID: PMC10180159 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Iridium-catalyzed azide-thioalkyne cycloaddition reaction (IrAAC) has proved to be a powerful tool for the synthesis of fully substituted 1,2,3-triazole compounds with exclusive regioselectivity. Here we report its successful use in the precise construction of stereocontrolled oligomers that have great potential in diverse applications. Starting with the azide derived from L-prolinol and different functionalized thioalkynes, chiral 1,2,3-triazole units were fabricated with high efficiency under the IrAAC condition, which were further assembled into stereocontrolled oligotriazoles through metal-free exponential growth strategies. The structure and uniformity of these oligomers were well identified by 1H NMR, size-exclusion chromatography, and mass spectrometry, the stereoregularity of which were studied through circular dichroism and circular polarized luminescence analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shengtao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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9
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Lai H, Jin C, Park J, Ikura R, Takashima Y, Ouchi M. A Transformable and Bulky Methacrylate Monomer That Enables the Synthesis of an MMA-nBA Alternating Copolymer: Sequence-Dependent Self-Healing Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218597. [PMID: 36708216 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we designed a methacrylate molecule with an alkyl-substituted trichloro salicylic acid pendant as a transformable bulky monomer to enable the synthesis of an alternating copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and n-butyl acrylate (nBA). The adamantyl-substituted methacrylate monomer (1-Ad) showed very low homopolymerization propensity in radical polymerizations, but afforded the alternating copolymer with nBA via copolymerization. The 1-Ad units in the resultant copolymer were quantitatively and selectively transformed into MMA via transesterification with methanol to yield the alternating copolymer of MMA and nBA. Its alternating sequence was clearly demonstrated by a structural analysis via 13 C NMR spectroscopy as well as the low reactivity ratios for the 1-Ad and nBA pair. Finally, we verified the superior self-healing ability of the alternating copolymer compared to that of the corresponding 1 : 1 statistical copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwang Lai
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Changming Jin
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Junsu Park
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.,Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ryohei Ikura
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.,Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takashima
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.,Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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10
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Dey A, Haldar U, Tota R, Faust R, De P. PIB-based block copolymer with a segment having alternating sequence of leucine and alanine side-chain pendants. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2023.2189434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Dey
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Ujjal Haldar
- Polymer Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rajasekhar Tota
- Polymer Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rudolf Faust
- Polymer Science Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, West Bengal, India
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11
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Yang Y, Yu K, Xing F, Zhou Y, Xiao P. Development of Sequence-Controlled, Degradable, and Cytocompatible Oligomers with Explicit Fragmentation Pathways. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200788. [PMID: 36398569 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sequence-defined and degradable polymers can mimic biopolymers, such as peptides and DNA, to undertake life-supporting functions in a chemical way. The design and development of well-structured oligomers/polymers is the most concern for the public, even to further uncover their degradation process illustrating the degraded products and their properties. However, seldom investigation has been reported on the aforementioned aspects. In this work, the alternating photo-reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (photo-RAFT) single unit monomer insertion (SUMI) of different N-substituted maleimides and thermal radical ring-opening SUMI of a cyclic ketene acetal monomer (i.e., 5,6-benzo-2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (BMDO)) is adopted, to produce two degradable pentamers owing to the conversion of the exo-methylene group of BMDO into ester bonds along the main chains of the prepared products. Moreover, the possible degraded approach of pentamers is studied by combining high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for the first time. This work also sheds light on the precise structures and cytotoxicity of SUMI products and their degraded compounds, proposing a detailed and credible outlook for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yili Yang
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, #601 Huangpu West Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Keman Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Feiyue Xing
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, #601 Huangpu West Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yingshan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Pu Xiao
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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12
