1
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Manohar N, Riggleman RA, Lee D, Stebe KJ. Nonmonotonic polymer translocation kinetics through nanopores under changing surface-polymer interactions. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:084908. [PMID: 38421070 DOI: 10.1063/5.0189057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of polymers in confined environments is pivotal for diverse applications ranging from polymer upcycling to bioseparations. In this study, we develop an entropic barrier model using self-consistent field theory that considers the effect of attractive surface interactions, solvation, and confinement on polymer kinetics. In this model, we consider the translocation of a polymer from one cavity into a second cavity through a single-segment-width nanopore. We find that, for a polymer in a good solvent (i.e., excluded volume, u0 > 0), there is a nonmonotonic dependence of mean translocation time (τ) on surface interaction strength, ɛ. At low ɛ, excluded volume interactions lead to an energetic penalty and longer translocation times. As ɛ increases, the surface interactions counteract the energetic penalty imposed by excluded volume and the polymer translocates faster through the nanopore. However, as ɛ continues to increase, an adsorption transition occurs, which leads to significantly slower kinetics due to the penalty of desorption from the first cavity. The ɛ at which this adsorption transition occurs is a function of the excluded volume, with higher u0 leading to an adsorption transition at higher ɛ. Finally, we consider the effect of translocation across different size cavities. We find that the kinetics for translocation into a smaller cavity speeds up while translocation to a larger cavity slows down with increasing ɛ due to higher surface contact under stronger confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Manohar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Robert A Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Kathleen J Stebe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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2
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Kim BQ, Füredi M, Venkatesh RB, Guldin S, Lee D. Water-Induced Separation of Polymers from High Nanoparticle-Content Nanocomposite Films. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302676. [PMID: 37263985 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites with high loadings of nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit exceptional mechanical and transport properties. Separation of polymers and NPs from such nanocomposites is a critical step in enabling the recycling of these components and reducing the potential environmental hazards that can be caused by the accumulation of nanocomposite wastes in landfills. However, the separation typically requires the use of organic solvents or energy-intensive processes. Using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-infiltrated SiO2 NP films, we demonstrate that the polymers can be separated from the SiO2 NP packings when these nanocomposites are exposed to high humidity and water. The findings indicate that the charge state of the NPs plays a significant role in the propensity of water to undergo capillary condensation within the PDMS-filled interstitial pores. We also show that the size of NPs has a crucial impact on the kinetics and extent of PDMS expulsion, illustrating the importance of capillary forces in inducing PDMS expulsion. We demonstrate that the separated polymer can be collected and reused to produce a new nanocomposite film. The work provides insightful guidelines on how to design and fabricate end-of-life recyclable high-performance nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baekmin Q Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Máté Füredi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - R Bharath Venkatesh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Stefan Guldin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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3
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Afrasiabian N, Balasubramanian V, Denniston C. Dispersion and orientation patterns in nanorod-infused polymer melts. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:054902. [PMID: 36754792 DOI: 10.1063/5.0122174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introducing nanorods into a polymeric matrix can enhance the physical and mechanical properties of the resulting material. In this paper, we focus on understanding the dispersion and orientation patterns of nanorods in an unentangled polymer melt, particularly as a function of nanorod concentration, using molecular dynamics simulations. The system is comprised of flexible polymer chains and multi-thread nanorods that are equilibrated in the NPT ensemble. All interactions are purely repulsive except for those between polymers and rods. Results with attractive vs repulsive polymer-rod interactions are compared and contrasted. The concentration of rods has a direct impact on the phase behavior of the system. At lower concentrations, rods phase separate into nematic clusters, whereas at higher concentrations more isotropic and less structured rod configurations are observed. A detailed examination of the conformation of the polymer chains near the rod surface shows extension of the chains along the director of the rods (especially within clusters). The dispersion and orientation of the nanorods are a result of the competition between depletion entropic forces responsible for the formation of rod clusters, the enthalpic effects that improve mixing of rods and polymer, and entropic losses of polymers interpenetrating rod clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Afrasiabian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7
