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Wei Z, He W, Liu Z, Lin Y, Wang M, Li L, Wu C, Yang S, Liu G, Yang R. Orthogonal Radical and Cationic Single-Unit Monomer Insertions for Engineering Polymer Architectures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402265. [PMID: 38760991 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The single-unit monomer insertion (SUMI), derived from living/controlled polymerization, can be directly functionalized at the end or within the chain of polymers prepared by living/controlled polymerization, offering potential applications in the preparation of polymers with complex architectures. Many scenarios demand the simultaneous incorporation of monomers suitable for different polymerization methods into complex polymers. Therefore, it becomes imperative to utilize SUMI technologies with diverse mechanisms, especially those that are compatible with each other. Here, we reported the orthogonal SUMI technique, seamlessly combining radical and cationic SUMI approaches. Through the careful optimization of monomer and chain transfer agent pairs and adjustments to reaction conditions, we can efficiently execute both radical and cationic SUMI processes in one pot without mutual interference. The utilization of orthogonal SUMI pairs facilitates the integration of radical and cationic reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization in various configurations. This flexibility enables the synthesis of diblock, triblock, and star polymers that incorporate both cationically and radically polymerizable monomers. Moreover, we have successfully implemented a mixing mechanism of free radicals and cations in RAFT step-growth polymerization, resulting in the creation of a side-chain sequence-controlled polymer brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Wei He
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Yating Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Maolin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Chunxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Guhuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
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Moschovas D, Manesi GM, Karydis-Messinis A, Zapsas G, Ntetsikas K, Zafeiropoulos NE, Piryazev AA, Thomas EL, Hadjichristidis N, Ivanov DA, Avgeropoulos A. Alternating Gyroid Network Structure in an ABC Miktoarm Terpolymer Comprised of Polystyrene and Two Polydienes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1497. [PMID: 32751589 PMCID: PMC7466615 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, molecular and morphological characterization of a 3-miktoarm star terpolymer of polystyrene (PS, M¯n = 61.0 kg/mol), polybutadiene (PB, M¯n = 38.2 kg/mol) and polyisoprene (PI, M¯n = 29.2 kg/mol), corresponding to volume fractions (φ) of 0.46, 0.31 and 0.23 respectively, was studied. The major difference of the present material from previous ABC miktoarm stars (which is a star architecture bearing three different segments, all connected to a single junction point) with the same block components is the high 3,4-microstructure (55%) of the PI chains. The interaction parameter and the degree of polymerization of the two polydienes is sufficiently positive to create a three-phase microdomain structure as evidenced by differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These results in combination with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and birefringence experiments suggest a cubic tricontinuous network structure, based on the I4132 space group never reported previously for such an architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Moschovas
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (D.M.); (G.-M.M.); (A.K.-M.); (N.E.Z.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Gkreti-Maria Manesi
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (D.M.); (G.-M.M.); (A.K.-M.); (N.E.Z.)
| | - Andreas Karydis-Messinis
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (D.M.); (G.-M.M.); (A.K.-M.); (N.E.Z.)
| | - George Zapsas
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia; (G.Z.); (K.N.); (N.H.)
| | - Konstantinos Ntetsikas
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia; (G.Z.); (K.N.); (N.H.)
| | - Nikolaos E. Zafeiropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (D.M.); (G.-M.M.); (A.K.-M.); (N.E.Z.)
| | - Alexey A. Piryazev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia;
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse—IS2M, CNRS UMR7361, 15 Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Edwin L. Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia; (G.Z.); (K.N.); (N.H.)
| | - Dimitri A. Ivanov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia;
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse—IS2M, CNRS UMR7361, 15 Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (D.M.); (G.-M.M.); (A.K.-M.); (N.E.Z.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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Nghiem TL, Chakroun R, Janoszka N, Chen C, Klein K, Wong CK, Gröschel AH. pH-Controlled Hierarchical Assembly/Disassembly of Multicompartment Micelles in Water. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000301. [PMID: 32613695 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multicompartment micelles (MCMs) have become attractive drug delivery systems as they allow the separate storage of two or more incompatible cargos in their core compartments (e.g., drugs and dyes for imaging). A recent hierarchical self-assembly process for hydrophobic terpolymers in organic solvents showed the ability to form very homogeneous MCM populations, yet the transfer of this process into water requires a better understanding of the formation mechanism and influence of chain mobility during assembly. Here, the synthesis of a linear poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate)-block-poly(benzyl acrylate)-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (POEGMA-b-PBzA-b-P4VP) triblock terpolymer by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is reported as well as its step-wise assembly into MCMs in water with POEGMA corona, PBzA patches, and P4VP core. Reversible assembly/disassembly of the MCMs is investigated through protonation/deprotonation of the P4VP core. Interestingly, the low glass transition temperature (Tg ) of the hydrophobic PBzA middle block causes MCMs to directly disassemble into molecularly dissolved chains instead of patchy micelles due to mechanical stress from electrosteric repulsion of the protonated P4VP corona chains. In addition, pH resistant MCMs are created by core-crosslinking and fluorescent properties are added by covalent anchoring of fluorescent dyes via straightforward click chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Lam Nghiem
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Ramzi Chakroun
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Nicole Janoszka
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Chen Chen
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Kai Klein
- Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45117, Germany
| | - Chin Ken Wong
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - André H Gröschel
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
