1
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Willems S, Detta E, Baldini L, Tietz D, Trabocchi A, Brunschweiger A. Diversifying DNA-Tagged Amines by Isocyanide Multicomponent Reactions for DNA-Encoded Library Synthesis. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:7719-7724. [PMID: 38405463 PMCID: PMC10882610 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
In DNA-encoded library synthesis, amine-substituted building blocks are prevalent. We explored isocyanide multicomponent reactions to diversify DNA-tagged amines and reported the Ugi-azide reaction with high yields and a good substrate scope. In addition, the Ugi-aza-Wittig reaction and the Ugi-4-center-3-component reaction, which used bifunctional carboxylic acids to provide lactams, were explored. Five-, six-, and seven-membered lactams were synthesized from solid support-coupled DNA-tagged amines and bifunctional building blocks, providing access to structurally diverse scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Willems
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund
University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Elena Detta
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund
University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Baldini
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Deniz Tietz
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund
University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrea Trabocchi
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Andreas Brunschweiger
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund
University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Institute
of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Julius Maximilian
University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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2
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Nazeri MT, Nasiriani T, Torabi S, Shaabani A. Isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions for the synthesis of benzopyran derivatives with biological scaffolds. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1102-1134. [PMID: 38251960 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01671d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Benzopyrans (BZPs) are among the most privileged and influential small O-heterocycles that form the core of many natural compounds, commercial drugs, biological compositions, agrochemicals, and functional materials. BZPs are divided into six general categories including coumarins, chromans, 2H-chromenes, 4H-chromenes, chromones, and 4-chromanones, each of which is abundant in many plants and foods. These oxygenated heterocyclic compounds are fascinating motifs and have extensive applications in biology and materials science. Hence, numerous efforts have been made to develop innovative approaches for their extraction and synthesis. However, most of them are step-by-step or multi-step strategies that suffer from waste material generation and a tedious extraction process. Isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (I-MCRs) offer a highly efficient method for overcoming these problems. The I-MCR is a simple and environmentally friendly one-pot domino procedure that does not require intermediate isolation or workup and is generally more efficient in material usage. This review covers all research articles related to I-MCRs for synthesizing BZP derivatives from the beginning to the middle of the year 2023. This strategy will be useful for organic and pharmaceutical chemists to design new drugs and optimize the synthesis steps of biological compounds and commercial drugs with benzopyran cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taghi Nazeri
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P. O. Box 19396-4716, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Tahereh Nasiriani
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P. O. Box 19396-4716, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Torabi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P. O. Box 19396-4716, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Shaabani
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P. O. Box 19396-4716, Tehran, Iran.
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6, Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
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3
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Laha JK, Panday S, Weber JP, Breugst M. Divergent synthesis of pyrrole carboxamides from pyrrole carboxaldehyde and formamides/amines via oxidative amidation involving pyrrole acyl radicals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10259-10262. [PMID: 37534600 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02766j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
A non-traditional approach for the synthesis of pyrrole carboxamides from pyrrole carboxaldehyde and formamides or amines with catalytic amounts of nBu4NI and TBHP as oxidants is reported herein. The method is operationally simple providing straightforward access to primary, secondary, and tertiary pyrrole carboxamides in good to excellent yields utilizing inexpensive reagents under mild conditions. Unlike traditional amidations that involve ionic reactions, a mechanistic study of our current method unveils the involvement of 2- or 3-pyrrole acyl radicals that are otherwise rarely postulated. The applicability of the current method is further demonstrated in the synthesis of a drug-like compound, i.e., an optically pure carboetomidate amide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydev K Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
| | - Surabhi Panday
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S. A. S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
| | - J Patrick Weber
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Martin Breugst
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany.
