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He S, Lim GE. The Application of High-Throughput Approaches in Identifying Novel Therapeutic Targets and Agents to Treat Diabetes. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200151. [PMID: 36398493 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During the past decades, unprecedented progress in technologies has revolutionized traditional research methodologies. Among these, advances in high-throughput drug screening approaches have permitted the rapid identification of potential therapeutic agents from drug libraries that contain thousands or millions of molecules. Moreover, high-throughput-based therapeutic target discovery strategies can comprehensively interrogate relationships between biomolecules (e.g., gene, RNA, and protein) and diseases and significantly increase the authors' knowledge of disease mechanisms. Diabetes is a chronic disease primarily characterized by the incapacity of the body to maintain normoglycemia. The prevalence of diabetes in modern society has become a severe public health issue that threatens the well-being of millions of patients. Although a number of pharmacological treatments are available, there is no permanent cure for diabetes, and discovering novel therapeutic targets and agents continues to be an urgent need. The present review discusses the technical details of high-throughput screening approaches in drug discovery, followed by introducing the applications of such approaches to diabetes research. This review aims to provide an example of the applicability of high-throughput technologies in facilitating different aspects of disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi He
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada.,Cardiometabolic Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue St Denis, Montreal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Gareth E Lim
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada.,Cardiometabolic Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue St Denis, Montreal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada
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Bilal H, Sharif A, Malik MNH, Zubair HM. Aqueous Ethanolic Extract of Adiantum incisum Forssk. Protects against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus via Attenuation of α-Amylase and Oxidative Stress. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:37724-37735. [PMID: 36312418 PMCID: PMC9607679 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Purpose : This study was designed to investigate the antidiabetic effects of the aqueous ethanolic extract of Adiantum incisum Forssk. whole plant (AE-AI) in order to validate the folkloric claim. Methods : Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus (TII DM) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. STZ-induced diabetic rats were later treated orally with either AE-AI (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) or glibenclamide for 35 days. Blood glucose levels were measured weekly and on day 35, animals were sacrificed, and blood samples and tissues were harvested for subsequent antioxidant and histopathological analyses. AE-AI was also analyzed in vitro for phytochemical, antioxidant, and α-amylase inhibitory assays. Results : The phytochemical screening of AE-AI confirmed the presence of essential bioactive compounds like cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponins, and fixed oils. AE-AI demonstrated abundant amounts of total phenolic and flavonoid contents and displayed prominent antioxidant activity as assessed via DPPH, phosphomolybdate, and nitric oxide scavenging assays. AE-AI treatment also showed α-amylase inhibitory activity comparable to acarbose. In addition, AE-AI treatment exhibited a wide margin of safety in rats and dose-dependently reduced STZ-induced blood glucose levels. Moreover, AE-AI increased the levels of GSH, SOD, catalase, and reduced MDA, and therefore prevented pathological effects of STZ on the kidney, liver, and pancreas. The blood glucose regulatory effect and antioxidant activity of AE-AI also aided in normalizing TII DM-mediated dyslipidemias. GC-MS analysis also demonstrated several potential antidiabetic phytoconstituents in AE-AI. Conclusion : These findings reveal that AE-AI possesses certain pharmacologically active compounds that can effectively treat STZ-induced TII DM owing to its antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Sharif
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore54000, Pakistan
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Sever B, Altıntop MD, Demir Y, Pekdoğan M, Akalın Çiftçi G, Beydemir Ş, Özdemir A. An extensive research on aldose reductase inhibitory effects of new 4H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gimeno RE, Briere DA, Seeley RJ. Leveraging the Gut to Treat Metabolic Disease. Cell Metab 2020; 31:679-698. [PMID: 32187525 PMCID: PMC7184629 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
25 years ago, the future of treating obesity and diabetes focused on end organs known to be involved in energy balance and glucose regulation, including the brain, muscle, adipose tissue, and pancreas. Today, the most effective therapies are focused around the gut. This includes surgical options, such as vertical sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, that can produce sustained weight loss and diabetes remission but also extends to pharmacological treatments that simulate or amplify various signals that come from the gut. The purpose of this Review is to discuss the wealth of approaches currently under development that seek to further leverage the gut as a source of novel therapeutic opportunities with the hope that we can achieve the effects of surgical interventions with less invasive and more scalable solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Gimeno