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O'Bryan CS, Murdoch TJ, Strickland DJ, Rose KA, Bendejacq D, Lee D, Composto RJ. Investigating the Sequence Specific Adsorption Behavior of Polypeptides at the Solid/Liquid Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:1740-1749. [PMID: 36637895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymer adsorption at the solid/liquid interface depends not only on the chemical composition of the polymer but also on the specific placement of the monomers along the polymer sequence. However, challenges in designing polymers with well-controlled sequences have limited explorations into the role of polymer sequence on adsorption behavior to molecular simulations. Here, we demonstrate how the sequence control offered by polypeptide synthesis can be utilized to study the effects small changes in polymer sequence have on polymer adsorption behavior at the solid/liquid interface. Through a combination of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and total internal reflection ellipsometry, we study the adsorption behavior of three polypeptides, consisting of 90% lysine and 10% cysteine, onto a gold surface. We find different mechanisms are responsible for the adsorption of polypeptides and the resulting conformation on the surface. The initial adsorption of the polypeptides is driven by electrostatic interactions between the polylysine and the gold surface. Once adsorbed, the cysteine undergoes a thiol-Au reaction with the surface, altering the conformation of the polymer layer. Our findings suggest the conformation of the polypeptide layer is dependent on the placement of the cysteines within the sequence; polypeptide chains with evenly spaced cysteine groups adopt a more tightly bound "train" conformation as compared to polypeptides with closely grouped cysteine groups. We envision that the methodologies presented here to study sequence specific adsorption behaviors using polypeptides could be a valuable tool to complement molecular simulations studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S O'Bryan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Timothy J Murdoch
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Daniel J Strickland
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Katie A Rose
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Denis Bendejacq
- Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter Laboratory, IRL 3254, Solvay USA Inc., Bristol, Pennsylvania19007, United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Russell J Composto
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
- Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
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13
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Han H, Seale JSW, Feng L, Qiu Y, Stoddart JF. Sequence‐controlled synthesis of rotaxanes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Han
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - James S. W. Seale
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - Yunyan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Singapore Republic of Singapore
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
- School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- ZJU‐Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou China
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14
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Ren X, Guo C, Li X, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Li S, Zhang K. Protecting-Group-Free Iterative Divergent/Convergent Method for Preparing Sequence-Defined Polymers. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changjuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xijuan Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ying Wu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shumu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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15
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Shi Q, Zhou X, Xu J, Zhang J, Wang N, Zhang G, Hu J, Liu S. Dendritic Quaternary-Encoded Oligourethanes for Data Encryption. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214695. [PMID: 36412223 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of sequence-defined digital polymers for data storage and encryption has received increasing attention due to their precision structures similar to natural biomacromolecules (e.g., DNA) but increased stability. However, the rapid development of sequencing techniques raises the concern of information leakage. Herein, dendritic quaternary-encoded oligourethanes bearing a photoresponsive trigger, self-immolative backbones, and a mass spectrometry tag of PEG dendron have been developed for data encryption. Although the sequence information in linear analogs can be readily deciphered by mass spectrometry, sequencing of dendritic oligourethanes cannot be achieved by either primary MS or tandem MS/MS owing to the unique spatial conformation. Intriguingly, the fragmentation pathways of a quaternary dendrimer under MS/MS conditions can be converted to 2772-bit 2D matrices with ≈1.98×1087 permutations, serving as high-strength encryption keys for highly reliable data encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jinming Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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16
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A mini-review on bio-inspired polymer self-assembly: single-component and interactive polymer systems. Emerg Top Life Sci 2022; 6:593-607. [PMID: 36254846 DOI: 10.1042/etls20220057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Biology demonstrates meticulous ways to control biomaterials self-assemble into ordered and disordered structures to carry out necessary bioprocesses. Empowering the synthetic polymers to self-assemble like biomaterials is a hallmark of polymer physics studies. Unlike protein engineering, polymer science demystifies self-assembly by purposely embedding particular functional groups into the backbone of the polymer while isolating others. The polymer field has now entered an era of advancing materials design by mimicking nature to a very large extend. For example, we can make sequence-specific polymers to study highly ordered mesostructures similar to studying proteins, and use charged polymers to study liquid-liquid phase separation as in membraneless organelles. This mini-review summarizes recent advances in studying self-assembly using bio-inspired strategies on single-component and multi-component systems. Sequence-defined techniques are used to make on-demand hybrid materials to isolate the effects of chirality and chemistry in synthetic block copolymer self-assembly. In the meantime, sequence patterning leads to more hierarchical assemblies comprised of only hydrophobic and hydrophilic comonomers. The second half of the review discusses complex coacervates formed as a result of the associative charge interactions of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. The tunable phase behavior and viscoelasticity are unique in studying liquid macrophase separation because the slow polymer relaxation comes primarily from charge interactions. Studies of bio-inspired polymer self-assembly significantly impact how we optimize user-defined materials on a molecular level.
