1
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Wang M, Xiao X, Siddika S, Shamsi M, Frey E, Qian W, Bai W, O'Connor BT, Dickey MD. Glassy gels toughened by solvent. Nature 2024; 631:313-318. [PMID: 38898283 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07564-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Glassy polymers are generally stiff and strong yet have limited extensibility1. By swelling with solvent, glassy polymers can become gels that are soft and weak yet have enhanced extensibility1-3. The marked changes in properties arise from the solvent increasing free volume between chains while weakening polymer-polymer interactions. Here we show that solvating polar polymers with ionic liquids (that is, ionogels4,5) at appropriate concentrations can produce a unique class of materials called glassy gels with desirable properties of both glasses and gels. The ionic liquid increases free volume and therefore extensibility despite the absence of conventional solvent (for example, water). Yet, the ionic liquid forms strong and abundant non-covalent crosslinks between polymer chains to render a stiff, tough, glassy, and homogeneous network (that is, no phase separation)6, at room temperature. Despite being more than 54 wt% liquid, the glassy gels exhibit enormous fracture strength (42 MPa), toughness (110 MJ m-3), yield strength (73 MPa) and Young's modulus (1 GPa). These values are similar to those of thermoplastics such as polyethylene, yet unlike thermoplastics, the glassy gels can be deformed up to 670% strain with full and rapid recovery on heating. These transparent materials form by a one-step polymerization and have impressive adhesive, self-healing and shape-memory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiang Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Xun Xiao
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Salma Siddika
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Organic and Carbon Electronic Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Mohammad Shamsi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ethan Frey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Wen Qian
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Wubin Bai
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brendan T O'Connor
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Organic and Carbon Electronic Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Michael D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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2
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Wang SQ, Smith T, Gupta C, Siavoshani AY. Building a phenomenological chain-level understanding of mechanics of semicrystalline polymers: 2. Conceptual. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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3
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Zhang T, Riggleman RA. Thickness-Dependent Mechanical Failure in Thin Films of Glassy Polymer Bidisperse Blends. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianren Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Robert A. Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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4
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Zeng Y, Xu YT, Zhang J, Xu L, Ji X, Lin H, Zhong GJ, Li ZM. Coupling Effect of Mechanical and Thermal Rejuvenation for Polystyrene: Toward High Performance of Stiffness, Ductility, and Transparency. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zeng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ying-Te Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ling Xu
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xu Ji
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hao Lin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Gan-Ji Zhong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Razavi
- Department of Polymer Science University of Akron Akron OH 44325 USA
| | - Shi‐Qing Wang
- Department of Polymer Science University of Akron Akron OH 44325 USA
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6
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Razavi M, Cheng S, Huang D, Zhang S, Wang SQ. Crazing and yielding in glassy polymers of high molecular weight. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Jabbari-Farouji S, Vandembroucq D. Compression-induced anti-nematic order in glassy and semicrystalline polymers. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:102-106. [PMID: 31793978 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01848d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We provide new insights into the molecular origin of the asymmetry between uniaxial tensile and compressive deformation of glassy and semicrystalline polymers using molecular dynamics simulations. The difference between the two responses strongly depends on the chain length and is the largest at intermediate chain lengths. Irrespective of chain length, the intra- and interchain organization of polymers under extension and compression are remarkably distinct. The chains align along the tensile axis leading to a global nematic order of the bonds and end-to-end vectors, whereas compression reorganizes polymers to lie in planes perpendicular to the compressive axis resulting in the emergence of an anti-nematic order and destruction of crystallinity. Regardless of the initial glassy or semicrystalline structure, the deformed state of polymers at large strains converge towards the same kind of structure that only depends on the deformation mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jabbari-Farouji
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Staudingerweg 7-9, 55128 Mainz, Germany and Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Damien Vandembroucq
- Laboratoire PMMH, UMR 7636 CNRS, ESPCI, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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8
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Zhang M, Lai Y, Li M, Hong T, Wang W, Yu H, Li L, Zhou Q, Ke Y, Zhan X, Zhu T, Huang C, Yin P. The Microscopic Structure–Property Relationship of Metal–Organic Polyhedron Nanocomposites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Yuyan Lai
