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Gowda A, Pathak SK, Rohaley GAR, Acharjee G, Oprandi A, Williams R, Prévôt ME, Hegmann T. Organic chiral nano- and microfilaments: types, formation, and template applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:316-340. [PMID: 37921354 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01390a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic chiral nanofilaments are part of an important class of nanoscale chiral materials that has recently been receiving significant attention largely due to their potential use in applications such as optics, photonics, metameterials, and potentially a range of medical as well as sensing applications. This review will focus on key examples of the formation of such nano- and micro-filaments based on carbon nanofibers, polymers, synthetic oligo- and polypeptides, self-assembled organic molecules, and one prominent class of liquid crystals. The most critical aspects discussed here are the underlying driving forces for chiral filament formation, potentially answering why specific sizes and shapes are formed, what molecular design strategies are working equally well or rather differently among these materials classes, and what uses and applications are driving research in this fascinating field of materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwathanarayana Gowda
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
| | - Suraj Kumar Pathak
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
| | - Grace A R Rohaley
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
- Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Gourab Acharjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Andrea Oprandi
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
- Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Ryan Williams
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
- Materials Science Graduate Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Marianne E Prévôt
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Torsten Hegmann
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
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Kang JS, Kim N, Kim T, Seo M, Kim BS. Circularly Polarized Light-Driven Supramolecular Chirality. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100649. [PMID: 34708479 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction of asymmetry into a supramolecular system via external chiral stimuli can contribute to the understanding of the intriguing homochirality found in nature. Circularly polarized light (CPL) is regarded as a chiral physical force with right- or left-handedness. It can induce and modulate supramolecular chirality due to preferential interaction with one enantiomer. Herein, this review focuses on the photon-to-matter chirality transfer mechanisms at the supramolecular level. Thus, asymmetric photochemical reactions are reviewed, and the creation of a chiral bias upon CPL irradiation is discussed. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms for the amplification and propagation of the bias into the supramolecular level are outlined based on the nature of the photochromic building block. Representative examples, including azobenzene derivatives, polydiacetylene, bicyclic ketone, polyfluorenes, Cn -symmetric molecules, and inorganic nanomaterials, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Su Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Namhee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungeun Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Su Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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3
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Enzymatic Synthesis of Chiral Polyamide via Condensation of Natural Source Amino Acid Diesters and Diamine. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hevilla V, Sonseca A, Echeverría C, Muñoz-Bonilla A, Fernández-García M. Enzymatic Synthesis of Polyesters and Their Bioapplications: Recent Advances and Perspectives. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100156. [PMID: 34231313 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the most important advances in the enzymatic synthesis of polyesters. In first place, the different processes of polyester enzymatic synthesis, i.e., polycondensation, ring opening, and chemoenzymatic polymerizations, and the key parameters affecting these reactions, such as enzyme, concentration, solvent, or temperature, are analyzed. Then, the latest articles on the preparation of polyesters either by direct synthesis or via modification are commented. Finally, the main bioapplications of enzymatically obtained polyesters, i.e., antimicrobial, drug delivery, or tissue engineering, are described. It is intended to point out the great advantages that enzymatic polymerization present to obtain polymers and the disadvantages found to develop applied materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Hevilla
- MacroEng Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain.,Interdisciplinary Platform for "Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy" (SUSPLAST-CSIC), Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Agueda Sonseca
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Coro Echeverría
- MacroEng Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain.,Interdisciplinary Platform for "Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy" (SUSPLAST-CSIC), Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla
- MacroEng Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain.,Interdisciplinary Platform for "Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy" (SUSPLAST-CSIC), Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-García
- MacroEng Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain.,Interdisciplinary Platform for "Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy" (SUSPLAST-CSIC), Madrid, 28006, Spain
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Zhang Y, Xia B, Li Y, Lin X, Wu Q. Substrate Engineering in Lipase-Catalyzed Selective Polymerization of d-/l-Aspartates and Diols to Prepare Helical Chiral Polyester. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:918-926. [PMID: 33427463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of optically pure polymers is one of the most challenging tasks in polymer chemistry. Herein, Novozym 435 (Lipase B from Candida antarctica, immobilized on Lewatit VP OC 1600)-catalyzed polycondensation between d-/l-aspartic acid (Asp) diester and diols for the preparation of helical chiral polyesters was reported. Compared with d-Asp diesters, the fast-reacting l-Asp diesters easily reacted with diols to provide a series of chiral polyesters containing N-substitutional l-Asp repeating units. Besides amino acid configuration, N-substituent side chains and the chain length of diols were also investigated and optimized. It was found that bulky acyl N-substitutional groups like N-Boc and N-Cbz were more favorable for this polymerization than small ones probably due to competitively binding of these small acyl groups into the active site of Novozym 435. The highest molecular weight can reach up to 39.5 × 103 g/mol (Mw, Đ = 1.64). Moreover, the slow-reacting d-Asp diesters were also successfully polymerized by modifying the substrate structure to create a "nonchiral" condensation environment artificially. These enantiocomplementary chiral polyesters are thermally stable and have specific helical structures, which was confirmed by circular dichroism (CD) spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and molecular calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Xia
- Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianfu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
This review surveys recent progress towards robust chiral nanostructure fabrication techniques using synthetic helical polymers, the unique inferred properties that these materials possess, and their intricate connection to natural, biological chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James F. Reuther
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Massachusetts Lowell
- Lowell
- USA
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Shin JJ, Kim EJ, Ku KH, Lee YJ, Hawker CJ, Kim BJ. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Block Copolymer Particles: Tuning Shape, Interfaces, and Morphology. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:306-317. [PMID: 35648552 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Confined assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) is receiving increasing attention due to the ability to create unconventional morphologies that cannot be observed in the corresponding bulk systems. This effect is further driven by the simplicity and versatility of these procedures for controlling the shape of particles prepared by 3D soft confinement of BCPs in emulsions. By taking advantage of a mobile emulsion interface, the one-step formation of nonspherical BCP particles through spontaneous deformation is possible with design principles and theoretical models for controlling shape/nanostructure now being established. This Viewpoint highlights strategies for shape tuning of BCP particles, currently accessible shapes, their controllability, and potential application. The emergence of 3D soft confinement of BCPs and related theory is overviewed with a focus on current strategies, types of nonspherical shapes achieved, and structure-property relationships for nonspherical BCP particles. Finally, the applications and future perspectives for these materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeman J. Shin
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California−Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | | | | | | | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California−Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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