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17
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Gregory GL, Sulley GS, Kimpel J, Łagodzińska M, Häfele L, Carrodeguas LP, Williams CK. Block Poly(carbonate-ester) Ionomers as High-Performance and Recyclable Thermoplastic Elastomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210748. [PMID: 36178774 PMCID: PMC9828403 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Thermoplastic elastomers based on polyesters/carbonates have the potential to maximize recyclability, degradability and renewable resource use. However, they often underperform and suffer from the familiar trade-off between strength and extensibility. Herein, we report well-defined reprocessable poly(ester-b-carbonate-b-ester) elastomers with impressive tensile strengths (60 MPa), elasticity (>800 %) and recovery (95 %). Plus, the ester/carbonate linkages are fully degradable and enable chemical recycling. The superior performances are attributed to three features: (1) Highly entangled soft segments; (2) Fully reversible strain-induced crystallization and (3) Precisely placed ZnII -carboxylates dynamically crosslinking the hard domains. The one-pot synthesis couples controlled cyclic monomer ring-opening polymerization and alternating epoxide/anhydride ring-opening copolymerization. Efficient convresion to ionomers is achieved by reacting vinyl-epoxides to install ZnII -carboxylates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina L. Gregory
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Gregory S. Sulley
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Joost Kimpel
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Matylda Łagodzińska
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Lisa Häfele
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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18
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Zhang YY, Yang GW, Xie R, Zhu XF, Wu GP. Sequence-Reversible Construction of Oxygen-Rich Block Copolymers from Epoxide Mixtures by Organoboron Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19896-19909. [PMID: 36256447 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Switchable catalysis, in combination with epoxide-involved ring-opening (co)polymerization, is a powerful technique that can be used to synthesize various oxygen-rich block copolymers. Despite intense research in this field, the sequence-controlled polymerization from epoxide congeners has never been realized due to their similar ring-strain which exerts a decisive influence on the reaction process. Recently, quaternary ammonium (or phosphonium)-containing bifunctional organoboron catalysts have been developed by our group, showing high efficiency for various epoxide conversions. Herein, we, for the first time, report an operationally simple pathway to access well-defined polyether-block-polycarbonate copolymers from mixtures of epoxides by switchable catalysis, which was enabled through thermodynamically and kinetically preferential ring-opening of terminal epoxides or internal epoxides under different atmospheres (CO2 or N2) using one representative bifunctional organoboron catalyst. This strategy shows a broad substrate scope as it is suitable for various combinations of terminal epoxides and internal epoxides, delivering corresponding well-defined block copolymers. NMR, MALDI-TOF, and gel permeation chromatography analyses confirmed the successful construction of polyether-block-polycarbonate copolymers. Kinetic studies and density functional theory calculations elucidate the reversible selectivity between different epoxides in the presence/absence of CO2. Moreover, by replacing comonomer CO2 with cyclic anhydride, the well-defined polyether-block-polyester copolymers can also be synthesized. This work provides a rare example of sequence-controlled polymerization from epoxide mixtures, broadening the arsenal of switchable catalysis that can produce oxygen-rich polymers in a controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Rui Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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19
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Xia X, Gao T, Li F, Suzuki R, Isono T, Satoh T. Multidimensional Control of Repeating Unit/Sequence/Topology for One-Step Synthesis of Block Polymers from Monomer Mixtures. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17905-17915. [PMID: 36150017 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synchronously and thoroughly adjusting the chemical structure difference between two blocks of the diblock copolymer is very useful for designing materials but difficult to achieve via self-switchable alternating copolymerization. Here, we report self-switchable alternating copolymerization from a mixture of two different cyclic anhydrides, epoxides, and oxetanes, where a simple alkali metal carboxylate catalyst switches between ring-opening alternating copolymerization (ROCOP) of cyclic anhydrides/epoxides and ROCOP of cyclic anhydrides/oxetanes, resulting in the formation of a perfect block tetrapolymer. By investigating the reactivity ratio of these comonomers, a reactivity gradient was established, enabling the precise synthesis of block copolymers with synchronous adjustment of each unit's chemical structure/sequence/topology. Consequently, a diblock tetrapolymer with two glass transition temperatures (Tg) can be easily produced by adjusting the difference in chemical structures between the two blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochao Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.,Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tianle Gao
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Feng Li
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Ryota Suzuki
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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20
