1
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Mijangos C, Martin J. Polymerization within Nanoporous Anodized Alumina Oxide Templates (AAO): A Critical Survey. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030525. [PMID: 36771824 PMCID: PMC9919978 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, the polymerization of monomers within the nanocavities of porous materials has been thoroughly studied and developed, allowing for the synthesis of polymers with tailored morphologies, chemical architectures and functionalities. This is thus a subject of paramount scientific and technological relevance, which, however, has not previously been analyzed from a general perspective. The present overview reports the state of the art on polymerization reactions in spatial confinement within porous materials, focusing on the use of anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. It includes the description of the AAO templates used as nanoreactors. The polymerization reactions are categorized based on the polymerization mechanism. Amongst others, this includes electrochemical polymerization, free radical polymerization, step polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). For each polymerization mechanism, a further subdivision is made based on the nature of the monomer used. Other aspects of "in situ" polymerization reactions in restricted AAO geometries include: conversion monitoring, kinetic studies, modeling and polymer characterization. In addition to the description of the polymerization process itself, the use of polymer materials derived from polymerization in AAO templates in nanotechnology applications, is also highlighted. Finally, the review is concluded with a general discussion outlining the challenges that remain in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Mijangos
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, DIPC, Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Jaime Martin
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Grupo de Polímeros, Centro de Investigacións Tecnolóxicas (CIT), Universidade da Coruña, 15471 Ferrol, Spain
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2
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Ok S, Vayer M, Sinturel C. A decade of innovation and progress in understanding the morphology and structure of heterogeneous polymers in rigid confinement. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:7430-7458. [PMID: 34341814 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00522g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
When confined in nanoscale domains, polymers generally encounter changes in their structural, thermodynamics and dynamics properties compared to those in the bulk, due to the high amount of polymer/wall interfaces and limited amount of matter. The present review specifically deals with the confinement of heterogeneous polymers (i.e. polymer blends and block copolymers) in rigid nanoscale domains (i.e. bearing non-deformable solid walls) where the processes of phase separation and self-assembly can be deeply affected. This review focuses on the innovative contributions of the last decade (2010-2020), giving a summary of the new insights and understanding gained in this period. We conclude this review by giving our view on the most thriving directions for this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Ok
- Petroleum Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait.
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3
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Yue X, Geng Z, Yan N, Jiang W. Hierarchical self-assembly of a PS-b-P4VP/PS-b-PNIPAM mixture into multicompartment micelles and their response to two-dimensional confinement. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:1194-1203. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05180e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Finely tuned synergistic effects among different blocks could realize intriguing hierarchical self-assembly of block copolymers and such hierarchical self-assembly could be manipulated by cylindrical confinement to tune the structures of assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Zhen Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Nan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
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4
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Rezaei SJT, Malekzadeh AM, Ramazani A, Niknejad H. pH-Sensitive Magnetite Nanoparticles Modified with Hyperbranched Polymers and Folic Acid for Targeted Imaging and Therapy. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:839-848. [DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666191002102353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
A novel pH-sensitive superparamagnetic drug delivery system was developed
based on quercetin loaded hyperbranched polyamidoamine-b-polyethylene glycol-folic acid-modified
Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PAMAM-b-PEG-FA).
Methods:
The nanoparticles exhibit excellent water dispersity with well-defined size distribution
(around 51.8 nm) and strong magnetisability. In vitro release studies demonstrated that the quercetinloaded
Fe3O4@PAMAM-b-PEG-FA nanoparticles are stable at normal physiologic conditions (pH 7.4
and 37°C) but sensitive to acidic conditions (pH 5.6 and 37°C), which led to the rapid release of the
loaded drug.
Results:
Fluorescent microscopy results indicated that the Fe3O4@PAMAM-b-PEG-FA nanoparticles
could be efficiently accumulated in tumor tissue compared with non-folate conjugated nanoparticles.
Also, in comparison with free quercetin, the quercetin loaded Fe3O4@PAMAM-b-PEG-FA exerts
higher cytotoxicity. Furthermore, this magnetic nanocarrier showed high MRI sensitivity, even in its
lower iron content.
