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Yoshimi Y. Organic Photoredox Reactions in Two-Molecule Photoredox System. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300326. [PMID: 38050955 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Using our recent relevant results, this account shows the featured reactivities of two-molecule photoredox systems compared to one-molecule photoredox systems. The low efficiency of electron transfer processes, such as photoinduced and back-electron transfer, in the two-molecule photoredox system, furnishes unique products through different pathways. The facile replacement of photoredox catalysts with appropriate oxidation/reduction potentials in this system provides valuable insights into photoredox reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuharu Yoshimi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
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2
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Ayurini M, Haridas D, Mendoza DJ, Garnier G, Hooper JF. RAFT Polymerisation by the Radical Decarboxylation of Carboxylic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317071. [PMID: 37990056 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The controlled grafting of polymers from small- and macro-molecular substrates is an essential process for many advanced polymer applications. This usually requires the pre-functionalisation of substrates with an appropriate functional group, such as a RAFT agent or ATRP initiator, which requires additional synthetic steps. In this paper, we describe the direct grafting of RAFT polymers from carboxylate containing small molecules and polymers via photochemical radical decarboxylation. This method utilises the innate functional groups present in the substrates, and achieves efficient polymer initiation in a single step with excellent control of molecular weight and dispersity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meri Ayurini
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Darsan Haridas
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - David Joram Mendoza
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Gil Garnier
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Joel F Hooper
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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3
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Kitcatt DM, Scott KA, Rongione E, Nicolle S, Lee AL. Direct decarboxylative Giese amidations: photocatalytic vs. metal- and light-free. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9806-9813. [PMID: 37736650 PMCID: PMC10510818 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03143h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A direct intermolecular decarboxylative Giese amidation reaction from bench stable, non-toxic and environmentally benign oxamic acids has been developed, which allows for easy access to 1,4-difunctionalised compounds which are not otherwise readily accessible. Crucially, a more general acceptor substrate scope is now possible, which renders the Giese amidation applicable to more complex substrates such as natural products and chiral building blocks. Two different photocatalytic methods (one via oxidative and the other via reductive quenching cycles) and one metal- and light-free method were developed and the flexibility provided by different conditions proved to be crucial for enabling a more general substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Kitcatt
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
| | - Katie A Scott
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
| | - Elena Rongione
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
| | - Simon Nicolle
- GlaxoSmithKline Gunnels Wood Rd Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - Ai-Lan Lee
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
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4
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Exploiting photoredox catalysis for carbohydrate modification through C–H and C–C bond activation. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:782-805. [PMID: 37118094 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis has recently emerged as a powerful synthetic platform for accessing complex chemical structures through non-traditional bond disconnection strategies that proceed through free-radical intermediates. Such synthetic strategies have been used for a range of organic transformations; however, in carbohydrate chemistry they have primarily been applied to the generation of oxocarbenium ion intermediates in the ubiquitous glycosylation reaction. In this Review, we present more intricate light-induced synthetic strategies to modify native carbohydrates through homolytic C-H and C-C bond cleavage. These strategies allow access to glycans and glycoconjugates with profoundly altered carbohydrate skeletons, which are challenging to obtain through conventional synthetic means. Carbohydrate derivatives with such structural motifs represent a broad class of natural products integral to numerous biochemical processes and can be found in active pharmaceutical substances. Here we present progress made in C-H and C-C bond activation of carbohydrates through photoredox catalysis, focusing on the operational mechanisms and the scope of the described methodologies.
