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Hawryluk N, Zhiru L, Carlow C, Gokool S, Townson S, Kreiss T, Chojnowski A, Prorok M, Siekierka J, Ehrens A, Koschel M, Lhermitte-Vallarino N, Martin C, Hoerauf A, Hernandez G, Canan S, Khetani V, Zeldis J, Specht S, Hübner MP, Scandale I. Filarial nematode phenotypic screening cascade to identify compounds with anti-parasitic activity for drug discovery optimization. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2022; 19:89-97. [PMID: 35834918 PMCID: PMC9278491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Filarial diseases, including lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, are considered among the most devastating of all tropical diseases, affecting over 86 million people worldwide. To control and more rapidly eliminate onchocerciasis requires treatments that target the adult stage of the parasite. Drug discovery efforts are challenged by the lack of preclinical animal models using the human-pathogenic filariae, requiring the use of surrogate parasites for Onchocerca volvulus for both ex vivo and in vivo evaluation. Herein, we describe a platform utilizing phenotypic ex vivo assays consisting of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, microfilariae and adult filariae of the bovine filariae Onchocerca lienalis and Onchocerca gutturosa, respectively, as well as microfilariae and adult filariae of the feline filariae Brugia pahangi, the rodent filariae Litomosoides sigmodontis and the human-pathogenic filariae Brugia malayi to assess activity across various surrogate parasites. Utilization of those surrogate nematodes for phenotypic ex vivo assays in order to assess activity across various parasites led to the successful establishment of a screening cascade and identification of multiple compounds with potential macrofilaricidal activity and desirable physicochemical, MW = 200-400 and low lipophilicity, logP <4, and pharmacokinetic properties, rat and human liver S9 stability of ≥70% remaining at 60 min, and AUC exposures above 3 μM h. This platform demonstrated the successful establishment of a screening cascade which resulted in the discovery of potential novel macrofilaricidal compounds for futher drug discovery lead optimization efforts. This screening cascade identified two distinct chemical series wherein one compound produced a significant 68% reduction of adult Litomosoides sigmodontis in the mouse model. Successful demonstration of efficacy prompted lead optimization medicinal chemistry efforts for this novel series.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Zhiru
- New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA, USA
| | | | - Suzanne Gokool
- Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, London, UK
| | - Simon Townson
- Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, London, UK
| | - Tamara Kreiss
- Sokol Institute of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - Agnieszka Chojnowski
- Sokol Institute of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - Monika Prorok
- Sokol Institute of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - John Siekierka
- Sokol Institute of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - Alexandra Ehrens
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marianne Koschel
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Coralie Martin
- Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM, UMR 7245), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Sabine Specht
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc P Hübner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ivan Scandale
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
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2
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von Drathen T, Ure EM, Kirschner S, Roth A, Meier L, Woolhouse AD, Cameron SA, Knippschild U, Peifer C, Luxenburger A. C5-Iminosugar modification of casein kinase 1δ lead 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-4-(pyridin-4-yl)isoxazole promotes enhanced inhibitor affinity and selectivity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2100497. [PMID: 35174898 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The quest for isoform-selective and specific ATP-competitive protein kinase inhibitors is of great interest, as inhibitors with these qualities will come with reduced toxicity and improved efficacy. However, creating such inhibitors is very challenging due to the high molecular similarity of kinases ATP active sites. To achieve selectivity for our casein kinase (CK) 1 inhibitor series, we elected to endow our previous CK1δ-hit, 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-4-(pyridin-4-yl)isoxazole (1), with chiral iminosugar scaffolds. These scaffolds were attached to C5 of the isoxazole ring, a position deemed favorable to facilitate binding interactions with the ribose pocket/solvent-open area of the ATP binding pocket of CK1δ. Here, we describe the synthesis of analogs of 1 ((-)-/(+)-34, (-)-/(+)-48), which were prepared in 13 steps from enantiomerically pure ethyl (3R,4S)- and ethyl (3S,4R)-1-benzyl-4-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylate ((-)-11 and (+)-11), respectively. The synthesis involved the coupling of Weinreb amide-activated chiral pyrrolidine scaffolds with 4- and 2-fluoro-4-picoline and reaction of the resulting 4-picolyl ketone intermediates ((-)-/(+)-40 and (-)-/(+)-44) with 4-fluoro-N-hydroxybenzenecarboximidoyl chloride to form the desired isoxazole ring. The activity of the compounds against human CK1δ, -ε, and -α was assessed in recently optimized in vitro assays. Compound (-)-34 was the most active compound with IC50 values (CK1δ/ε) of 1/8 µM and displayed enhanced selectivity toward CK1δ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten von Drathen
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.,Institute of Pharmacy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Elizabeth M Ure
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Stefan Kirschner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Aileen Roth
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Laura Meier
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anthony D Woolhouse
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Scott A Cameron
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Peifer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Luxenburger
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
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Mahmood SU, Cheng H, Tummalapalli SR, Chakrasali R, Yadav Bheemanaboina RR, Kreiss T, Chojnowski A, Eck T, Siekierka JJ, Rotella DP. Discovery of isoxazolyl-based inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum cGMP-dependent protein kinase. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:98-101. [PMID: 33479608 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00511k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cGMP-dependent protein kinase in Plasmodium falciparum (PfPKG) plays multiple roles in the life cycle of the parasite. As a result, this enzyme is a potential target for new antimalarial agents. Existing inhbitors, while potent and active in malaria models are not optimal. This communication describes initial optimization of a structurally distinct class of PfPKG inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Ul Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Montclair State University , Montclair , NJ 07043 , USA .