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Effects of Multimodal Analgesia Combined with Auricular Point Therapy on Physical and Mental Stress and Rehabilitation Quality of Patients with Meniscus Injury during the Perioperative Period. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3130956. [PMID: 36034956 PMCID: PMC9402340 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3130956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of multimodal analgesia combined with auricular point therapy on physical and mental stress and rehabilitation quality of patients with meniscus injury during the perioperative period. Methods 148 patients in our hospital from October 2019 to October 2021 who were scheduled to undergo meniscus surgery were selected and grouped according to the order of file establishment, with 74 cases in each. The control group was given routine analgesia, and the observation group was given multimodal analgesia combined with auricular point therapy. The pain level (visual analogue scale (VAS)), physical and mental stress (heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), depression scale (PHQ-9), and anxiety scale (GAD-7)), complications, rehabilitation quality, and analgesia satisfaction were observed. Results The VAS scores of pain in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at 6 hours before operation and at 6 hours, 24 hours, and 72 hours after operation (P < 0.05). The MAP, HR, PHQ-9, and GAD-7 scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group 6 hours before operation (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in MAP, HR, PHQ-9, and GAD-7 scores between the two groups at 6 hours and 24 hours after operation (P > 0.05). The analgesic satisfaction of the observation group was better than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was 8.11% compared with 12.16% in the control group, which was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The first exhaust, getting out of bed, and hospital stay in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Multimodal analgesia combined with auricular acupuncture therapy is effective in perioperative patients with meniscus injury. It can reduce perioperative pain, reduce physical and mental stress, and promote early postoperative recovery through a variety of analgesic mechanisms.
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21
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Nguyen NQ, Hamblin RL, DuBay KH. Emergent Sequence Biasing in Step-Growth Copolymerization: Influence of Non-Bonded Interactions and Comonomer Reactivities. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:6585-6597. [PMID: 35969198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The phase behavior and material properties of copolymers are intrinsically dependent on their primary comonomer sequences. Achieving precise control over monomer sequence in synthetic copolymerizations is challenging, as sequence determination is influenced not only by the reaction conditions and the properties of the reactants but also by the statistical nature of the copolymerization process itself. Mayo-Lewis reactivity ratios are often used to predict copolymer composition and sequence and are based on ratios of static reactivity constants. However, prior results have demonstrated that in a generic, solution-based step-growth A,B-copolymerization, relatively weak non-bonded attractions between certain monomer pairs induce emergent microphase separations. Such polymerization-driven separations lead to deviations from standard kinetics due to the emergent heterogeneities in reactant concentrations, which can also cause significant shifts in the resulting copolymer sequences. Previously, these effects were observed in systems where the activation energies were equal for all reaction pathways, that is, between all monomer pair combinations. In this work, we explore the combined effects on copolymerization kinetics of differences in both activation energies and non-bonded attractions between monomers and examine the sequences produced within this same step-growth copolymerization model. Our results indicate that altering activation energies influences the kinetics and sequences in a manner that also depends on the non-bonded attractions, showing that these effects may work in concert or in opposition to one another to bias the sequences formed. Non-standard kinetic behaviors and long-range sequence biasing are observed under certain conditions, and the extent of each clearly shifts as the reaction proceeds. These findings provide insight into the complex interplay between sequence and nascent oligomer phase behavior, highlighting the potential for exploiting emergent phase properties in the informed design of advanced sequence-biased materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhu Q Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Ryan L Hamblin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Kateri H DuBay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Pham
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Susan Oliver
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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23
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Saito Y, Honda R, Akashi S, Takimoto H, Nagao M, Miura Y, Hoshino Y. Polymer Nanoparticles with Uniform Monomer Sequences for Sequence‐Specific Peptide Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206456. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Saito
- Department of Chemical Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Ryutaro Honda
- Department of Chemical Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Sotaro Akashi
- Department of Chemical Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hinata Takimoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Masanori Nagao
- Department of Chemical Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yoshiko Miura
- Department of Chemical Engineering Kyushu University 744 Motooka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yu Hoshino
- Department of Applied Chemistry Kyushu University 744 Motooka Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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24
