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Yang H, Chen X, Mou Y, Li Q, Liu J, Sun L, Zhai S, Deng WQ, Wu H. Polar Covalent Triazine Frameworks as High-Performance Potassium Metal Battery Cathodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2406737. [PMID: 39380413 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202406737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of potassium metal batteries (PMBs) has been intensified, leveraging potassium's abundant availability, low redox potential, and small Stokes radius. Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) stand out for their accessible nitrogen sites and customizable structures, making them attractive electrode materials. Nonetheless, there is a lack of established design principles to guide the development of high-performance PMBs using CTFs. In this work, CTFs consisting of different monomers are used as PMB cathodes to investigate the structure-performance correlation. The electronic structure analysis reveals the polar characteristic of a CTF derived from the tetracyanoquinodimethane monomer, setting it apart with superior capacity (161 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1), rate performance (85 mAh g-1 at 5 A g-1), and stability (capacity retention of 81% after 1000 cycles) over three non-polar counterparts in PMBs. Calculations based on density functional theory support the exceptional performance with increased K+ adsorption energy. Ultimately, among multifaceted factors, the polarity of CTF is the leading element that determines the K+ storage capability. These findings pave the way for the development of prudent CTF electrodes for high-performance PMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Yang
- Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiaokang Chen
- Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yujin Mou
- Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Qi Li
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Jiaojiao Liu
- Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Lanju Sun
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Recycling Economy Materials, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shengliang Zhai
- Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wei-Qiao Deng
- Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Suzhou Research Institute of Shandong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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Huang J, Li S, Wang Y, Kim EY, Yang Z, Chen D, Cheng L, Luo C. Spatial Effect on the Performance of Carboxylate Anode Materials in Na-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308113. [PMID: 37972285 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Developing low-voltage carboxylate anode materials is critical for achieving low-cost, high-performance, and sustainable Na-ion batteries (NIBs). However, the structure design rationale and structure-performance correlation for organic carboxylates in NIBs remains elusive. Herein, the spatial effect on the performance of carboxylate anode materials is studied by introducing heteroatoms in the conjugation structure and manipulating the positions of carboxylate groups in the aromatic rings. Planar and twisted organic carboxylates are designed and synthesized to gain insight into the impact of geometric structures to the electrochemical performance of carboxylate anodes in NIBs. Among the carboxylates, disodium 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-dicarboxylate (2255-Na) with a planar structure outperforms the others in terms of highest specific capacity (210 mAh g-1), longest cycle life (2000 cycles), and best rate capability (up to 5 A g-1). The cyclic stability and redox mechanism of 2255-Na in NIBs are exploited by various characterization techniques. Moreover, high-temperature (up to 100 °C) and all-organic batteries based on a 2255-Na anode, a polyaniline (PANI) cathode, and an ether-based electrolyte are achieved and exhibited exceptional electrochemical performance. Therefore, this work demonstrates that designing organic carboxylates with extended planar conjugation structures is an effective strategy to achieve high-performance and sustainable NIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghao Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | - Shi Li
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - You Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Eric Youngsam Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Dongchang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Lei Cheng
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Chao Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
- Quantum Science & Engineering Center, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
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Salahvarzi M, Setaro A, Ludwig K, Amsalem P, Schultz T, Mehdipour E, Nemati M, Chong C, Reich S, Adeli M. Synthesis of two-dimensional triazine covalent organic frameworks at ambient conditions to detect and remove water pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117078. [PMID: 37704076 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of fully triazine frameworks (C3N3) by metal catalyzed reactions at high temperatures results in carbonized and less-defined structures. Moreover, metal impurities affect the physicochemical, optical and electrical properties of the synthesized frameworks, dramatically. In this work, two-dimensional C3N3 (2DC3N3) has been synthesized by in situ catalyst-free copolymerization of sodium cyanide and cyanuric chloride, as cheap and commercially available precursors, at ambient conditions on gram scale. Reaction between sodium cyanide and cyanuric chloride resulted in electron-poor polyfunctional intermediates, which converted to 2DC3N3 with several hundred micrometers lateral size at ambient conditions upon [2 + 2+2] cyclotrimerization. 2DC3N3 sheets, in bulk and individually, showed strong fluorescence with 63% quantum yield and sensitive to small objects such as dyes and metal ions. The sensitivity of 2DC3N3 emission to foreign objects was used to detect low concentration of water impurities. Due to the high negative surface charge (-37.7 mV) and dispersion in aqueous solutions, they demonstrated a high potential to remove positively charged dyes from water, exemplified by excellent removal efficiency (>99%) for methylene blue. Taking advantage of the straightforward production and strong interactions with dyes and metal ions, 2DC3N3 was integrated in filters and used for the fast detection and efficient removal of water impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Setaro