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Mu Li
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Tao Hong
- Deparmemt of ChemistryUniversity of Tennessee, Knoxville Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA
| | - Weiyu Wang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Haitao Yu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Lengwan Li
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Qianjie Zhou
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Yubin Ke
- China Spallation Neutron SourceInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of Science Dongguan 523000 China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhan
- China Spallation Neutron SourceInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of Science Dongguan 523000 China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of Science Beijing 100190 China
| | - Caili Huang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and StorageMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Panchao Yin
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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9
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Zhang M, Lai Y, Li M, Hong T, Wang W, Yu H, Li L, Zhou Q, Ke Y, Zhan X, Zhu T, Huang C, Yin P. The Microscopic Structure-Property Relationship of Metal-Organic Polyhedron Nanocomposites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17412-17417. [PMID: 31545541 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Monodispersed hairy nanocomposites with typical 2 nm (isophthalic acid)24 Cu24 metal-organic polyhedra (MOP) as a core protected by 24 polymer chains with controlled narrow molecular weight distribution has been probed by imaging and scattering studies for the heterogeneity of polymers in the nanocomposites and the confinement effect the MOPs imposing on anchored polymers. Typical confined-extending surrounded by one entanglement area is proposed to describe the physical states of the polymer chains. This model dictates the counterintuitive thermal and rheological properties and prohibited solvent exchange properties of the nanocomposites, whilst those polymer chain states are tunable and deterministic based on their component inputs. From the relationship between the structure and behavior of the MOP nanocomposites, a MOP-composited thermoplastic elastomer was obtained, providing practical solutions to improve mechanical/rheological performances and processabilities of inorganic MOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuyan Lai
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Mu Li
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Tao Hong
- Deparmemt of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA
| | - Weiyu Wang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Lengwan Li
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qianjie Zhou
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yubin Ke
- China Spallation Neutron Source, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhan
- China Spallation Neutron Source, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Caili Huang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Panchao Yin
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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10
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Gao XR, Li Y, Huang HD, Xu JZ, Xu L, Ji X, Zhong GJ, Li ZM. Extensional Stress-Induced Orientation and Crystallization can Regulate the Balance of Toughness and Stiffness of Polylactide Films: Interplay of Oriented Amorphous Chains and Crystallites. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Liu Z, Li X, Zheng Y, Wang SQ, Tsige M. Chain Network: Key to the Ductile Behavior of Polymer Glasses. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuonan Liu
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Yexin Zheng
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Shi-Qing Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Mesfin Tsige
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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12
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Sánchez-Valencia A, Smerdova O, Hutchings LR, De Focatiis DSA. The Roles of Blending and of Molecular Weight Distribution on Craze Initiation. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga Smerdova
- Faculty
of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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13
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Rashidi S, Zheng Z, Li B. Enhancement of discharged energy density of poly(ethylene oxide) by soy protein isolate. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Rashidi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Wichita State University; 1845 Fairmount Str. Wichita Kansas 67260-0133
| | - Zhuoyuan Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Wichita State University; 1845 Fairmount Str. Wichita Kansas 67260-0133
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Wichita State University; 1845 Fairmount Str. Wichita Kansas 67260-0133
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14
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Zhao Y, Liu J, Li X, Lu Y, Wang SQ. How and Why Polymer Glasses Lose Their Ductility Due to Plasticizers. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Department of Polymer Science
and Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Jianning Liu
- Department of Polymer Science
and Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Department of Polymer Science
and Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Polymer Science
and Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Shi-Qing Wang
- Department of Polymer Science
and Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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15
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Nonlinear stress relaxation behavior of ductile polymer glasses from large extension and compression. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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