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Xiang F. Therapeutic compounds targeting interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4): an updated patent review (2019 to present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024. [PMID: 39327780 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2406825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is more than two decades since IRAK4, a promising target for therapies against various medical conditions, was first reported, but no compounds targeting this enzyme are active on the market or under late-stage clinical development. So it is necessary to continue exploring new and/or improved chemotypes for IRAK4-targeting compounds, to which updated patent reviews are supposed to be of considerable contribution. AREAS COVERED PCT patents claiming IRAK4-targeting compounds and published through 2019 to present were retrieved, screened and reviewed for the title compounds disclosed therein, where chemotype-specific strategies were adopted for the said reviewing process. Included patents featuring non-Protac compounds were described in terms of generic formulas and variable-indicated moieties of the title compounds, as well as selected title compounds and relevant prior documents. Included patents featuring Protac-based compounds were described in terms of general examples of IRAK-binding moieties and ligase-binding moieties, as well as the presence of conventional linker types. Insights were finally extracted from the patent review. EXPERT OPINION The last five years has seen a steady increase in the number of PCT patents claiming IRAK4-targeting therapeutic compounds, with some of them being based on new chemotypes and/or discovered by new organizations as potential new players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiang
- Zhongshan Wanhan Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd
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2
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Bai YR, Yang WG, Hou XH, Shen DD, Zhang SN, Li Y, Qiao YY, Wang SQ, Yuan S, Liu HM. The recent advance of Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 inhibitors for the treatment of inflammation and related diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115606. [PMID: 37402343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4) is a member of serine-threonine kinase family, which plays an important role in the regulation of interleukin-1 receptors (IL-1R) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) related signaling pathways. At present, the IRAK-4 mediated inflammation and related signaling pathways contribute to inflammation, which are also responsible for other autoimmune diseases and drug resistance in cancers. Therefore, targeting IRAK-4 to develop single-target, multi-target inhibitors and proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) degraders is an important direction for the treatment of inflammation and related diseases. Moreover, insight into the mechanism of action and structural optimization of the reported IRAK-4 inhibitors will provide the new direction to enrich the clinical therapies for inflammation and related diseases. In this comprehensive review, we introduced the recent advance of IRAK-4 inhibitors and degraders with regards to structural optimization, mechanism of action and clinical application that would be helpful for the development of more potent chemical entities against IRAK-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ru Bai
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wei-Guang Yang
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Xue-Hui Hou
- Faculty of Science, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Dan-Dan Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Endometrial Disease Prevention and Treatment Zhengzhou China, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Zhang
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Yan Li
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Yan-Yan Qiao
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Sai-Qi Wang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Engineering Research Center of Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Inami H, Mizutani T, Watanabe J, Hayashida H, Ito T, Terasawa T, Kontani T, Yamagishi H, Usuda H, Aoyama N, Imamura E, Ishikawa T. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of N-(3-carbamoyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxamide derivatives as interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 inhibitors with reduced potential for cytochrome P450 1A2 induction. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 87:117302. [PMID: 37201454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) is a critical molecule in Toll-like receptor/interleukin-1 receptor signaling and an attractive therapeutic target for a wide range of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases as well as cancers. In our search for novel IRAK4 inhibitors, we conducted structural modification of a thiazolecarboxamide derivative 1, a lead compound derived from high-throughput screening hits, to elucidate structure-activity relationship and improve drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic (DMPK) properties. First, conversion of the thiazole ring of 1 to an oxazole ring along with introduction of a methyl group at the 2-position of the pyridine ring aimed at reducing cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibition were conducted to afford 16. Next, modification of the alkyl substituent at the 1-position of the pyrazole ring of 16 aimed at improving CYP1A2 induction properties revealed that branched alkyl and analogous substituents such as isobutyl (18) and (oxolan-3-yl)methyl (21), as well as six-membered saturated heterocyclic groups such as oxan-4-yl (2), piperidin-4-yl (24, 25), and dioxothian-4-y (26), are effective for reducing induction potential. Representative compound AS2444697 (2) exhibited potent IRAK4 inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 20 nM and favorable DMPK properties such as low risk of drug-drug interactions mediated by CYPs as well as excellent metabolic stability and oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Inami
- Astellas Pharma Inc., 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Mizutani
- Astellas Pharma Inc., 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Junko Watanabe
- Astellas Pharma Inc., 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hayashida
- Astellas Pharma Inc., 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Tomonori Ito
- Astellas Pharma Inc., 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Takeshi Terasawa
- Astellas Pharma Inc., 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Toru Kontani
- Astellas Pharma Inc., 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamagishi
- Astellas Pharma Inc., 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Usuda
- Astellas Pharma Inc., 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Naohiro Aoyama
- Astellas Pharma Inc., 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Emiko Imamura
- Astellas Pharma Inc., 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishikawa
- Astellas Pharma Inc., 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
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Chen Y, Tso K, Heckrodt TJ, Li H, Yen R, Lin N, Singh R, Taylor V, Masuda ES, Park G, Payan DG. Bicyclic pyrimidine compounds as potent IRAK4 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 73:128900. [PMID: 35863718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) plays a critical role in transduction of IL-1R/TLR signaling which is responsible for innate immune response. From HTS campaign, bicyclic-pyrimidine compounds have been identified as potent IRAK4 inhibitors, exhibiting good potency in both IRAK4 biochemical and LPS induced IL-23 inhibition cell-based assays. The SAR efforts were focused on further improving on-target potency, reducing PAD activities of HTS hit molecule and improving in vivo PK profiles of early lead compounds. When different aromatic rings were fused to the pyrimidine core, and with various substituents at 2- or 4-position of the pyrimidine, the impact on potency and PK properties were observed and are discussed. Selected compounds were further evaluated in IL-1β induced IL-6 inhibition acute animal model and rodent arthritis disease model, of which compounds 33 and 39 showed good efficacy in both studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc, 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States.