| | - Venkat Balasubramanian
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Colin Denniston
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7
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4
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Venkatesh RB, Lee D. Conflicting Effects of Extreme Nanoconfinement on the Translational and Segmental Motion of Entangled Polymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Bharath Venkatesh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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5
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Qiang Y, Pande SS, Lee D, Turner KT. The Interplay of Polymer Bridging and Entanglement in Toughening Polymer-Infiltrated Nanoparticle Films. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6372-6381. [PMID: 35380037 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-nanoparticle composite films (PNCFs) with high loadings of nanoparticles (NPs) (>50 vol %) have applications in multiple areas, and an understanding of their mechanical properties is essential for their broader use. The high-volume fraction and small size of the NPs lead to physical confinement of the polymers that can drastically change the properties of polymers relative to the bulk. We investigate the fracture behavior of a class of highly loaded PNCFs prepared by polymer infiltration into NP packings. These polymer-infiltrated nanoparticle films (PINFs) have applications as multifunctional coatings and membranes and provide a platform to understand the behavior of polymers that are highly confined. Here, the extent of confinement in PINFs is tuned from 0.1 to 44 and the fracture toughness of PINFs is increased by up to a factor of 12 by varying the molecular weight of the polymers over 3 orders of magnitude and using NPs with diameters ranging from 9 to 100 nm. The results show that brittle, low molecular weight (MW) polymers can significantly toughen NP packings, and this toughening effect becomes less pronounced with increasing NP size. In contrast, high MW polymers capable of forming interchain entanglements are more effective in toughening large NP packings. We propose that confinement has competing effects of polymer bridging increasing toughness and chain disentanglement decreasing toughness. These findings provide insight into the fracture behavior of confined polymers and will guide the development of mechanically robust PINFs as well as other highly loaded PNCFs.
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6
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Swain A, Das A N, Chandran S, Basu JK. Kinetics of high density functional polymer nanocomposite formation by tuning enthalpic and entropic barriers. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:1005-1012. [PMID: 35018946 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01681d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High density functional polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) with high degree of dispersion have recently emerged as novel materials for various thermo-mechanical, optical and electrical applications. The key challenge is to attain a high loading while maintaining reasonable dispersion to attain maximum possible benefits from the functional nanoparticle additives. Here, we report a facile method to prepare polymer grafted nanoparticle (PGNP)-based high density functional polymer nanocomposites using thermal activation of a high density PGNP monolayer to overcome entropic or enthalpic barriers to insertion of PGNPs into the underlying polymer films. We monitor the temperature-dependent kinetics of penetration of a high density PGNP layer and correlate the penetration time to the effective enthalpic/entropic barriers. The experimental results are corroborated by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. Repeated application of the methodology to insert nanoparticles by appropriate control over temperature, time and graft-chain properties can lead to enhanced densities of loading in the PNC. Our method can be engineered to produce a wide range of high density polymer nanocomposite membranes for various possible applications including gas separation and water desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Swain
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Nimmi Das A
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sivasurender Chandran
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - J K Basu
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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7
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Moghimikheirabadi A, Kröger M, Karatrantos AV. Insights from modeling into structure, entanglements, and dynamics in attractive polymer nanocomposites. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:6362-6373. [PMID: 34128028 PMCID: PMC8262555 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00683e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Conformations, entanglements and dynamics in attractive polymer nanocomposites are investigated in this work by means of coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation, for both weak and strong confinements, in the presence of nanoparticles (NPs) at NP volume fractions φ up to 60%. We show that the behavior of the apparent tube diameter dapp in such nanocomposites can be greatly different from nanocomposites with nonattractive interactions. We find that this effect originates, based on a mean field argument, from the geometric confinement length dgeo at strong confinement (large φ) and not from the bound polymer layer on NPs (interparticle distance ID <2Rg) as proposed recently based on experimental measurements. Close to the NP surface, the entangled polymer mobility is reduced in attractive nanocomposites but still faster than the NP mobility for volume fractions beyond 20%. Furthermore, entangled polymer dynamics is hindered dramatically by the strong confinement created by NPs. For the first time using simulations, we show that the entangled polymer conformation, characterized by the polymer radius of gyration Rg and form factor, remains basically unperturbed by the presence of NPs up to the highest volume fractions studied, in agreement with various experiments on attractive nanocomposites. As a side-result we demonstrate that the loose concept of ID can be made a microscopically well defined quantity using the mean pore size of the NP arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Moghimikheirabadi
- Department of Materials, Polymer Physics, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Kröger
- Department of Materials, Polymer Physics, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Argyrios V Karatrantos
- Materials Research and Technology, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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8
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Lin EY, Frischknecht AL, Riggleman RA. Chain and Segmental Dynamics in Polymer–Nanoparticle Composites with High Nanoparticle Loading. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Y. Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Amalie L. Frischknecht
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Robert A. Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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9
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Venkatesh RB, Manohar N, Qiang Y, Wang H, Tran HH, Kim BQ, Neuman A, Ren T, Fakhraai Z, Riggleman RA, Stebe KJ, Turner K, Lee D. Polymer-Infiltrated Nanoparticle Films Using Capillarity-Based Techniques: Toward Multifunctional Coatings and Membranes. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2021; 12:411-437. [PMID: 34097843 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101220-093836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-infiltrated nanoparticle films (PINFs) are a new class of nanocomposites that offer synergistic properties and functionality derived from unusually high fractions of nanomaterials. Recently, two versatile techniques,capillary rise infiltration (CaRI) and solvent-driven infiltration of polymer (SIP), have been introduced that exploit capillary forces in films of densely packed nanoparticles. In CaRI, a highly loaded PINF is produced by thermally induced wicking of polymer melt into the nanoparticle packing pores. In SIP, exposure of a polymer-nanoparticle bilayer to solvent vapor atmosphere induces capillary condensation of solvent in the pores of nanoparticle packing, leading to infiltration of polymer into the solvent-filled pores. CaRI/SIP PINFs show superior properties compared with polymer nanocomposite films made using traditional methods, including superb mechanical properties, thermal stability, heat transfer, and optical properties. This review discusses fundamental aspects of the infiltration process and highlights potential applications in separations, structural coatings, and polymer upcycling-a process to convert polymer wastes into useful chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bharath Venkatesh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; , , , , , ,
| | - Neha Manohar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; , , , , , ,
| | - Yiwei Qiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - Haonan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; ,
| | - Hong Huy Tran
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; , , , , , , .,Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering, Université Grenoble Alpes), LMGP, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Baekmin Q Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; , , , , , , .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Anastasia Neuman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; , , , , , ,
| | - Tian Ren
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; , , , , , ,
| | - Zahra Fakhraai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; ,
| | - Robert A Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; , , , , , ,
| | - Kathleen J Stebe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; , , , , , ,
| | - Kevin Turner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; , , , , , ,
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10
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Qiang Y, Turner KT, Lee D. Polymer-infiltrated nanoplatelet films with nacre-like structure via flow coating and capillary rise infiltration (CaRI). NANOSCALE 2021; 13:5545-5556. [PMID: 33688884 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08691f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alignment of highly anisotropic nanomaterials in a polymer matrix can yield nanocomposites with unique mechanical and transport properties. Conventional methods of nanocomposite film fabrication are not well-suited for manufacturing composites with very high concentrations of anisotropic nanomaterials, potentially limiting the widespread implementation of these useful structures. In this work, we present a scalable approach to fabricate polymer-infiltrated nanoplatelet films (PINFs) based on flow coating and capillary rise infiltration (CaRI) and study the processing-structure-property relationship of these PINFs. We show that films with