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Kennemur JG. Poly(vinylpyridine) Segments in Block Copolymers: Synthesis, Self-Assembly, and Versatility. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin G. Kennemur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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Musteata V, Sutisna B, Polymeropoulos G, Avgeropoulos A, Meneau F, Peinemann KV, Hadjichristidis N, Nunes SP. Self-assembly of polystyrene- b -poly(2-vinylpyridine)- b -poly(ethylene oxide) triblock terpolymers. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Pan C, Tillman E. Accurately Determining the Extent of Coupling in Post Polymerization Reactions of Polystyrene. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E80. [PMID: 30966114 PMCID: PMC6415076 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymers prepared by controlled radical polymerization (CRP) can be employed in subsequent chain-end joining reactions, yet accurately assessing the extent of coupling in mechanistically unique paths is not straightforward. Precisely known mixtures of polystyrene standards were prepared and analyzed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), mimicking the coupled product and precursor that could be present after a post-polymerization, chain-end joining reaction. The exactly known percentages of each polymer in the mixture allowed for comparison of the true "extent of coupling" (Xc) to that determined by a commonly used equation, which is based on number average molecular weights (Mn) of the precursor and coupled product. The results indicated that an improvement in accuracy could be achieved by instead using refractive index (RI) signal height ratios under the peak molecular weight (Mp) of each component, with all calculations being within 0.05 of the true Xc of the fabricated "product" mixture (compared to greater than 0.10 average error using the more established method) when the sample mixture had nominal molecular weights of 2500 and 5000 Da. Moreover, when "precursor" and "coupled" pairs mixed were not related as a simple doubling of molecular weight, the calculation method presented here remained effective at determining the content of the mixture, especially at higher Xc values (>0.45). This second case is important for experiments that may link polymer chains together with a spacer, such as a radical trap, a triazole, or even larger structure such as an oligomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA.
| | - Eric Tillman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA.
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8
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Wang ZD, Yan CF, Huang Y, Yi LQ. Dependence of size and morphology on shear flow for PS-based amphiphilic block copolymer micelles in aqueous solution. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-017-1927-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Polymeropoulos G, Zapsas G, Ntetsikas K, Bilalis P, Gnanou Y, Hadjichristidis N. 50th Anniversary Perspective: Polymers with Complex Architectures. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Polymeropoulos
- Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, and ‡Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - George Zapsas
- Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, and ‡Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Konstantinos Ntetsikas
- Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, and ‡Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Panayiotis Bilalis
- Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, and ‡Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, and ‡Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, and ‡Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Kim MJ, Yu YG, Kang NG, Kang BG, Lee JS. Precise Synthesis of Functional Block Copolymers by Living Anionic Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers Bearing Nitrogen Atoms in the Side Chain. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Jin Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61005 Korea
| | - Yong-Guen Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61005 Korea
| | - Nam-Goo Kang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Tennessee; Buehler Hall 1420 Circle Dr. Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Beom-Goo Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Princeton University; Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Jae-Suk Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST); 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61005 Korea
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Wang J, Li B, Wang X, Yang F, Shen H, Wu D. Morphological Evolution of Self-Assembled Structures Induced by the Molecular Architecture of Supra-Amphiphiles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:13706-13715. [PMID: 27966989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of telechelic supramolecular amphiphiles [POSS-Azo8@(β-CD-PDMAEMA)1→8] was accomplished by orthogonally coupling the multiarm host polymer β-cyclodextrin-poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (β-CD-PDMAEMA) with an octatelechelic guest molecule azobenzene modified-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS-Azo8) under different host-guest ratios. These telechelic supramolecular amphiphiles possess a rigid core and flexible corona. Increasing the multiarm host polymer coupled onto the rigid POSS core made the molecular architecture tend to be symmetrical and spherical. POSS-Azo8@[β-CD-PDMAEMA]1→8 could self-assemble into diverse morphologies evolving from spherical micelles, wormlike micelles, and branched aggregates to bowl-shaped vesicles. Distinct from the traditional linear amphiphilic polymers, we discovered that the self-assembly of POSS-Azo8@[β-CD-PDMAEMA]1→8 was dominantly regulated by their molecular architectures instead of hydrophilicity, which has also been verified using computer simulation results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fei Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | | | - Decheng Wu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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Alkayal N, Zapsas G, Bilalis P, Hadjichristidis N. Self-assembly behavior of well-defined polymethylene-block-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers in aqueous solution. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Polymeropoulos G, Bilalis P, Hadjichristidis N. Well-Defined Cyclic Triblock Terpolymers: A Missing Piece of the Morphology Puzzle. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:1242-1246. [PMID: 35614733 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two well-defined cyclic triblock terpolymers, missing pieces of the terpolymer morphology puzzle, consisting of poly(isoprene), polystyrene, and poly(2-vinylpyridine), were synthesized by combining the Glaser coupling reaction with anionic polymerization. An α,ω-dihydroxy linear triblock terpolymer (OH-PI1,4-b-PS-b-P2VP-OH) was first synthesized followed by transformation of the OH to alkyne groups by esterification with pentynoic acid and cyclization by Glaser coupling. The size exclusion chromatography (SEC) trace of the linear terpolymer precursor was shifted to lower elution time after cyclization, indicating the successful synthesis of the cyclic terpolymer. Additionally, the SEC trace of the cyclic terpolymer produced, after cleavage of the ester groups, shifted again practically to the position corresponding to the linear precursor. The first exploratory results on morphology showed the tremendous influence of the cyclic structure on the morphology of terpolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Polymeropoulos
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical
Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer
Synthesis Laboratory, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Panayiotis Bilalis
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical
Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer
Synthesis Laboratory, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical
Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer
Synthesis Laboratory, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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