- Department of Physics, Free University Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany; Department of Engineering, Pegaso University, Naples, Italy
| | - Kai Ludwig
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie and Core Facility BioSupraMol, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 36a, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Amsalem
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schultz
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, 14109, Germany
| | | | - Mohammad Nemati
- Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Cheng Chong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Stephanie Reich
- Department of Physics, Free University Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mohsen Adeli
- Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
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Guo F, Zhang W, Yang S, Wang L, Yu G. 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks Based on Heteroacene Units. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207876. [PMID: 36703526 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a unique new class of porous materials that arrange building units into periodic ordered frameworks through strong covalent bonds. Accompanied with structural rigidity and well-defined geometry, heteroacene-based COFs have natural advantages in constructing COFs with high stability and crystallinity. Heteroacene-based COFs usually have high physical and chemical properties, and their extended π-conjugation also leads to relatively low energy gap, effectively promoting π-electron delocalization between network units. Owing to excellent electron-withdrawing or -donating ability, heteroacene units have incomparable advantages in the preparation of donor-acceptor type COFs. Therefore, the physicochemical robust and fully conjugated heteroacene-based COFs solve the problem of traditional COFs lacking π-π interaction and chemical stability. In recent years, significant breakthroughs are made in this field, the choice of various linking modes and building blocks has fundamentally ensured the final applications of COFs. It is of great significance to summarize the heteroacene-based COFs for improving its complexity and controllability. This review first introduces the linkages in heteroacene-based COFs, including reversible and irreversible linkages. Subsequently, some representative building blocks are summarized, and their related applications are especially emphasized. Finally, conclusion and perspectives for future research on heteroacene-based COFs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Zhang F, Ma J, Tan Y, Yu G, Qin H, Zheng L, Liu H, Li R. Construction of Porphyrin Porous Organic Cage as a Support for Single Cobalt Atoms for Photocatalytic Oxidation in Visible Light. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Hunan, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Hunan, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ya Tan
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Hunan, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Gang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Hunan, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hongxin Qin
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Hunan, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Hunan, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Run Li
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Hunan, Changsha 410082, China
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Cao Z, Wang M, Gao H, Li L, Ren S. Porous Organic Polymers via Diels-Alder Reaction for the Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solutions. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:447-451. [PMID: 35575316 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Diels-Alder reaction is striking as a prominent synthetic tool for the rapid construction of complex molecular frameworks, but the synthesis of porous organic polymers (POPs) via the Diels-Alder reaction is rare. Herein, we report the solvothermal synthesis of a new type of POPs (DA-POPs) via the furan/alkynyl Diels-Alder reaction. These polymers show favorable porous properties and high specific surface areas (up to 1041 m2·g-1). Meanwhile, the high porosity in conjuction of ether bridges in the DA-POPs enable a fine adsorption performance for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuolin Cao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyang Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huimin Gao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longyu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shijie Ren
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People’s Republic of China
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Triazine 2D Nanosheets as a New Class of Nanomaterials: Crystallinity, Properties and Applications. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids6020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Based on the recent (2015–2021) literature data, the authors analyze the mutual dependence of crystallinity/amorphism and specific surface area and porosity in covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), taking into account thermodynamic and kinetic control in the synthesis of these 2D nanosheets. CTFs have now become a promising new class of high-performance porous organic materials. They can be recycled and reused easily, and thus have great potential as sustainable materials. For 2D CTFs, numerous examples are given to support the known rule that the structure and properties of any material with a given composition depend on the conditions of its synthesis. The review may be useful for elder students, postgraduate students, engineers and research fellows dealing with chemical synthesis and modern nanotechnologies based on 2D covalent triazine frameworks.
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