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Clarke TB, Krushinski LE, Vannoy KJ, Colón-Quintana G, Roy K, Rana A, Renault C, Hill ML, Dick JE. Single Entity Electrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 39018111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Making a measurement over millions of nanoparticles or exposed crystal facets seldom reports on reactivity of a single nanoparticle or facet, which may depart drastically from ensemble measurements. Within the past 30 years, science has moved toward studying the reactivity of single atoms, molecules, and nanoparticles, one at a time. This shift has been fueled by the realization that everything changes at the nanoscale, especially important industrially relevant properties like those important to electrocatalysis. Studying single nanoscale entities, however, is not trivial and has required the development of new measurement tools. This review explores a tale of the clever use of old and new measurement tools to study electrocatalysis at the single entity level. We explore in detail the complex interrelationship between measurement method, electrocatalytic material, and reaction of interest (e.g., carbon dioxide reduction, oxygen reduction, hydrazine oxidation, etc.). We end with our perspective on the future of single entity electrocatalysis with a key focus on what types of measurements present the greatest opportunity for fundamental discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lynn E Krushinski
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kathryn J Vannoy
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | | | - Kingshuk Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ashutosh Rana
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Christophe Renault
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Megan L Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jeffrey E Dick
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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2
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Zhang L, Wahab OJ, Jallow AA, O’Dell ZJ, Pungsrisai T, Sridhar S, Vernon KL, Willets KA, Baker LA. Recent Developments in Single-Entity Electrochemistry. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8036-8055. [PMID: 38727715 PMCID: PMC11112546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - O. J. Wahab
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - A. A. Jallow
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Z. J. O’Dell
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - T. Pungsrisai
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - S. Sridhar
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - K. L. Vernon
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - K. A. Willets
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - L. A. Baker
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
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3
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Li X, Fu YH, Wei N, Yu RJ, Bhatti H, Zhang L, Yan F, Xia F, Ewing AG, Long YT, Ying YL. Emerging Data Processing Methods for Single-Entity Electrochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316551. [PMID: 38411372 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Single-entity electrochemistry is a powerful tool that enables the study of electrochemical processes at interfaces and provides insights into the intrinsic chemical and structural heterogeneities of individual entities. Signal processing is a critical aspect of single-entity electrochemical measurements and can be used for data recognition, classification, and interpretation. In this review, we summarize the recent five-year advances in signal processing techniques for single-entity electrochemistry and highlight their importance in obtaining high-quality data and extracting effective features from electrochemical signals, which are generally applicable in single-entity electrochemistry. Moreover, we shed light on electrochemical noise analysis to obtain single-molecule frequency fingerprint spectra that can provide rich information about the ion networks at the interface. By incorporating advanced data analysis tools and artificial intelligence algorithms, single-entity electrochemical measurements would revolutionize the field of single-entity analysis, leading to new fundamental discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Huan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Nannan Wei
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ru-Jia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Huma Bhatti
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Limin Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 430034, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Lun Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
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4
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Wei X, Penkauskas T, Reiner JE, Kennard C, Uline MJ, Wang Q, Li S, Aksimentiev A, Robertson JW, Liu C. Engineering Biological Nanopore Approaches toward Protein Sequencing. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16369-16395. [PMID: 37490313 PMCID: PMC10676712 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Biotechnological innovations have vastly improved the capacity to perform large-scale protein studies, while the methods we have for identifying and quantifying individual proteins are still inadequate to perform protein sequencing at the single-molecule level. Nanopore-inspired systems devoted to understanding how single molecules behave have been extensively developed for applications in genome sequencing. These nanopore systems are emerging as prominent tools for protein identification, detection, and analysis, suggesting realistic prospects for novel protein sequencing. This review summarizes recent advances in biological nanopore sensors toward protein sequencing, from the identification of individual amino acids to the controlled translocation of peptides and proteins, with attention focused on device and algorithm development and the delineation of molecular mechanisms with the aid of simulations. Specifically, the review aims to offer recommendations for the advancement of nanopore-based protein sequencing from an engineering perspective, highlighting the need for collaborative efforts across multiple disciplines. These efforts should include chemical conjugation, protein engineering, molecular simulation, machine-learning-assisted identification, and electronic device fabrication to enable practical implementation in real-world scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wei
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Tadas Penkauskas
- Biophysics and Biomedical Measurement Group, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States
| | - Joseph E. Reiner
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
| | - Celeste Kennard
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Mark J. Uline
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Sheng Li
- School of Data Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
| | - Aleksei Aksimentiev
- Department of Physics and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Joseph W.F. Robertson
- Biophysics and Biomedical Measurement Group, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
| | - Chang Liu
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
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5