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5
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Shinkawa Y, Furutani T, Ikeda T, Yamawaki M, Morita T, Yoshimi Y. Decarboxylative Side-Chain Functionalization of Aspartic/Glutamic Acids Using Two-Molecule Photoredox Catalysts. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11816-11825. [PMID: 35952660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The side-chain functionalization of aspartic/glutamic acid derivatives through photoinduced decarboxylation was achieved by using organic two-molecule photoredox catalysts without racemization under mild conditions. A facile process involving the preparation of substrates and photoinduced decarboxylative radical additions can provide easy access to the linked amino acids with carbohydrates and amino acids at the side chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Shinkawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Toshiki Furutani
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biology, National Institute of Technology, Fukui College, Genshi-cho, Fukui 916-8507, Japan
| | - Takumi Ikeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Mugen Yamawaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, National Institute of Technology, Fukui College, Genshi-cho, Fukui 916-8507, Japan
| | - Toshio Morita
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Yoshimi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
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6
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Tajimi Y, Nachi Y, Inada R, Hashimoto R, Yamawaki M, Ohkubo K, Morita T, Yoshimi Y. 9-Cyano-10-methoxycarbonylanthracene as a Visible Organic Photoredox Catalyst in the Two-Molecule Photoredox System. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7405-7413. [PMID: 35604396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light-induced decarboxylative and deboronative reactions using two-molecule organic photoredox catalysts, namely, phenanthrene (Phen) and biphenyl (BP), as electron donors and 9-cyano-10-methoxycarbonylanthracene 1a as an electron acceptor were achieved. The high solubility of 1a significantly improved the reaction efficiency and product yield. In addition, the facile tuning of the oxidation potential of the electron-donor molecule via the replacement of Phen with BP enabled the application of the two-molecule photoredox system to a wide range of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Tajimi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nachi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Ryoko Inada
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Ryoga Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Mugen Yamawaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, National Institute of Technology, Fukui College, Genshi-cho, Fukui 916-8507, Japan
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Institute for Advanced Co-creation Studies, Osaka University, 2-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 2-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshio Morita
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Yoshimi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
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Abstract
The quest to find milder and more sustainable methods to generate highly reactive, carbon-centred intermediates has led to a resurgence of interest in radical chemistry. In particular, carboxylic acids are seen as attractive radical precursors due their availability, low cost, diversity, and sustainability. Moreover, the corresponding nucleophilic carbon-radical can be easily accessed through a favourable radical decarboxylation process, extruding CO2 as a traceless by-product. This review summarizes the recent progress on using carboxylic acids directly as convenient radical precursors for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds via the 1,4-radical conjugate addition (Giese) reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Kitcatt
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Simon Nicolle
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Rd, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Ai-Lan Lee
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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8
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Kubosaki S, Takeuchi H, Iwata Y, Tanaka Y, Osaka K, Yamawaki M, Morita T, Yoshimi Y. Visible- and UV-Light-Induced Decarboxylative Radical Reactions of Benzoic Acids Using Organic Photoredox Catalysts. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5362-5369. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzuka Kubosaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Haruka Takeuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Yutaka Iwata
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Osaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Mugen Yamawaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Toshio Morita
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Yoshimi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
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9
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Yamawaki M, Asano A, Furutani T, Izumi Y, Tanaka Y, Osaka K, Morita T, Yoshimi Y. Photoinduced Electron Transfer-Promoted Reactions Using Exciplex-Type Organic Photoredox Catalyst Directly Linking Donor and Acceptor Arenes. Molecules 2019; 24:E4453. [PMID: 31817353 PMCID: PMC6943656 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Directly linked donor and acceptor arenes, such as phenanthrene/naphthalene/biphenyl and 1,3-dicyanobenzene were found to work as photoredox catalysts in the photoreactions of indene, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, and 4-methoxyphenylacetic acid. The new stable organic photocatalyst forms an intramolecular exciplex (excited complex) when irradiated in a polar solvent and shows redox catalyst activity, even at low concentrations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of an intramolecular exciplex working as a redox catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yasuharu Yoshimi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan; (M.Y.); (A.A.); (T.F.); (Y.I.); (Y.T.); (K.O.); (T.M.)
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10
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Ozaki Y, Yamada T, Mizuno T, Osaka K, Yamawaki M, Maeda H, Morita T, Yoshimi Y. Retention of chirality of 5-membered alicyclic α-amino acids bearing N-(2-phenyl)benzoyl group in photoinduced decarboxylative intermolecular radical addition to acrylonitrile. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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11