Conclusion:
The results indicated that the prepared nanoparticles are an effective chemotherapy and
diagnosis system to inhibit proliferation and monitor the progression of tumor cells, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Jamal Tabatabaei Rezaei
- Laboratory of novel drug delivery systems, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45195-313, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Asemeh Mashhadi Malekzadeh
- Laboratory of novel drug delivery systems, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45195-313, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Laboratory of novel drug delivery systems, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45195-313, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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León-Boigues L, von Bilderling C, Pietrasanta LI, Azzaroni O, Giussi JM, Mijangos C. A Patterned Butyl Methacrylate- co-2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate Copolymer with Softening Surface and Swelling Capacity. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E290. [PMID: 30960274 PMCID: PMC6419064 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tunable swelling and mechanical properties of nanostructures polymers are crucial parameters for the creation of adaptive devices to be used in diverse fields, such as drug delivery, nanomedicine, and tissue engineering. We present the use of anodic aluminum oxide templates as a nanoreactor to copolymerize butyl methacrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate under radical conditions. The copolymer obtained under confinement showed significant differences with respect to the same copolymer obtained in bulk conditions. Molecular weights, molecular weight dispersities, Young's modulus, and wetting behaviors were significantly modified. The combination of selected monomers allowed us to obtain nanopillar structures with an interesting softening surface and extraordinary swelling capacity that could be of special interest to surface science and specifically, cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia León-Boigues
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Catalina von Bilderling
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)⁻Departamento de Química⁻Facultad de Ciencias Exactas-Universidad Nacional de La Plata⁻CONICET, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Lía I Pietrasanta
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA-CONICET), C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)⁻Departamento de Química⁻Facultad de Ciencias Exactas-Universidad Nacional de La Plata⁻CONICET, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Juan M Giussi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)⁻Departamento de Química⁻Facultad de Ciencias Exactas-Universidad Nacional de La Plata⁻CONICET, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Carmen Mijangos
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4 and Centro de Fisica de Materiales, CFM-CSIC/UPV-EHU Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
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6
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Chang CW, Tu YH, Luo KH, Chen JT. From Block Copolymer Nanotubes to Nanospheres: Nonsolvent-Induced Morphology Transformation Using Porous Templates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:14388-14394. [PMID: 30376343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer nanostructures have attracted great attention because of the wide range of applications such as sensors and drug delivery. The fabrication of block copolymer nanostructures with controlled morphologies and sizes, however, is still challenging. Here, we study the fabrication of nanotubes and nanospheres of polystyrene- block-polybutadiene (PS- b-PBD) using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. When PS- b-PBD solutions in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone are introduced into the nanopores of the AAO templates applying the traditional solution wetting method, PS- b-PBD nanotubes can be obtained. When PS- b-PBD solutions in the nanopores are in contact with a nonsolvent, acetic acid, PS- b-PBD nanospheres are formed. Two possible mechanisms are proposed to discuss the formation of the nonsolvent-driven morphology transformation, including the Rayleigh-instability-type transformation mechanism and the nucleation and growth mechanism. The effect of the polymer concentrations on the internal morphologies of the PS- b-PBD nanostructures is discussed; at higher concentrations, PS- b-PBD nanocapsules can also be prepared. Furthermore, core-shell PS- b-PBD/polymethylmethacrylate nanospheres can be fabricated using this strategy with polymer blend solutions. This work not only demonstrates a simple strategy to control the morphologies of block copolymer nanostructures but also deepens the understanding of the interactions between polymer solutions and solvents.