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Chen M, Lu SM, Wang HW, Long YT. Monitoring Photoinduced Interparticle Chemical Communication In Situ. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215631. [PMID: 36637164 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring interparticle chemical communication plays a critical role in the nanomaterial synthesis as this communication controls the final structure and stability of global nanoparticles (NPs). Yet most ensemble analytical techniques, which could only reveal average macroscopic information, are unable to elucidate NP-to-NP interactions. Herein, we employ stochastic collision electrochemistry to track the morphology transformation of Ag NPs in photochemical process at the single NP level. By further statistical analysis of time-resolved current transients, we quantitatively determine the dynamic chemical potential difference and interparticle communication between populations of large and small Ag NPs. The high sensitivity of stochastic collision electrochemistry enables the in situ investigation of chemical communication-dependent transformation kinetics of NPs in photochemical process, shedding light on designing nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Si-Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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6
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Glasscott MW, Brown EW, Dorsey K, Laber CH, Conley K, Ray JD, Moores LC, Netchaev A. Selecting an Optimal Faraday Cage To Minimize Noise in Electrochemical Experiments. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11983-11989. [PMID: 35994314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous Faraday cage, an experimental component particularly essential for nanoelectrochemical measurements, is responsible for neutralizing noise introduced by electromagnetic interference (EMI). Faraday cage designs abound in the literature, often exhibiting varying thicknesses, mesh sizes, and base materials. The fact that the Faraday cage composition most often goes unreported underscores the fact that many electrochemical researchers assume a 100% EMI reduction for any given design. In this work, this assumption is challenged from a theoretical and empirical perspective by highlighting the physical principles producing the Faraday effect. A brief history of the Faraday cage and a simplified theoretical approach introduce fundamental considerations regarding optimal design properties. In practice, time-domain noise profiles and corresponding Fourier transform frequency domain information for custom-built Faraday cages reveal that maximally conductive cages provide more optimal EMI exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Glasscott
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States
| | - Eric W Brown
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Information Technology Laboratory, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States
| | - Keirstin Dorsey
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States
| | - Charles H Laber
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States
| | - Keith Conley
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Information Technology Laboratory, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States
| | - Jason D Ray
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Information Technology Laboratory, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States
| | - Lee C Moores
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States
| | - Anton Netchaev
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Information Technology Laboratory, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, United States
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7
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Weiß LJK, Rinklin P, Thakur B, Music E, Url H, Kopic I, Hoven D, Banzet M, von Trotha T, Mayer D, Wolfrum B. Prototype Digital Lateral Flow Sensor Using Impact Electrochemistry in a Competitive Binding Assay. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1967-1976. [PMID: 35801574 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work demonstrates a lateral flow assay concept on the basis of stochastic-impact electrochemistry. To this end, we first elucidate requirements to employ silver nanoparticles as redox-active labels. Then, we present a prototype that utilizes nanoimpacts from biotinylated silver nanoparticles as readouts to detect free biotin in solution based on competitive binding. The detection is performed in a membrane-based microfluidic system, where free biotin and biotinylated particles compete for streptavidin immobilized on embedded latex beads. Excess nanoparticles are then registered downstream at an array of detection electrodes. In this way, we establish a proof of concept that serves as a blueprint for future "digital" lateral flow sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart J K Weiß
- Neuroelectronics - Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Philipp Rinklin
- Neuroelectronics - Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bhawana Thakur
- Neuroelectronics - Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Emir Music
- Neuroelectronics - Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Heike Url
- Neuroelectronics - Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Inola Kopic
- Neuroelectronics - Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Darius Hoven
- Neuroelectronics - Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Marko Banzet
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Tassilo von Trotha
- Neuroelectronics - Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wolfrum
- Neuroelectronics - Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
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8
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Lu SM, Li MY, Long YT. Dynamic Chemistry Interactions: Controlled Single-Entity Electrochemistry. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4653-4659. [PMID: 35604854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-entity electrochemistry (SEE) provides powerful means to measure single cells, single particles, and even single molecules at the nanoscale by diverse well-defined interfaces. The nanoconfined electrode interface has significantly enhanced structural, electrical, and compositional characteristics that have great effects on the assay limitation and selectivity of single-entity measurement. In this Perspective, after introducing the dynamic chemistry interactions of the target and electrode interface, we present a fundamental understanding of how these dynamic interactions control the features of the electrode interface and thus the stochastic and discrete electrochemical responses of single entities under nanoconfinement. Both stochastic single-entity collision electrochemistry and nanopore electrochemistry as examples in this Perspective explore how these interactions alter the transient charge transfer and mass transport. Finally, we discuss the further challenges and opportunities in SEE, from the design of sensing interfaces to hybrid spectro-electrochemical methods, theoretical models, and advanced data processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Yin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
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9
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Zhang LL, Zhong CB, Li JG, Niu HY, Ying YL, Long YT. A two-step calibration method for evaluation high bandwidth electrochemical instrument. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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