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA
| | - Daniel A Briere
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Mohamed MAA, Abd Allah OA, Bekhit AA, Kadry AM, El‐Saghier AMM. Synthesis and antidiabetic activity of novel triazole derivatives containing amino acids. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adnan A. Bekhit
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of PharmacyAlexandria University Alexandria Egypt
- Pharmacy Program, Allied Health DepartmentCollege of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain Zallaq Bahrain
| | - Asmaa M. Kadry
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceSohag University Sohag Egypt
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Liu LZ, Ma T, Zhou J, Long Hu Z, Jun Zhang X, Zhen Zhang H, Zeng M, Liu J, Li L, Jiang Y, Zou Z, Wang F, Zhang L, Xu J, Wang J, Xiao F, Fang X, Zou H, Efanov AM, Thomas MK, Lin HV, Chen J. Discovery of LY3325656: A GPR142 agonist suitable for clinical testing in human. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126857. [PMID: 31982234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and optimization of a novel series of GPR142 agonists are described. These led to the identification of compound 21 (LY3325656), which demonstrated anti-diabetic benefits in pre-clinical studies and ADME/PK properties suitable for human dosing. Compound 21 is the first GPR142 agonist molecule advancing to phase 1 clinic trials for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zhu Liu
- Lilly China Research and Development Center (LCRDC), Eli Lilly & Company, Building 8, 338 Jia Li Lue Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Lilly China Innovation and Partnerships (LCIP), Eli Lilly & Company, 16F, Tower1 HKRI, Taikoo Hui 288 Shimenyi Road, Shanghai 200041, PR China
| | - Tianwei Ma
- Lilly China Research and Development Center (LCRDC), Eli Lilly & Company, Building 8, 338 Jia Li Lue Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jingye Zhou
- Lilly China Research and Development Center (LCRDC), Eli Lilly & Company, Building 8, 338 Jia Li Lue Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Zhi Long Hu
- Lilly China Research and Development Center (LCRDC), Eli Lilly & Company, Building 8, 338 Jia Li Lue Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xue Jun Zhang
- Lilly China Research and Development Center (LCRDC), Eli Lilly & Company, Building 8, 338 Jia Li Lue Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Hai Zhen Zhang
- Lilly China Research and Development Center (LCRDC), Eli Lilly & Company, Building 8, 338 Jia Li Lue Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Mi Zeng
- Lilly China Research and Development Center (LCRDC), Eli Lilly & Company, Building 8, 338 Jia Li Lue Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- Lilly China Research and Development Center (LCRDC), Eli Lilly & Company, Building 8, 338 Jia Li Lue Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- Lilly China Research and Development Center (LCRDC), Eli Lilly & Company, Building 8, 338 Jia Li Lue Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Lilly China Research and Development Center (LCRDC), Eli Lilly & Company, Building 8, 338 Jia Li Lue Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Zack Zou
- Lilly China Research and Development Center (LCRDC), Eli Lilly & Company, Building 8, 338 Jia Li Lue Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Fan Wang
- Lilly China Research and Development Center (LCRDC), Eli Lilly & Company, Building 8, 338 Jia Li Lue Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Lilly China Research and Development Center (LCRDC), Eli Lilly & Company, Building 8, 338 Jia Li Lue Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Lilly China Research and Development Center (LCRDC), Eli Lilly & Company, Building 8, 338 Jia Li Lue Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jingru Wang
- Lilly China Research and Development Center (LCRDC), Eli Lilly & Company, Building 8, 338 Jia Li Lue Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Lilly China Research and Development Center (LCRDC), Eli Lilly & Company, Building 8, 338 Jia Li Lue Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xiankang Fang
- Lilly China Research and Development Center (LCRDC), Eli Lilly & Company, Building 8, 338 Jia Li Lue Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Haixia Zou
- Lilly China Research and Development Center (LCRDC), Eli Lilly & Company, Building 8, 338 Jia Li Lue Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Lilly China Innovation and Partnerships (LCIP), Eli Lilly & Company, 16F, Tower1 HKRI, Taikoo Hui 288 Shimenyi Road, Shanghai 200041, PR China
| | - Alexander M Efanov
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, United States
| | - Melissa K Thomas
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, United States
| | - Hua V Lin
- Lilly China Research and Development Center (LCRDC), Eli Lilly & Company, Building 8, 338 Jia Li Lue Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jiehao Chen
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, United States.