high aspect ratio (AR) gibbsite (Al (OH)3) nanoplatelets (NPTs) aligned parallel to the substrate can be prepared using a flow coating process. NPTs are highly aligned with a Herman's order parameter of 0.96 and a high packing fraction >80 vol%. Such packings show significantly higher fracture toughness compared to low AR nanoparticle (NP) packings. By depositing NPTs on a polymer film and subsequently annealing the bilayer above the glass transition temperature of the polymer, polymer infiltrates into the tortuous NPT packings though capillarity. We observe larger enhancement in the modulus, hardness and scratch resistance of NPT films upon polymer infiltration compared to NP packings. The excellent mechanical properties of such films benefit from both thermally promoted oxide bridge formation between NPTs as well as polymer infiltration increasing the strength of NPT contacts. Our approach is widely applicable to highly anisotropic nanomaterials and allows the generation of mechanically robust polymer nanocomposite films for a diverse set of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Qiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
| | - Kevin T Turner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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11
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Hoffmann R, Strodtmann L, Thiel K, Sloboda L, Urbaniak T, Hubley AN, Hartwig A. Highly porous nanocoatings tailored for inverse nanoparticle‐polymer composites. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ron Hoffmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM) Bremen Germany
- Department 2 Biology/Chemistry University of Bremen Bremen Germany
| | - Laura Strodtmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM) Bremen Germany
- Faculty of Engineering Institute for Materials Science Kiel University Kiel Germany
| | - Karsten Thiel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM) Bremen Germany
| | - Laura Sloboda
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM) Bremen Germany
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Tobias Urbaniak
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM) Bremen Germany
| | - Austin N. Hubley
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM) Bremen Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Andreas Hartwig
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM) Bremen Germany
- Department 2 Biology/Chemistry University of Bremen Bremen Germany
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12
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Kim BQ, Qiang Y, Turner KT, Choi SQ, Lee D. Heterostructured Polymer‐Infiltrated Nanoparticle Films with Cavities via Capillary Rise Infiltration. ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES 2021; 8:2001421. [DOI: 10.1002/admi.202001421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baekmin Q. Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KINC Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Yiwei Qiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Kevin T. Turner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Siyoung Q. Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KINC Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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13
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Manohar N, Stebe KJ, Lee D. Effect of Confinement on Solvent-Driven Infiltration of the Polymer into Nanoparticle Packings. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Manohar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kathleen J. Stebe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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14
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Lin EY, Frischknecht AL, Riggleman RA. Origin of Mechanical Enhancement in Polymer Nanoparticle (NP) Composites with Ultrahigh NP Loading. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Y. Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Amalie L. Frischknecht
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Robert A. Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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15
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Tran HH, Venkatesh RB, Kim Y, Lee D, Riassetto D. Multifunctional composite films with vertically aligned ZnO nanowires by leaching-enabled capillary rise infiltration. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:22099-22107. [PMID: 31720653 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07183k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposite films (NCFs) with vertically aligned nanowires (NWs) provide several useful properties owing to their unique morphology. One of the key challenges in producing such an NCF is retaining the vertical alignment of NWs during NCF fabrication. Although current methods such as layer-by-layer assembly and solution-based processes with field-induced alignment of NWs have been successfully demonstrated, these approaches require multiple steps thus are time-consuming, and only suitable for lab-scale production, consequently limiting their widespread applicability. Herein, we describe a new method for fabricating an NCF with vertically aligned ZnO NWs by inducing leaching-enabled capillary rise infiltration (LeCaRI) of uncross-linked and mobile oligomer chains from a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) slab into the space between the vertically aligned ZnO NWs. PDMS-infiltrated ZnO NW NCFs have a suite of useful properties including superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning, solvent resistance, and anti-icing properties as well as high transparency and anti-reflection properties. The NCF can easily recover its superhydrophobicity after it has been compromised through repeated plasma treatments or even exposure to intense UV irradiation. Moreover, our approach represents a straightforward, efficient, and potentially scalable strategy to produce multifunctional NCFs with vertically aligned NW arrays which could be easily extended to other types of materials and NW arrangements toward a wide range of properties and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Huy Tran
