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Nam U, Kim J, Yi HG, Jeon JS. Investigation of the Dysfunction Caused by High Glucose, Advanced Glycation End Products, and Interleukin-1 Beta and the Effects of Therapeutic Agents on the Microphysiological Artery Model. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2302682. [PMID: 38575148 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has substantial global implications and contributes to vascular inflammation and the onset of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. However, translating the findings from animal models to humans has inherent limitations, necessitating a novel platform. Therefore, herein, an arterial model is established using a microphysiological system. This model successfully replicates the stratified characteristics of human arteries by integrating collagen, endothelial cells (ECs), and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Perfusion via a peristaltic pump shows dynamic characteristics distinct from those of static culture models. High glucose, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and interleukin-1 beta are employed to stimulate diabetic conditions, resulting in notable cellular changes and different levels of cytokines and nitric oxide. Additionally, the interactions between the disease models and oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are examined. Finally, the potential therapeutic effects of metformin, atorvastatin, and diphenyleneiodonium are investigated. Metformin and diphenyleneiodonium mitigate high-glucose- and AGE-associated pathological changes, whereas atorvastatin affects only the morphology of ECs. Altogether, the arterial model represents a pivotal advancement, offering a robust and insightful platform for investigating cardiovascular diseases and their corresponding drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ungsig Nam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesang Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Gyeong Yi
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jessie S Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Mustafayev F, Youn J, Hanif A, Kim DS. A Perforated Plate-Based Cell Showering Device for Uniform Cell Distribution over Various Culture Substrates. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:620-627. [PMID: 38048415 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell distribution is one of the primary factors that can affect cell morphology and behaviors, as it determines cell-cell interactions. Despite the importance of cell distribution, the seeding process of in vitro cell culture still highly relies on the traditional method using manual pipetting. Because manual pipetting cannot ensure a uniform cell distribution and has the possibility of compromising experimental reproducibility, an accurate and systemic seeding method that enables uniform cell seeding over versatile culture substrates is required. Here, we developed a perforated plate-based cell seeding device called the CellShower, which enabled uniform cell seeding over a large area of cell culture substrates. The working principles of the CellShower are based on the laminar filling flow and capillary force in microfluidics, and the design of the CellShower was optimized with numerical simulations. The versatility of the CellShower in view of uniform cell seeding was demonstrated by applying it to various types of culture substrates from a conventional culture dish to culture substrates having nanotopography, porous structures, and 3D concave structures. The CellShower and its operating principles are expected to contribute to enhancing the accuracy and reproducibility of biological experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Mustafayev
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseung Youn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37763, Republic of Korea
| | - Adeela Hanif
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Sung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Kim D, Youn J, Lee J, Kim H, Kim DS. Recent Progress in Fabrication of Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes for Developing Physiological In Vitro Organ/Tissue Models. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300244. [PMID: 37590903 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanofiber membranes (NFMs), which have an extracellular matrix-mimicking structure and unique physical properties, have garnered great attention as biomimetic materials for developing physiologically relevant in vitro organ/tissue models. Recent progress in NFM fabrication techniques immensely contributes to the development of NFM-based cell culture platforms for constructing physiological organ/tissue models. However, despite the significance of the NFM fabrication technique, an in-depth discussion of the fabrication technique and its future aspect is insufficient. This review provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art of NFM fabrication techniques from electrospinning techniques to postprocessing techniques for the fabrication of various types of NFM-based cell culture platforms. Moreover, the advantages of the NFM-based culture platforms in the construction of organ/tissue models are discussed especially for tissue barrier models, spheroids/organoids, and biomimetic organ/tissue constructs. Finally, the review concludes with perspectives on challenges and future directions for fabrication and utilization of NFMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohui Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseung Youn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisang Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonji Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Sung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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Youn J, Rhyou J, Kim D, Lee J, Choi JW, Park TE, Kim DS. Facile and adhesive-free method for bonding nanofiber membrane onto thermoplastic polystyrene substrate to fabricate 3D cell culture platforms. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100648. [PMID: 37214546 PMCID: PMC10192924 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanofiber (NF) membranes have been highlighted as functional materials for biomedical applications owing to their high surface-to-volume ratios, high permeabilities, and extracellular matrix-like biomimetic structures. Because many in vitro platforms for biomedical applications are made of thermoplastic polymers (TP), a simple and leak-free method for bonding NF membranes onto TP platforms is essential. Here, we propose a facile but leak-free localized thermal bonding method for integrating 2D or 3D-structured NF membrane onto a TP supporting substrate while preserving the pristine nanofibrous structure of the membrane, based on localized preheating of the substrate. A methodology for determining the optimal preheating temperature was devised based on a numerical simulation model considering the melting temperature of the NF material and was experimentally validated by evaluating bonding stability and durability under cell culture conditions. The thermally-bonded interface between the NF membrane and TP substrate was maintained stably for 3 weeks allowing the successful construction of an intestinal barrier model. The applicability of the localized thermal bonding method was also demonstrated on various combinations of TP materials (e.g., polystyrene and polymethylmethacrylate) and geometries of the supporting substrate, including a culture insert and microfluidic chip. We expect the proposed localized thermal bonding method to contribute toward broadening and realizing the practical applications of functional NF membranes in various biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseung Youn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea
| | - Junyeol Rhyou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea
| | - Dohui Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea
| | - Jisang Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Tae-Eun Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Dong Sung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
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3D cell/scaffold model based on aligned-electrospun-nanofiber film/hydrogel multilayers for construction of anisotropic engineered tissue. Biointerphases 2022; 17:051002. [PMID: 36216595 DOI: 10.1116/6.0002058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many tissues have a three-dimensional (3D) anisotropic structure compatible with their physiological functions. Engineering an in vitro 3D tissue having the natural structure and functions is a hotspot in tissue engineering with application for tissue regeneration, drug screening, and disease modeling. Despite various designs that have successfully guided the cellular alignment, only a few of them could precisely control the orientation of each layer in a multilayered construct or achieve adequate cell contact between layers. This study proposed a design of a multilayered 3D cell/scaffold model, that is, the cell-loaded aligned nanofiber film/hydrogel (ANF/Gel) model. The characterizations of the 3D cell-loaded ANF/Gel model in terms of design, construction, morphology, and cell behavior were systematically studied. The ANF was produced by efficiently aligned electrospinning using a self-designed, fast-and-easy collector, which was designed based on the parallel electrodes and modified with a larger gap area up to about 100 cm2. The nanofibers generated by this simple device presented numerous features like high orientation, uniformity in fiber diameter, and thinness. The ANF/Gel-based cell/scaffold model was formed by encapsulating cell-loaded multilayered poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-ANFs in hydrogel. Cells within the ANF/Gel model showed high viability and displayed aligned orientation and elongation in accordance with the nanofiber orientation in each film, forming a multilayered tissue having a layer spacing of 60 μm. This study provides a multilayered 3D cell/scaffold model for the in vitro construction of anisotropic engineered tissues, exhibiting potential applications in cardiac tissue engineering.
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Youn J, Kim DS. Engineering porous membranes mimicking in vivo basement membrane for organ-on-chips applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:051301. [PMID: 36275917 PMCID: PMC9586704 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Porous membrane-based microfluidic chips are frequently used for developing in vitro tissue-barrier models, the so-called tissue barriers-on-chips (TBoCs). The porous membrane in a TBoC plays a crucial role as an alternative to an in vivo basement membrane (BM). To improve the physiological relevance of an artificial porous membrane, it should possess complex BM-like characteristics from both biophysical and biochemical perspectives. For practical use, artificial membranes should have high mechanical robustness, and their fabrication processes should be conducive to mass production. There have been numerous approaches to accomplishing these requirements in BM-like porous membranes. Extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogels have emerged as physiologically relevant materials for developing artificial BMs; they remarkably improve the phenotypes and functions of both cells and their layers when compared to previous synthetic porous membranes. However, for practical use, the poor mechanical robustness of ECM membranes needs to be improved. Recently, an advanced ECM membrane reinforced with a nanofiber scaffold has been introduced that possesses both BM-like characteristics and practical applicability. This advanced ECM membrane is expected to promote not only in vivo-like cellular functions but also cellular responses to drugs, which in turn further facilitates the practical applications of TBoCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseung Youn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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