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Kofman K, Levin M. Bioelectric pharmacology of cancer: A systematic review of ion channel drugs affecting the cancer phenotype. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 191:25-39. [PMID: 38971325 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a pernicious and pressing medical problem; moreover, it is a failure of multicellular morphogenesis that sheds much light on evolutionary developmental biology. Numerous classes of pharmacological agents have been considered as cancer therapeutics and evaluated as potential carcinogenic agents; however, these are spread throughout the primary literature. Here, we briefly review recent work on ion channel drugs as promising anti-cancer treatments and present a systematic review of the known cancer-relevant effects of 109 drugs targeting ion channels. The roles of ion channels in cancer are consistent with the importance of bioelectrical parameters in cell regulation and with the functions of bioelectric signaling in morphogenetic signals that act as cancer suppressors. We find that compounds that are well-known for having targets in the nervous system, such as voltage-gated ion channels, ligand-gated ion channels, proton pumps, and gap junctions are especially relevant to cancer. Our review suggests further opportunities for the repurposing of numerous promising candidates in the field of cancer electroceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Kofman
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, USA.
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Seenadera SD, Long SA, Akee R, Bermudez G, Parsonage G, Strope J, Peer C, Figg WD, Parker KA, Beech DJ, Beutler JA. Biological Effects of Modifications of the Englerin A Glycolate. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1472-1476. [PMID: 36105325 PMCID: PMC9465829 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Modifications at the glycolate moiety of englerin A were made to explore variations at the most sensitive site on the molecule for activity in the NCI 60 screen, wherein englerin A is highly potent and selective for renal cancer cells. Replacement of the glycolate by other functionalities as well as esterification of the glycolate hydroxyl yielded compounds which displayed excellent selectivity and potency compared with the natural product. TRPC4/5 ion channel experiments with five compounds showed delayed or reduced agonism with TRPC5, at much higher concentrations than englerin A. With TRPC4, these compounds all had no effect at 10 μM. The same compounds were not detectable in mouse serum after a single oral dose of 12.5 mg/kg. At 100 mg/kg p.o., no toxicity was observed, and blood levels were barely detectable. Intravenous administration led to toxicity but at substantially lower doses than for englerin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarath
P. D. Seenadera
- Molecular
Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702 United States
| | - Sarah A. Long
- Molecular
Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702 United States
| | - Rhone Akee
- Leidos
Biomedical, FNLCR, Frederick, Maryland 21702 United States
| | - Gabriela Bermudez
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11790 United States
| | | | - Jonathan Strope
- Genitourinary
Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 United States
| | - Cody Peer
- Genitourinary
Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 United States
| | - W. Douglas Figg
- Genitourinary
Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 United States
| | - Kathlyn A. Parker
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11790 United States
| | - David J. Beech
- School
of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT U.K.
| | - John A. Beutler
- Molecular
Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702 United States
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