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7
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Blaszczyk-Lezak I, Juanes D, Martín J, Mijangos C. Gecko-like Branched Polymeric Nanostructures from Nanoporous Templates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:11449-11453. [PMID: 30157645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a simple method to produce hierarchically shaped polymeric one-dimensional nanostructures. More specifically, dual-sized polymer nanowires are fabricated employing multibranched anodic aluminum oxide templates. By fine selection of the anodization conditions, we achieve branched nanopores having a first segment of 400 nm in diameter from which seven further 55 nm in diameter pores arise. Wetting of such nanopores with polymer melts-for example, poly(ε-caprolactone) and polystyrene-allows for the nanomolding of their respective inverse nanostructures, that is, dual-sized multibranched polymer nanowires that, when supported on a flat surface, strongly resemble the spatulae of geckos' toes. The structural features of the dual-sized polymer nanostructures, namely, crystalline phase, crystallinity, texture, and so on, are furthermore characterized and interpreted within the context of polymer phase transitions in confined media. Our work presents a readily applicable approach to produce soft nanomaterials of high morphological complexity, thereby with promising implications in the nanotechnology area, for example, in biomimetic solid adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3 , 28006 Madrid , Spain
| | - Diana Juanes
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3 , 28006 Madrid , Spain
| | - Jaime Martín
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Manuel de Lardizabal 3 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , E-48011 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Carmen Mijangos
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3 , 28006 Madrid , Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 2 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- Materials Physics Center (CFM) , CSIC-UPV/EHU , Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 5 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
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8
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Zhao B, Lin J, Deng J, Liu D. Seed-Surface Grafting Precipitation Polymerization for Preparing Microsized Optically Active Helical Polymer Core/Shell Particles and Their Application in Enantioselective Crystallization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800072. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Jiangfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Jianping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Dong Liu
- BUCT-CWRU International Joint Laboratory and College of Energy; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
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9
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Ko HW, Higuchi T, Chang CW, Cheng MH, Isono K, Chi MH, Jinnai H, Chen JT. Controlled self-assemblies of polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane micelles in cylindrical confinement through a micelle solution wetting method and Rayleigh-instability-driven transformation. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:5428-5436. [PMID: 28702567 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01024a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer micelles have been extensively discussed for many decades because of their applications, such as lithography and drug delivery. However, controlling the morphologies of nanostructure assembly using block copolymer micelles as building elements remains a great challenge. In this work, we developed a novel route to induce micelle assembly in confined geometries. Polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane (PS-b-PDMS) micelle solutions were used to prepare micelle nanostructures, and the critical parameters affecting the morphologies were determined. Micelle nanorods, micelle nanospheres, and multi-component nanopeapods were prepared by wetting anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates with micelle solutions. Rayleigh-instability-driven transformation was discovered to play an important role in controlling the morphologies of the micelle nanostructures. This study not only proposes a versatile approach to preparing block copolymer micelle nanostructures, but it also provides deeper insight into the controlling factors of block copolymer micelle morphologies in cylindrical confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wen Ko
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.
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10
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Chi MH, Su CH, Cheng MH, Chung PY, Peng CH, Chen JT. Shaping the Light: The Key Factors Affecting the Photophysical Properties of Fluorescent Polymer Nanostructures. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:2037-2044. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Huan Chi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Su
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiang Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yun Chung
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Chi-How Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Tai Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
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11
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Sanz B, Blaszczyk-Lezak I, Mijangos C, Palacios JK, Müller AJ. New Double-Infiltration Methodology to Prepare PCL-PS Core-Shell Nanocylinders Inside Anodic Aluminum Oxide Templates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:7860-7865. [PMID: 27420298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Melt nanomolding of core-shell nanocylinders of different sizes, employing anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates, is reported here for the first time. The core-shell nanostructures are achieved by a new melt double-infiltration technique. During the first infiltration step, polystyrene (PS) nanotubes are produced by an adequate choice of AAO nanopore diameter size. In the second step, PCL is infiltrated inside the PS nanotubes, as its melting point (and infiltration temperature) is lower than the glass transition temperature of PS. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements verified the complete double-infiltration of the polymers. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments show that the infiltrated PCL undergoes a confined fractionated crystallization with two crystallization steps located at temperatures that depend on which surface is in contact with the PCL nanocylinders (i.e., alumina or PS). The melt double-infiltration methodology represents a novel approach to study the effect of the surrounding surface on polymer crystallization under confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Sanz
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Carmen Mijangos
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) and Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM), CSIC-UPV , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jordana K Palacios
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro J Müller
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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12
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Hu X, Ding Y, Liu J, Deng Y, Cheng C. Synthesis and fluorescence properties of a waterborne polyurethane–acrylic hybrid polymeric dye. Polym Bull (Berl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-016-1729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Qiao F, Wang M. Preparation of selective magnetic dispersive solid-phase sorbent and its application for recognition clenbuterol from bovine urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1017-1018:18-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Ko HW, Chang CW, Chi MH, Chu CW, Cheng MH, Fang ZX, Luo KH, Chen JT. Hierarchical hybrid nanostructures: controlled assembly of polymer-encapsulated gold nanoparticles via a Rayleigh-instability-driven transformation under cylindrical confinement. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10430d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel method to fabricate hierarchical hybrid nanostructures assembled from polystyrene-encapsulated gold nanoparticles is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wen Ko
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan 30010
| | - Chun-Wei Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan 30010
| | - Mu-Huan Chi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan 30010
| | - Chien-Wei Chu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan 30010
| | - Ming-Hsiang Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan 30010
| | - Zhi-Xuan Fang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan 30010
| | - Ke-Hsuan Luo
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan 30010
| | - Jiun-Tai Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan 30010
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