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Iwasaki T, Tajimi Y, Kameda K, Kingwell C, Wcislo W, Osaka K, Yamawaki M, Morita T, Yoshimi Y. Synthesis of 23-, 25-, 27-, and 29-Membered ( Z)-Selective Unsaturated and Saturated Macrocyclic Lactones from 16- and 17-Membered Macrocyclic Lactones and Bromoalcohols by Wittig Reaction, Yamaguchi Macrolactonization, and Photoinduced Decarboxylative Radical Macrolactonization. J Org Chem 2019; 84:8019-8026. [PMID: 31136179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy for the synthesis of 23-, 25-, 27-, and 29-membered ( Z)-selective unsaturated and saturated macrocyclic lactones from commercially available 16- and 17-membered macrocyclic lactones and bromoalcohols by Wittig reaction, Yamaguchi macrolactonization, and photoinduced decarboxylative radical macrolactonization is described. The position of the unsaturated part in the macrocyclic lactones can be controlled by changing the number of carbons in the starting materials. This protocol can provide facile access to the desired large-ring ( Z)-selective unsaturated and saturated macrocyclic lactones from simple starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Iwasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , University of Fukui , 3-9-1 Bunkyo , Fukui 910-8507 , Japan
| | - Yuka Tajimi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , University of Fukui , 3-9-1 Bunkyo , Fukui 910-8507 , Japan
| | - Kenta Kameda
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , University of Fukui , 3-9-1 Bunkyo , Fukui 910-8507 , Japan
| | - Callum Kingwell
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute , Luis Clement Avenue, Building 401 Tupper , Balboa Ancon, Panama 0843-03092 , Republic of Panama
| | - William Wcislo
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute , Luis Clement Avenue, Building 401 Tupper , Balboa Ancon, Panama 0843-03092 , Republic of Panama
| | - Kazuyuki Osaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , University of Fukui , 3-9-1 Bunkyo , Fukui 910-8507 , Japan
| | - Mugen Yamawaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , University of Fukui , 3-9-1 Bunkyo , Fukui 910-8507 , Japan
| | - Toshio Morita
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , University of Fukui , 3-9-1 Bunkyo , Fukui 910-8507 , Japan
| | - Yasuharu Yoshimi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , University of Fukui , 3-9-1 Bunkyo , Fukui 910-8507 , Japan
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12
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Tanaka Y, Kubosaki S, Osaka K, Yamawaki M, Morita T, Yoshimi Y. Two Types of Cross-Coupling Reactions between Electron-Rich and Electron-Deficient Alkenes Assisted by Nucleophilic Addition Using an Organic Photoredox Catalyst. J Org Chem 2018; 83:13625-13635. [PMID: 30176147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two types of photoreactions between electronically differentiated donor and acceptor alkenes assisted by nucleophilic addition using an organic photoredox catalyst efficiently afforded 1:1 or 2:1 cross-coupling adducts. A variety of alkenes and alcohols were employed in the photoreaction. Control of the reaction pathway (i.e., the formation of the 1:1 or 2:1 adduct) was achieved by varying the concentration of the alcohol used. Detailed mechanistic studies suggested that the organic photoredox catalyst acts as an effective electron mediator to promote the formation of the cross-coupling adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , University of Fukui , 3-9-1 Bunkyo , Fukui 910-8507 , Japan
| | - Suzuka Kubosaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , University of Fukui , 3-9-1 Bunkyo , Fukui 910-8507 , Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Osaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , University of Fukui , 3-9-1 Bunkyo , Fukui 910-8507 , Japan
| | - Mugen Yamawaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , University of Fukui , 3-9-1 Bunkyo , Fukui 910-8507 , Japan
| | - Toshio Morita
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , University of Fukui , 3-9-1 Bunkyo , Fukui 910-8507 , Japan
| | - Yasuharu Yoshimi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , University of Fukui , 3-9-1 Bunkyo , Fukui 910-8507 , Japan
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13
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Yamamoto T, Iwasaki T, Morita T, Yoshimi Y. Strategy for O-Alkylation of Serine and Threonine from Serinyl and Threoninyl Acetic Acids by Photoinduced Decarboxylative Radical Reactions: Connection between Serine/Threonine and Carbohydrates/Amino Acids at the Side Chain. J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoya Iwasaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Toshio Morita
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Yoshimi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
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14
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Malins LR. Decarboxylative couplings as versatile tools for late-stage peptide modifications. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara R. Malins
- Research School of Chemistry; Australian National University; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
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15
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Iwata Y, Tanaka Y, Kubosaki S, Morita T, Yoshimi Y. A strategy for generating aryl radicals from arylborates through organic photoredox catalysis: photo-Meerwein type arylation of electron-deficient alkenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1257-1260. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09140k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Generation of a variety of aryl radicals from arylboronic acids through metal-free photoredox catalysis under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Iwata
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui 910-8507
- Japan
| | - Y. Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui 910-8507
- Japan
| | - S. Kubosaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui 910-8507
- Japan
| | - T. Morita
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui 910-8507
- Japan
| | - Y. Yoshimi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Engineering
- University of Fukui
- Fukui 910-8507
- Japan
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16
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Liao W, Ni X. Photocatalytic decarboxylation of diacids for the initiation of free radical polymerization. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:1211-1219. [PMID: 28678292 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00013h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photopolymerization, which is one of the most attractive polymerization methods, has been recently studied for the development of new photoinitiators. Herein, we use a binary mixture of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and carboxylic diacid as a novel photoinitiator to initiate the free radical polymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc). The polymerization of VAc is achieved both in aqueous medium and bulk. The initiation mechanism of TiO2/diacids is studied via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy using 13C labeled diacids as probing molecules. Further, a universal reaction mechanism is established, where the polymerization of VAc is initiated by the HOOC-R˙ radical, which is generated from the photocatalytic decarboxylation of the diacid. The polymerization kinetics results indicate that the polymerization rate is strongly dependant on the diacid structure. Compared to the use of diacids with an odd number of carbons, it is found that using diacids with an even number of carbons results in the polymerization rate reaching the maximum value faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymer, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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