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Tian JJ, Liu X, Ye L, Zhang Z, Quinn EC, Shi C, Broadbelt LJ, Marks TJ, Chen EYX. Redesigned Nylon 6 Variants with Enhanced Recyclability, Ductility, and Transparency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320214. [PMID: 38418405 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Geminal (gem-) disubstitution in heterocyclic monomers is an effective strategy to enhance polymer chemical recyclability by lowering their ceiling temperatures. However, the effects of specific substitution patterns on the monomer's reactivity and the resulting polymer's properties are largely unexplored. Here we show that, by systematically installing gem-dimethyl groups onto ϵ-caprolactam (monomer of nylon 6) from the α to ϵ positions, both the redesigned lactam monomer's reactivity and the resulting gem-nylon 6's properties are highly sensitive to the substitution position, with the monomers ranging from non-polymerizable to polymerizable and the gem-nylon properties ranging from inferior to far superior to the parent nylon 6. Remarkably, the nylon 6 with the gem-dimethyls substituted at the γ position is amorphous and optically transparent, with a higher Tg (by 30 °C), yield stress (by 1.5 MPa), ductility (by 3×), and lower depolymerization temperature (by 60 °C) than conventional nylon 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - Liwei Ye
- Department of Chemistry and the Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
| | - Ethan C Quinn
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
| | - Changxia Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
| | - Linda J Broadbelt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
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Kleybolte MM, Winnacker M. From Forest to Future: Synthesis of Sustainable High Molecular Weight Polyamides Using and Investigating the AROP of β-Pinene Lactam. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300524. [PMID: 37903330 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyamides (PA) are among the most essential and versatile polymers due to their outstanding characteristics, for example, high chemical resistance and temperature stability. Furthermore, nature-derived monomers can introduce hard-to-synthesize structures into the PAs for unique polymer properties. Pinene, as one of the most abundant terpenes in nature and its presumable stability-giving bicyclic structure, is therefore highly promising. This work presents simple anionic ring-opening polymerizations of β-pinene lactam (AROP) in-bulk and in solution. PAs with high molecular weights, suitable for further processing, are produced. Their good mechanical, thermal (Td s up to 440 °C), and transparent appearance render them promising high-performance biomaterials. In the following, the suitability of different initiators is discussed. Thereby, it is found that NaH is the most successful for in-bulk polymerization, with a degree of polymerization (DP) of about 322. For solution-AROP, iPrMgCl·LiCl is successfully used for the first time, achieving DPs up to about 163. The obtained PAs are also hot-pressed, and the dynamic mechanical properties are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M Kleybolte
- Wacker-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München, 85748, Deutschland
- Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, Garching bei München, 85748, Deutschland
| | - Malte Winnacker
- Wacker-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München, 85748, Deutschland
- Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, Garching bei München, 85748, Deutschland
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Li X, Zheng M, Zhao S, Cao Z, Pan K, Feng X, Zhang H, Zheng M, Wang C. In Situ Polymerization of Antibacterial Modification Polyamide 66 with Au@Cu 2O-ZnO Ternary Heterojunction. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:158. [PMID: 38201823 PMCID: PMC10780995 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In situ polymerization has proven to be an effective route through which to introduce function materials into polyamide materials. In this work, a nano-heterojunction material was evenly dispersed in PA66 via in situ polymerization methods to yield the antimicrobial PA66. The composites showed excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with strong mechanical properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that metal ions reacted with oxygen-containing functional groups. In addition, the shift of oxygen peaks in XPS spectra confirmed the occurrence of a complexation reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the effect of nano-heterojunction, which induced crystallization. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed uniform dispersion of heterojunctions in PA66. Tensile testing revealed decreased toughness with higher loadings. The nanocomposite polyamide material has good processing properties which can be processed into thin films, molds, and wires without changing the morphology, and can be widely used in a variety of fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Institute of System Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, People’s Liberation Army, Beijing 100010, China; (X.L.); (X.F.)
| | - Mi Zheng
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (M.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Shikun Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (K.P.)
| | - Zhiwen Cao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (K.P.)
| | - Kai Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (K.P.)
| | - Xinxing Feng
- Institute of System Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, People’s Liberation Army, Beijing 100010, China; (X.L.); (X.F.)
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of System Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, People’s Liberation Army, Beijing 100010, China; (X.L.); (X.F.)
| | - Min Zheng
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (M.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (M.Z.); (C.W.)
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Li K, Cui L, Zhang Y, Jian Z. Amide-Functionalized Polyolefins and Facile Post-Transformations. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhongbao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Catalytic Production of Functional Monomers from Lysine and Their Application in High-Valued Polymers. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine is a key raw material in the chemical industry owing to its sustainability, mature fermentation process and unique chemical structure, besides being an important nutritional supplement. Multiple commodities can be produced from lysine, which thus inspired various catalytic strategies for the production of these lysine-based chemicals and their downstream applications in functional polymer production. In this review, we present a fundamental and comprehensive study on the catalytic production process of several important lysine-based chemicals and their application in highly valued polymers. Specifically, we first focus on the synthesis process and some of the current industrial production methods of lysine-based chemicals, including ε-caprolactam, α-amino-ε-caprolactam and its derivatives, cadaverine, lysinol and pipecolic acid. Second, the applications and prospects of these lysine-based monomers in functional polymers are discussed such as derived poly (lysine), nylon-56, nylon-6 and its derivatives, which are all of growing interest in pharmaceuticals, human health, textile processes, fire control and electronic manufacturing. We finally conclude with the prospects of the development of both the design and synthesis of new lysine derivatives and the expansion of the as-synthesized lysine-based monomers in potential fields.
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Sustainable Polyamides Enabled by Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization of 4-Hydroxyproline-derived Lactams. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Xue R, Chu X, Yang F, Liu Z, Yin L, Tang H. Imidazolium-Based Polypeptide Coating with a Synergistic Antibacterial Effect and a Biofilm-Responsive Property. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:387-393. [PMID: 35575359 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Surface modification with cationic polymer coatings represented an important strategy to address the medical device-related infection issues. However, limited antibacterial activities and high cytotoxicity have hampered their development. Herein, we report a facile method to enhance the surface antibacterial activity by construction of an imidazolium-based polypeptide with fosfomycin counteranions (i.e., S4-PIL-FS). The polypeptide coating displayed a synergistic antibacterial effect from the combination of membrane disruption and inhibition of initial cell wall synthesis, leading to higher in vitro and in vivo surface antibacterial activities than cationic polypeptide or fosfomycin sodium alone. S4-PIL-FS also showed a decrease in the hemolytic ratio and cytotoxicity toward different mammalian cells. Moreover, we observed an interesting biofilm-responsive property of S4-PIL-FS originating from the esterase-induced cleavages of side-chain ester bonds that enabled an antibiofilm property of the cationic polypeptide coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhong Xue
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaotang Chu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fangping Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lichen Yin
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Haoyu Tang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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