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Wu KB, Skrodzki CJA, Su Q, Lin J, Niu J. "Click handle"-modified 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroarabino nucleic acid as a synthetic genetic polymer capable of post-polymerization functionalization. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6873-6881. [PMID: 35774169 PMCID: PMC9200136 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00679k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The functions of natural nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA have transcended genetic information carriers and now encompass affinity reagents, molecular catalysts, nanostructures, data storage, and many others. However, the vulnerability of natural nucleic acids to nuclease degradation and the lack of chemical functionality have imposed a significant constraint on their ever-expanding applications. Herein, we report the synthesis and polymerase recognition of a 5-(octa-1,7-diynyl)uracil 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoroarabinonucleic acid (FANA) triphosphate. The DNA-templated, polymerase-mediated primer extension using this “click handle”-modified FANA (cmFANA) triphosphate and other FANA nucleotide triphosphates consisting of canonical nucleobases efficiently generated full-length products. The resulting cmFANA polymers exhibited excellent nuclease resistance and the ability to undergo efficient click conjugation with azide-functionalized molecules, thereby becoming a promising platform for serving as a programmable and evolvable synthetic genetic polymer capable of post-polymerization functionalization. Polymerase-mediated incorporation of a “click handle”-modified fluoroarabinonucleic acid (cmFANA) triphosphate produces a new class of nuclease-resistant, evolvable genetic polymers that can be functionalized with azide-containing molecules.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill MA 20467 USA
| | | | - Qiwen Su
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill MA 20467 USA
| | - Jennifer Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill MA 20467 USA
| | - Jia Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill MA 20467 USA
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25
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Kardas S, Fossépré M, Lemaur V, Fernandes AE, Glinel K, Jonas AM, Surin M. Revealing the Organization of Catalytic Sequence-Defined Oligomers via Combined Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Network Analysis. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:2761-2770. [PMID: 35608867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Similar to biological macromolecules such as DNA and proteins, the precise control over the monomer position in sequence-defined polymers is of paramount importance for tuning their structures and properties toward achieving specific functions. Here, we apply molecular network analysis on three-dimensional structures issued from molecular dynamics simulations to decipher how the chain organization of trifunctional catalytic oligomers is influenced by the oligomer sequence and the length of oligo(ethylene oxide) spacers. Our findings demonstrate that the tuning of their primary structures is crucial for favoring cooperative interactions between the catalytic units and thus higher catalytic activities. This combined approach can assist in establishing structure-property relationships, leading to a more rational design of sequence-defined catalytic oligomers via computational chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Kardas
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers, University of Mons-UMONS, Place du Parc 20, Mons B-7000, Belgium.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology-TU/e, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Fossépré
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers, University of Mons-UMONS, Place du Parc 20, Mons B-7000, Belgium
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers, University of Mons-UMONS, Place du Parc 20, Mons B-7000, Belgium
| | - Antony E Fernandes
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Bio- and Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain-UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium.,Certech, Rue Jules Bordet 45, Zone Industrielle C, Seneffe B-7180, Belgium
| | - Karine Glinel
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Bio- and Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain-UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Alain M Jonas
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Bio- and Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain-UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Surin
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers, University of Mons-UMONS, Place du Parc 20, Mons B-7000, Belgium
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26
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Saito Y, Honda R, Akashi S, Takimoto H, Nagao M, Miura Y, Hoshino Y. Polymer Nanoparticles with Uniform Monomer Sequences for Sequence Specific Peptide Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Saito
- Kyushu University: Kyushu Daigaku Department of Chemical Engineering JAPAN
| | - Ryutaro Honda
- Kyushu University: Kyushu Daigaku Department of Chemical Engineering JAPAN
| | - Sotaro Akashi
- Kyushu University: Kyushu Daigaku Department of Chemical Engineering JAPAN
| | - Hinata Takimoto
- Kyushu University: Kyushu Daigaku Department of Chemical Engineering JAPAN
| | - Masanori Nagao
- Kyushu University: Kyushu Daigaku Department of Chemical Engineering JAPAN
| | - Yoshiko Miura
- Kyushu University: Kyushu Daigaku Department of Chemical Engineering 744 MotookaNishi-kuFukuoka 8190001 JAPAN
| | - Yu Hoshino
- Kyushu University Department of Chemical Engineering 744 Motooka 819-0395 Fukuoka JAPAN
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27
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Bale AA, Gautham SMB, Patra TK. Sequence‐defined Pareto frontier of a copolymer structure. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin A. Bale
- Department of Chemical Engineering Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani‐Hyderabad Hyderabad India
| | - Sachin M. B. Gautham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Atomistic Modeling and Materials Design and Center for Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai India