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Hoque M, Ali S, Hoda M. Current status of G-protein coupled receptors as potential targets against type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:2237-2244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lin HV, Wang J, Wang J, Li W, Wang X, Alston JT, Thomas MK, Briere DA, Syed SK, Efanov AM. GPR142 prompts glucagon-like Peptide-1 release from islets to improve β cell function. Mol Metab 2018; 11:205-211. [PMID: 29506910 PMCID: PMC6001353 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective GPR142 agonists are being pursued as novel diabetes therapies by virtue of their insulin secretagogue effects. But it is undetermined whether GPR142's functions in pancreatic islets are limited to regulating insulin secretion. The current study expands research on its action. Methods and Results We demonstrated by in situ hybridization and immunostaining that GPR142 is expressed not only in β cells but also in a subset of α cells. Stimulation of GPR142 by a selective agonist increased glucagon secretion in both human and mouse islets. More importantly, the GPR142 agonist also potentiated glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) production and its release from islets through a mechanism that involves upregulation of prohormone convertase 1/3 expression. Strikingly, stimulation of insulin secretion and increase in insulin content via GPR142 engagement requires intact GLP-1 receptor signaling. Furthermore, GPR142 agonist increased β cell proliferation and protected both mouse and human islets against stress-induced apoptosis. Conclusions Collectively, we provide here evidence that local GLP-1 release from α cells defines GPR142's beneficial effects on improving β cell function and mass, and we propose that GPR142 agonism may have translatable and durable efficacy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. GPR142 is expressed in both α cells and β cells in pancreatic islets. Stimulation of GPR142 by a selective agonist increases glucagon secretion. GPR142 agonism promotes glucagon-like peptide-1 release from islets by upregulating prohormone convertase 1/3. Increases in insulin secretion and content via GPR142 engagement require intact GLP-1 receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua V Lin
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Jingru Wang
- Lilly China Research and Development Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Lilly China Research and Development Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiji Li
- Lilly China Research and Development Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Lilly China Research and Development Center, Shanghai, China
| | - James T Alston
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa K Thomas
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Daniel A Briere
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Samreen K Syed
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alexander M Efanov
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Mogaddam FM, Eslami M, Ayati SE. Copper (II) Ions Immobilized onto Aminoquinoline-Functionalized Ferrite: A New Efficient and Recoverable Catalyst for “in Water” Synthesis of Triazole Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Firouz Matloubi Mogaddam
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Natural Products; Sharif University of Technology; Azadi Street, PO Box 111559516 Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Eslami
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Natural Products; Sharif University of Technology; Azadi Street, PO Box 111559516 Tehran Iran
| | - Seyed Ebrahim Ayati
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Natural Products; Sharif University of Technology; Azadi Street, PO Box 111559516 Tehran Iran
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Riddy DM, Delerive P, Summers RJ, Sexton PM, Langmead CJ. G Protein–Coupled Receptors Targeting Insulin Resistance, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 70:39-67. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Nøhr AC, Jespers W, Shehata MA, Floryan L, Isberg V, Andersen KB, Åqvist J, Gutiérrez-de-Terán H, Bräuner-Osborne H, Gloriam DE. The GPR139 reference agonists 1a and 7c, and tryptophan and phenylalanine share a common binding site. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1128. [PMID: 28442765 PMCID: PMC5430874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR139 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor expressed in the brain, in particular in the habenula, hypothalamus and striatum. It has therefore been suggested that GPR139 is a possible target for metabolic disorders and Parkinson's disease. Several surrogate agonist series have been published for GPR139. Two series published by Shi et al. and Dvorak et al. included agonists 1a and 7c respectively, with potencies in the ten-nanomolar range. Furthermore, Isberg et al. and Liu et al. have previously shown that tryptophan (Trp) and phenylalanine (Phe) can activate GPR139 in the hundred-micromolar range. In this study, we produced a mutagenesis-guided model of the GPR139 binding site to form a foundation for future structure-based ligand optimization. Receptor mutants studied in a Ca2+ assay demonstrated that residues F1093×33, H1875×43, W2416×48 and N2717×38, but not E1083×32, are highly important for the activation of GPR139 as predicted by the receptor model. The initial ligand-receptor complex was optimized through free energy perturbation simulations, generating a refined GPR139 model in agreement with experimental data. In summary, the GPR139 reference surrogate agonists 1a and 7c, and the endogenous amino acids L-Trp and L-Phe share a common binding site, as demonstrated by mutagenesis, ligand docking and free energy calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Cathrine Nøhr
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Willem Jespers
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Box 596, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohamed A Shehata
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leonard Floryan
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vignir Isberg
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Bayer Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Åqvist
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Box 596, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hugo Gutiérrez-de-Terán
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Box 596, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - David E Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Bailey JJ, Schirrmacher R, Farrell K, Bernard-Gauthier V. Tropomyosin receptor kinase inhibitors: an updated patent review for 2010-2016 - Part II. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017; 27:831-849. [PMID: 28270021 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1297797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION TrkA/B/C receptor activation supports growth, survival, and differentiation of discrete neuronal populations during development, adult life, and ageing but also plays numerous roles in human disease onset and progression. Trk-specific inhibitors have therapeutic applications in cancer and pain and thus constitute a growing area of interest in oncology and neurology. There has been substantial growth in the number of structural classes of Trk inhibitors and the number of industrial entrants to the Trk inhibitor field over the past six years. Areas covered: In Part II of this two-part review, the discussion of recent patent literature covering Trk family inhibitors is continued from Part I and clinical research with Trk inhibitors is considered. Expert opinion: Trk has been molecularly targeted for over a decade resulting in the progressive evolution of structurally diversified Trk inhibitors arising from scaffold hopping and HTS efforts. Correspondingly, there have been a growing number of clinical investigations utilizing Trk inhibitors in recent years, with a particular focus on the treatment of NTRK-fusion positive cancers and chronic pain. The observed potential of Trk inhibitors to cause adverse CNS side effects however suggests the need for a more rigorous consideration of BBB permeation capabilities during drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Bailey
- a Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Department of Oncology , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- a Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Department of Oncology , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
| | - Kristen Farrell
- a Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Department of Oncology , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
| | - Vadim Bernard-Gauthier
- a Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Department of Oncology , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
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