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Moghadam ES, Mireskandari K, Abdel-Jalil R, Amini M. An approach to pharmacological targets of pyrrole family from a medicinal chemistry viewpoint. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2486-2561. [PMID: 35339175 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220325150531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrole is one of the most widely used heterocycles in the pharmaceutical industry. Due to the importance of pyrrole structure in drug design and development, herein, we tried to conduct an extensive review of the bioactive pyrrole based compounds reported recently. The bioactivity of pyrrole derivatives varies, so in the review, we categorized them based on their direct pharmacologic targets. Therefore, readers are able to find the variety of biologic targets for pyrrole containing compounds easily. This review explains around seventy different biologic targets for pyrrole based derivatives, so, it is helpful for medicinal chemists in design and development novel bioactive compounds for different diseases. This review presents an extensive meaningful structure activity relationship for each reported structure as much as possible. The review focuses on papers published between 2018 and 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Saeedian Moghadam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran14176, Iran.
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, P.O. Box 36, P.C. 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Katayoon Mireskandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Raid Abdel-Jalil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, P.O. Box 36, P.C. 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran14176, Iran.
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Tora G, Kim SH, Pi Z, Johnson JA, Jiang J, Phillips M, Lloyd J, Abell LM, Lu H, Locke G, Adam LP, Taylor DS, Yin X, Behnia K, Zhao L, Yang R, Basso M, Caporuscio C, Chen AY, Liu E, Kirshgessner T, Onorato JM, Ryan C, Traeger SC, Gordon D, Wexler RR, Finlay HJ. Identification of Reversible Small Molecule Inhibitors of Endothelial Lipase (EL) That Demonstrate HDL-C Increase In Vivo. J Med Chem 2020; 63:1660-1670. [PMID: 31990537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial lipase (EL) hydrolyzes phospholipids in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) resulting in reduction in plasma HDL levels. Studies with murine transgenic, KO, or loss-of-function variants strongly suggest that inhibition of EL will lead to sustained plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increase and, potentially, a reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Herein, we describe the discovery of a series of oxadiazole ketones, which upon optimization, led to the identification of compound 12. Compound 12 was evaluated in a mouse pharmacodynamics (PD) model and demonstrated a 56% increase in plasma HDL-C. In a mouse reverse cholesterol transport study, compound 12 stimulated cholesterol efflux by 53% demonstrating HDL-C functionality.
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3
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Meng W, Adam LP, Behnia K, Zhao L, Yang R, Kopcho LM, Locke GA, Taylor DS, Yin X, Wexler RR, Finlay H. Benzothiazole-based compounds as potent endothelial lipase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126673. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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4
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Kim SH, Johnson JA, Jiang J, Parkhurst B, Phillips M, Pi Z, Qiao JX, Tora G, Ye Chen A, Liu E, Yin X, Yang R, Zhao L, Taylor DS, Basso M, Behnia K, Onorato J, Chen XQ, Abell LM, Lu H, Locke G, Caporuscio C, Adam LP, Gordon D, Wexler RR, Finlay HJ. Identification of substituted benzothiazole sulfones as potent and selective inhibitors of endothelial lipase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1918-1921. [PMID: 31176700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A low level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. HDL reduces inflammation and plays a central role in reverse cholesterol transport, where cholesterol is removed from peripheral tissues and atherosclerotic plaque. One approach to increase plasma HDL is through inhibition of endothelial lipase (EL). EL hydrolyzes phospholipids in HDL resulting in reduction of plasma HDL. A series of benzothiazole sulfone amides was optimized for EL inhibition potency, lipase selectivity and improved pharmacokinetic profile leading to the identification of Compound 32. Compound 32 was evaluated in a mouse pharmacodynamic model and found to show no effect on HDL cholesterol level despite achieving targeted plasma exposure (Ctrough > 15 fold over mouse plasma EL IC50 over 4 days).
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Affiliation(s)
- Soong-Hoon Kim
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States.
| | - James A Johnson
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Ji Jiang
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Brandon Parkhurst
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Monique Phillips
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Zulan Pi
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Jennifer X Qiao
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - George Tora
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Alice Ye Chen
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Eddie Liu
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Xiaohong Yin
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Richard Yang
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Lei Zhao
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - David S Taylor
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Michael Basso
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Kamelia Behnia
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Joelle Onorato
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Xue-Qing Chen
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Lynn M Abell
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Hao Lu
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Gregory Locke
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Christian Caporuscio
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Leonard P Adam
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - David Gordon
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Ruth R Wexler
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Heather J Finlay
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
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Fang WY, Ravindar L, Rakesh KP, Manukumar HM, Shantharam CS, Alharbi NS, Qin HL. Synthetic approaches and pharmaceutical applications of chloro-containing molecules for drug discovery: A critical review. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 173:117-153. [PMID: 30995567 PMCID: PMC7111421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
At present more than 250 FDA approved chlorine containing drugs were available in the market and many pharmaceutically important drug candidates in pre-clinical trials. Thus, it is quite obvious to expect that in coming decades there will be an even greater number of new chlorine-containing pharmaceuticals in market. Chlorinated compounds represent the family of compounds promising for use in medicinal chemistry. This review describes the recent advances in the synthesis of chlorine containing heterocyclic compounds as diverse biological agents and drugs in the pharmaceutical industries for the inspiration of the discovery and development of more potent and effective chlorinated drugs against numerous death-causing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yin Fang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - L Ravindar
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - K P Rakesh
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - H M Manukumar
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - C S Shantharam
- Department of Chemistry, Pooja Bhagavath Memorial Mahajana Education Centre, Mysuru, 570016, Karnataka, India
| | - Njud S Alharbi
- Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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6
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Johnson JA, Tora G, Pi Z, Phillips M, Yin X, Yang R, Zhao L, Chen AY, Taylor DS, Basso M, Rose A, Behnia K, Onorato J, Chen XQ, Abell LM, Lu H, Locke G, Caporuscio C, Galella M, Adam LP, Gordon D, Wexler RR, Finlay HJ. Sulfonylated Benzothiazoles as Inhibitors of Endothelial Lipase. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:1263-1268. [PMID: 30613337 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial lipase (EL) selectively metabolizes high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. Inhibition of EL has been shown to increase HDL concentration in preclinical animal models and was targeted as a potential treatment of atherosclerosis. We describe the introduction of an α-sulfone moiety to a benzothiazole series of EL inhibitors resulting in increased potency versus EL. Optimization for selectivity versus hepatic lipase and pharmacokinetic properties resulted in the discovery of 24, which showed good in vitro potency and bioavailability but, unexpectedly, did not increase HDL in the mouse pharmacodynamic model at the target plasma exposure.
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Hu CH, Wang TC, Qiao JX, Haque L, Chen AY, Taylor DS, Ying X, Onorato JM, Galella M, Shen H, Huang CS, Toussaint N, Li YX, Abell L, Adam LP, Gordon D, Wexler RR, Finlay HJ. Discovery and synthesis of tetrahydropyrimidinedione-4-carboxamides as endothelial lipase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3721-3725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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