| | - Tarak K. Patra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Atomistic Modeling and Materials Design and Center for Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai India
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28
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Li X, Han L, Zhang R, Li C, Zhang S, Bai H, Wang X, Wang B, Ma H. Regulation from gradient to near periodic sequence during anionic copolymerization of styrene and dimethyl-[4-(1-phenyl-vinyl)phenyl]silane (DPE-SiH). POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Bak IG, Chae CG, Lee JS. Synthetic Control of Helical Polyisocyanates by Living Anionic Polymerization toward Peptide Mimicry. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- In Gyu Bak
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Geun Chae
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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30
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Giuffrida SG, Forysiak W, Cwynar P, Szweda R. Shaping Macromolecules for Sensing Applications—From Polymer Hydrogels to Foldamers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030580. [PMID: 35160568 PMCID: PMC8840496 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensors are tools for detecting, recognizing, and recording signals from the surrounding environment. They provide measurable information on chemical or physical changes, and thus are widely used in diagnosis, environment monitoring, food quality checks, or process control. Polymers are versatile materials that find a broad range of applications in sensory devices for the biomedical sector and beyond. Sensory materials are expected to exhibit a measurable change of properties in the presence of an analyte or a stimulus, characterized by high sensitivity and selectivity of the signal. Signal parameters can be tuned by material features connected with the restriction of macromolecule shape by crosslinking or folding. Gels are crosslinked, three-dimensional networks that can form cavities of different sizes and forms, which can be adapted to trap particular analytes. A higher level of structural control can be achieved by foldamers, which are macromolecules that can attain well-defined conformation in solution. By increasing control over the three-dimensional structure, we can improve the selectivity of polymer materials, which is one of the crucial requirements for sensors. Here, we discuss various examples of polymer gels and foldamer-based sensor systems. We have classified and described applied polymer materials and used sensing techniques. Finally, we deliberated the necessity and potential of further exploration of the field towards the increased selectivity of sensory devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Giuseppe Giuffrida
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, ul. Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland; (S.G.G.); (W.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Weronika Forysiak
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, ul. Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland; (S.G.G.); (W.F.); (P.C.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Pawel Cwynar
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, ul. Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland; (S.G.G.); (W.F.); (P.C.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Roza Szweda
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, ul. Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland; (S.G.G.); (W.F.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence:
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31
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Ishaqat A, Herrmann A. Polymers Strive for Accuracy: From Sequence-Defined Polymers to mRNA Vaccines against COVID-19 and Polymers in Nucleic Acid Therapeutics. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20529-20545. [PMID: 34841867 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Unquestionably, polymers have influenced the world over the past 100 years. They are now more crucial than ever since the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. The pandemic paved the way for certain polymers to be in the spotlight, namely sequence-defined polymers such as messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), which was the first type of vaccine to be authorized in the U.S. and Europe to protect against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This rise of mRNA will probably influence scientific research concerning nucleic acids in general and RNA therapeutics in specific. In this Perspective, we highlight the recent trends in sequence-controlled and sequence-defined polymers. Then we discuss mRNA vaccines as an example to illustrate the need of ultimate sequence control to achieve complex functions such as specific activation of the immune system. We briefly present how mRNA vaccines are produced, the importance of modified nucleotides, the characteristic features, and the advantages and challenges associated with this class of vaccines. Finally, we discuss the chances and opportunities for polymer chemistry to provide solutions and contribute to the future progress of RNA-based therapeutics. We highlight two particular roles of polymers in this context. One represents conjugation of polymers to nucleic acids to form biohybrids. The other is concerned with advanced polymer-based carrier systems for nucleic acids. We believe that polymers can help to address present problems of RNA-based therapeutic technologies and impact the field beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Ishaqat
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoshuang Feng
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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33
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Wang X, Zhang X, Sun Y, Ding S. Stereocontrolled Sequence-Defined Oligotriazoles through Metal-Free Elongation Strategies. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yunxin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shengtao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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34