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LMGP, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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16
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Zhou T, Ioannidou K, Masoero E, Mirzadeh M, Pellenq RJM, Bazant MZ. Capillary Stress and Structural Relaxation in Moist Granular Materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:4397-4402. [PMID: 30798608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A numerical and theoretical framework to address the poromechanical effect of capillary stress in complex mesoporous materials is proposed and exemplified for water sorption in cement. We first predict the capillary condensation/evaporation isotherm using lattice-gas simulations in a realistic nanogranular cement model. A phase-field model to calculate moisture-induced capillary stress is then introduced and applied to cement at different water contents. We show that capillary stress is an effective mechanism for eigenstress relaxation in granular heterogeneous porous media, which contributes to the durability of cement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Enrico Masoero
- School of Engineering , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , U.K
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17
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Jiang Y, Hor JL, Lee D, Turner KT. Toughening Nanoparticle Films via Polymer Infiltration and Confinement. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:44011-44017. [PMID: 30520630 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Disordered nanoparticle films have significant technological applications as coatings and membranes. Unfortunately, their use to date has been limited by poor mechanical properties, notably low fracture toughness, which often results in brittle failure and cracking. We demonstrate that the fracture toughness of TiO2 nanoparticle films can be increased by nearly an order of magnitude through infiltration of polystyrene into the film. The fracture properties of films with various polymer volume fractions were characterized via nanoindentation pillar-splitting tests. Significant toughening is observed even at low volume fractions of polymer, which allows the nanoparticle packing to be toughened while retaining porosity. Moreover, higher-molecular-weight polymers lead to greater toughening at low polymer volume fractions. The toughness enhancement observed in polymer-infiltrated nanoparticle films may be attributed to multiple factors, including an increase in the area and strength of interparticle contacts, deflection and blunting of cracks during failure, and confinement-induced polymer bridging of nanoparticles. Our findings demonstrate that polymer infiltration is a highly effective route for reinforcing nanoparticle packings while retaining porosity.
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18
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Hor JL, Wang H, Fakhraai Z, Lee D. Effect of Physical Nanoconfinement on the Viscosity of Unentangled Polymers during Capillary Rise Infiltration. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Hor JL, Wang H, Fakhraai Z, Lee D. Effects of polymer-nanoparticle interactions on the viscosity of unentangled polymers under extreme nanoconfinement during capillary rise infiltration. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:2438-2446. [PMID: 29442118 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02465g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We explore the effect of confinement and polymer-nanoparticle interactions on the viscosity of unentangled polymers undergoing capillary rise infiltration (CaRI) in dense packings of nanoparticles. In CaRI, a polymer is thermally induced to wick into the dense packings of nanoparticles, leading to the formation of polymer-infiltrated nanoparticle films, a new class of thin film nanocomposites with extremely high concentrations of nanoparticles. To understand the effect of this extreme nanoconfinement, as well as polymer-nanoparticle interactions on the polymer viscosity in CaRI films, we use two polymers that are known to have very different interactions with SiO2 nanoparticles. Using in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry, we monitor the polymer infiltration process, from which we infer the polymer viscosity based on the Lucas-Washburn model. Our results suggest that physical confinement increases the viscosity by approximately two orders of magnitude. Furthermore, confinement also increases the glass transition temperature of both polymers. Thus, under extreme nanoconfinement, the physical confinement has a more significant impact than the polymer-nanoparticle interactions on the viscosity of unentangled polymers, measured through infiltration dynamics, as well as the glass transition temperature. These findings will provide fundamental frameworks for designing processes to enable the fabrication of CaRI nanocomposite films with a wide range of nanoparticles and polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyo Lyn Hor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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