| | - Huimin Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Montclair State University , Montclair , NJ 07043 , USA .
| | - Sreedhar R Tummalapalli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Montclair State University , Montclair , NJ 07043 , USA .
| | - Ramappa Chakrasali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Montclair State University , Montclair , NJ 07043 , USA .
| | | | - Tamara Kreiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Montclair State University , Montclair , NJ 07043 , USA .
| | - Agnieska Chojnowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Montclair State University , Montclair , NJ 07043 , USA .
| | - Tyler Eck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Montclair State University , Montclair , NJ 07043 , USA .
| | - John J Siekierka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Montclair State University , Montclair , NJ 07043 , USA .
| | - David P Rotella
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Montclair State University , Montclair , NJ 07043 , USA .
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4
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Chalyk BA, Hrebeniuk KV, Fil YV, Gavrilenko KS, Rozhenko AB, Vashchenko BV, Borysov OV, Biitseva AV, Lebed PS, Bakanovych I, Moroz YS, Grygorenko OO. Synthesis of 5-(Fluoroalkyl)isoxazole Building Blocks by Regioselective Reactions of Functionalized Halogenoximes. J Org Chem 2019; 84:15877-15899. [PMID: 31626546 PMCID: PMC7341682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive study on the synthesis of 5-fluoroalkyl-substituted isoxazoles starting from functionalized halogenoximes is reported. One-pot metal-free [3 + 2] cycloaddition of CF3-substituted alkenes and halogenoximes bearing ester, bromo, chloromethyl, and protected amino groups was developed for the preparation of 5-trifluoromethylisoxazoles. The target 3,5-disubstituted derivatives were obtained in a regioselective manner in good to excellent yield on up to 130 g scale. 5-Fluoromethyl- and 5-difluoromethylisoxazoles were synthesized by late-stage deoxofluorination of the corresponding 5-hydroxymethyl or 5-formyl derivatives, respectively, in turn prepared via metal-free cycloaddition of halogenoximes and propargylic alcohol. An alternative approach based on nucleophilic substitution in 5-bromomethyl derivatives was found to be more convenient for the preparation of 5-fluoromethylisoxazoles. Reaction of isoxazole-5-carbaldehydes with the Ruppert-Prakash reagent was used for the preparation of (β,β,β-trifluoro-α-hydroxyethyl)isoxazoles. Utility of described approaches was shown by multigram preparation of side-chain functionalized mono-, di-, and trifluoromethylisoxazoles, for example, fluorinated analogues of ABT-418 and ESI-09.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan A Chalyk
- Enamine Ltd , (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Murmanska Street 5 , Kyiv 02660 , Ukraine
| | - Kateryna V Hrebeniuk
- Enamine Ltd , (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine
| | - Yulia V Fil
- Enamine Ltd , (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine
| | - Konstantin S Gavrilenko
- Enamine Ltd , (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Volodymyrska Street 60 , Kyiv 01601 , Ukraine
| | - Alexander B Rozhenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Murmanska Street 5 , Kyiv 02660 , Ukraine
| | - Bohdan V Vashchenko
- Enamine Ltd , (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Volodymyrska Street 60 , Kyiv 01601 , Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr V Borysov
- Enamine Ltd , (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Murmanska Street 5 , Kyiv 02660 , Ukraine
| | - Angelina V Biitseva
- Enamine Ltd , (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Volodymyrska Street 60 , Kyiv 01601 , Ukraine
| | - Pavlo S Lebed
- Enamine Ltd , (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Volodymyrska Street 60 , Kyiv 01601 , Ukraine
| | - Iulia Bakanovych
- Enamine Ltd , (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Volodymyrska Street 60 , Kyiv 01601 , Ukraine
| | - Yurii S Moroz
- Enamine Ltd , (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine
- Chemspace , Ilukstes iela 38-5 , Riga LV-1082 , Latvia
| | - Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd , (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Volodymyrska Street 60 , Kyiv 01601 , Ukraine
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Blei F. Update April 2018. Lymphat Res Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2018.29040.fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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