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Zhang H, Zhou Z, Chen X, Yu B, Luo Z, Li X, Rahman MA, Sha Y. Sequence-Controlled Metallopolymers: Synthesis and Properties. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaofan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhenyang Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Md Anisur Rahman
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-2008, United States
| | - Ye Sha
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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35
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Zhong H, Deng J. Preparation and Chiral Applications of Optically Active Polyamides. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100341. [PMID: 34347330 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chirality is omnipresent in nature and plays vital roles in living organism, and has become a hot research topic across multidisciplinary fields including chemistry, biology, physics, and material science. Meanwhile, polyamides constitute an important class of polymers and have received significant attention owing to their outstanding properties and wide-ranging applications in many areas. Judiciously introducing chirality into polyamides will undoubtedly obtain attractive chiral polymers, namely, optically active polyamides. This review describes the preparation methods of chiral polyamides, including solution polycondensation, interfacial polycondensation, ring-open polymerization, and others; the newly emerging categories of chiral polyamides, i.e., helical polyamides, chiral polyamide-imides, are also presented. The applications of optically active polyamides in chiral research fields including asymmetric catalysis, membrane separation, and enantioselective crystallization are also summarized. In addition, current challenges in chiral polyamides are further presented and future perspectives in the field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jianping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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36
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Li Z, Cai B, Yang W, Chen CL. Hierarchical Nanomaterials Assembled from Peptoids and Other Sequence-Defined Synthetic Polymers. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14031-14087. [PMID: 34342989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In nature, the self-assembly of sequence-specific biopolymers into hierarchical structures plays an essential role in the construction of functional biomaterials. To develop synthetic materials that can mimic and surpass the function of these natural counterparts, various sequence-defined bio- and biomimetic polymers have been developed and exploited as building blocks for hierarchical self-assembly. This review summarizes the recent advances in the molecular self-assembly of hierarchical nanomaterials based on peptoids (or poly-N-substituted glycines) and other sequence-defined synthetic polymers. Modern techniques to monitor the assembly mechanisms and characterize the physicochemical properties of these self-assembly systems are highlighted. In addition, discussions about their potential applications in biomedical sciences and renewable energy are also included. This review aims to highlight essential features of sequence-defined synthetic polymers (e.g., high stability and protein-like high-information content) and how these unique features enable the construction of robust biomimetic functional materials with high programmability and predictability, with an emphasis on peptoids and their self-assembled nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Li
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Bin Cai
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Wenchao Yang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chun-Long Chen
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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37
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Le Guen C, Dussouillez C, Kichler A, Chan-Seng D. Insertion of hydrophobic spacers on dodecalysines as potential transfection enhancers. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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38
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Denisova YI, Shandryuk GA, Arinina MP, Levin IS, Zhigarev VA, Gringolts ML, Finkelshtein ES, Malkin AY, Kudryavtsev YV. Multiblock Copolymers of Norbornene and Cyclododecene: Chain Structure and Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1756. [PMID: 34072052 PMCID: PMC8199182 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the structure-property relations of the multiblock copolymers of norbornene with cyclododecene synthesized via the macromolecular cross-metathesis reaction between amorphous polynorbornene and semicrystalline polydodecenamer in the presence of the first-generation Grubbs catalyst. By adjusting the reaction time, catalyst amount, and composition of the initial system, we obtain a set of statistical multiblock copolymers that differ in the composition and average length of norbornene and dodecenylene unit sequences. Structural, thermal, and mechanical characterization of the copolymers with NMR, XRD, DSC (including thermal fractionation by successive self-nucleation and annealing), and rotational rheology allows us to relate the reaction conditions to the average length of crystallizable unit sequences, thicknesses of corresponding lamellas, and temperatures of their melting. We demonstrate that isolated dodecenylene units can be incorporated into crystalline lamellas so that even nearly random copolymers should retain crystallinity. Weak high-temperature endotherms observed in the multiblock copolymers of norbornene with cyclododecene and other cycloolefins could indicate that the corresponding systems are microphase-separated in the melt state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia I. Denisova
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (Y.I.D.); (G.A.S.); (M.P.A.); (I.S.L.); (V.A.Z.); (M.L.G.); (E.S.F.); (A.Y.M.)