| | - Kin Tso
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc, 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Thilo J Heckrodt
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc, 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc, 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Rose Yen
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc, 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Nan Lin
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc, 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Rajinder Singh
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc, 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Vanessa Taylor
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc, 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Esteban S Masuda
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc, 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Gary Park
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc, 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Donald G Payan
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc, 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
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Chen Y, Singh R, Lin N, Taylor V, Masuda ES, Payan DG. Discovery of 5-Aryl-2,4-diaminopyrimidine Compounds as Potent and Selective IRAK4 Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:714-719. [PMID: 35450353 PMCID: PMC9014513 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IRAK4 kinase plays a key role in TLR/IL-1R signaling pathways that regulate innate immune responses, and if uncontrolled, it is responsible for various inflammatory disorders. By high-throughput screening (HTS) and hit-to-lead optimization, compounds with a 5-aryl-2,4-diaminopyrimidine core structure have been identified as potent IRAK4 inhibitors. A cocrystal structure of IRAK4 protein with an early lead molecule helped with understanding the structure-activity relationship and the design of the new compounds. Initial HTS hits from this series of compounds were also found to inhibit TAK1 kinase, which would cause liver toxicity and potentially bone marrow failure. Optimization of this series resulted in improved selectivity over TAK1 kinase. The TAK1 selectivity was found to be closely associated with different sizes and types of substituents at the 5-position of the pyrimidine. The impact of other pyrimidine substituents on the potency and selectivity was also explored. A few representative compounds were evaluated in IL-1β-induced IL-6 inhibition animal model studies and showed modest efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc., 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rajinder Singh
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc., 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nan Lin
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc., 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Vanessa Taylor
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc., 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Esteban S. Masuda
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc., 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Donald G. Payan
- Rigel Pharmaceuticals Inc., 1180 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Small molecule approaches to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases (Part I): Kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 38:127862. [PMID: 33609659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune and inflammatory diseases place a huge burden on the healthcare system. Small molecule (SM) therapeutics provide much needed complementary treatment options for these diseases. This digest series highlights the latest progress in the discovery and development of safe and efficacious SMs to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases with each part representing a class of SMs, namely: 1) protein kinases; 2) nucleic acid-sensing pathways; and 3) soluble ligands and receptors on cell surfaces. In this first part of the series, the focus is on kinase inhibitors that emerged between 2018 and 2020, and which exhibit increased target and tissue selectivity with the aim of increasing their therapeutic index.
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Xie Z, Yang X, Duan Y, Han J, Liao C. Small-Molecule Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Nononcologic Diseases. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1283-1345. [PMID: 33481605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Great successes have been achieved in developing small-molecule kinase inhibitors as anticancer therapeutic agents. However, kinase deregulation plays essential roles not only in cancer but also in almost all major disease areas. Accumulating evidence has revealed that kinases are promising drug targets for different diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, central nervous system disorders, viral infections, and malaria. Indeed, the first small-molecule kinase inhibitor for treatment of a nononcologic disease was approved in 2011 by the U.S. FDA. To date, 10 such inhibitors have been approved, and more are in clinical trials for applications other than cancer. This Perspective discusses a number of kinases and their small-molecule inhibitors for the treatment of diseases in nononcologic therapeutic fields. The opportunities and challenges in developing such inhibitors are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouling Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yajun Duan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jihong Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Chenzhong Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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