| | - Georgiy A. Shandryuk
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (Y.I.D.); (G.A.S.); (M.P.A.); (I.S.L.); (V.A.Z.); (M.L.G.); (E.S.F.); (A.Y.M.)
| | - Marianna P. Arinina
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (Y.I.D.); (G.A.S.); (M.P.A.); (I.S.L.); (V.A.Z.); (M.L.G.); (E.S.F.); (A.Y.M.)
| | - Ivan S. Levin
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (Y.I.D.); (G.A.S.); (M.P.A.); (I.S.L.); (V.A.Z.); (M.L.G.); (E.S.F.); (A.Y.M.)
| | - Vsevolod A. Zhigarev
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (Y.I.D.); (G.A.S.); (M.P.A.); (I.S.L.); (V.A.Z.); (M.L.G.); (E.S.F.); (A.Y.M.)
| | - Maria L. Gringolts
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (Y.I.D.); (G.A.S.); (M.P.A.); (I.S.L.); (V.A.Z.); (M.L.G.); (E.S.F.); (A.Y.M.)
| | - Eugene Sh. Finkelshtein
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (Y.I.D.); (G.A.S.); (M.P.A.); (I.S.L.); (V.A.Z.); (M.L.G.); (E.S.F.); (A.Y.M.)
| | - Alexander Ya. Malkin
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (Y.I.D.); (G.A.S.); (M.P.A.); (I.S.L.); (V.A.Z.); (M.L.G.); (E.S.F.); (A.Y.M.)
| | - Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (Y.I.D.); (G.A.S.); (M.P.A.); (I.S.L.); (V.A.Z.); (M.L.G.); (E.S.F.); (A.Y.M.)
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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39
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Zhang X, Gou F, Wang X, Wang Y, Ding S. Easily Functionalized and Readable Sequence-Defined Polytriazoles. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:551-557. [PMID: 35570766 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Developing sequence-defined skeletons that could be conveniently characterized and functionalized with diverse side groups is attractive but challenging. Here we report one novel sequence-defined polytriazole structure bearing side groups at its triazole rings. Its construction was facilely accessed by the iterative employments of azidation and iridium-catalyzed cycloaddition of azide with internal 1-thioalkyne (IrAAC) in solution phase. The easy preparation of 1-thioalkyne monomers and the excellent tolerance of IrAAC enable the introduction of diverse functional side chains to this architecture. The obtained sequence was effectively characterized by tandem mass spectrometry owing to the efficient fractures of both of the Csp3-S and Csp3-N bonds in its backbone, indicating its potential utilization in high-capacity digital polymer developments. Further successful application of this structure in building monodisperse macromolecules exhibiting aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics demonstrates its expected application in functional material fabrications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fuqi Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yong Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Shengtao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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40
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Wang X, Zhang X, Wang Y, Ding S. IrAAC-based construction of dual sequence-defined polytriazoles. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00718a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
One novel dual sequence-defined polytriazole structure was facilely achieved through an IrAAC-based iterative sequential growth strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yong Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen
- Beishan Industrial Zone
- Shenzhen 518083
- China
| | - Shengtao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
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41
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Abstract
This review offers a summary on the advances in the construction of 1,2,3-triazole-based sequence-defined oligomers and polymers through MAAC-based ISG or IEG strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Shengtao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
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42
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Reith MA, Kardas S, Mertens C, Fossépré M, Surin M, Steinkoenig J, Du Prez FE. Using nickel to fold discrete synthetic macromolecules into single-chain nanoparticles. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00229e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sequence-defined macromolecules were prepared with a thiolactone-based platform whereby ligand functionalities were introduced along the backbone enabling a nickel induced formation of single-chain nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Reith
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Sinan Kardas
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons - UMONS, Place du Parc 20, Mons B-7000, Belgium
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Chiel Mertens
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Fossépré
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons - UMONS, Place du Parc 20, Mons B-7000, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Surin
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons - UMONS, Place du Parc 20, Mons B-7000, Belgium
| | - Jan Steinkoenig
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
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