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4
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Hooshmand SE, Zhang W. Ugi Four-Component Reactions Using Alternative Reactants. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041642. [PMID: 36838630 PMCID: PMC9961709 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ugi four-component reaction (Ugi-4CR) undoubtedly is the most prominent multicomponent reaction (MCRs) that has sparked organic chemists' interest in the field. It has been widely used in the synthesis of diverse heterocycle molecules such as potential drugs, natural product analogs, pseudo peptides, macrocycles, and functional materials. The Ugi-4CRs involve the use of an amine, an aldehyde or ketone, an isocyanide, and a carboxylic acid to produce an α-acetamido carboxamide derivative, which has significantly advanced the field of isocyanide-based MCRs. The so-called intermediate nitrilium ion could be trapped by a nucleophile such as azide, N-hydroxyphthalimide, thiol, saccharin, phenol, water, and hydrogen sulfide instead of the original carboxylic acid to allow for a wide variety of Ugi-type reactions to occur.β In addition to isocyanide, there are alternative reagents for the other three components: amine, isocyanide, and aldehyde or ketone. All these alternative components render the Ugi reaction an aptly diversity-oriented synthesis of a myriad of biologically active molecules and complex scaffolds. Consequently, this review will delve deeper into alternative components used in the Ugi MCRs, particularly over the past ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Emad Hooshmand
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran 1993893973, Iran
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-287-6147
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5
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Liu F, Anand L, Szostak M. Diversification of Indoles and Pyrroles by Molecular Editing: New Frontiers in Heterocycle-to-Heterocycle Transmutation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300096. [PMID: 36730110 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal editing via single-atom insertion reactions involving nitrogen heterocycles have been reported by two innovative and complementary methods for the conversion of pyrroles and indoles to pyridines, quinolines and quinazolines. The use of electrophilic carbonyl cation equivalents and in situ generated nitrenes enables molecular editing to transform heterocycles forming the foundation of best-selling pharmaceuticals. Considering the importance of heterocycles in medicinal chemistry, biology and natural products, these methods offer innovative approach to complex molecular structures by heterocycle diversification and peripheral editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, United States
| | - Lakshita Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, United States
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6
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Bocalandro M, González Armesto JJ, Montero-Cabrera LA, Martínez González M. 1,3 Dipolar Cycloaddition of Münchnones: Factors behind the Regioselectivity. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:645-660. [PMID: 36629023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition reactions of münchnones and alkenes provide an expedite synthetic way to substituted pyrroles, an exceedingly important structural motif in the pharmaceutical and material science fields of research. The factors governing their regioselectivity rationalization are not well understood. Using several approaches, we investigate a set of 14 reactions (featuring two münchnones, 12 different alkenes, and two alkynes). The Natural Bond Theory and the Non-Covalent Interaction Index analyses of the noncovalent interaction energies fail to predict the experimental major regioisomer. Employing global cDFT descriptors or local ones such as the Fukui function and dual descriptor yields similarly inaccurate predictions. Only the local softness pairing, within Pearson's Hard and Soft Acids and Bases principle, constitutes a reliable predictor for the major reaction product. By taking into account an estimator for the steric effects, the correct regioisomer is predicted. Steric effects play a major role in driving the regioselectivity, as was corroborated by energy decomposition analysis of the transition states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meylin Bocalandro
- Laboratory of Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana10400, Cuba
| | | | - Luis A Montero-Cabrera
- Laboratory of Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana10400, Cuba
| | - Marco Martínez González
- Laboratory of Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana10400, Cuba
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7
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Nasiriani T, Javanbakht S, Nazeri MT, Farhid H, Khodkari V, Shaabani A. Isocyanide-Based Multicomponent Reactions in Water: Advanced Green Tools for the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:50. [PMID: 36136281 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Reaction rate acceleration using green methods is an intriguing area of research for chemists. In this regard, water as a "green solvent" plays a crucial role in the acceleration of some organic transformations and reveals exclusive selectivity and reactivity in comparison with conventional organic solvents. In particular, multicomponent reactions (MCRs) as sustainable tools lead to the rapid generation of small-molecule libraries in water and aqueous media due to the prominent role of the hydrophobic effect. MCRs, as diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) methods, have great efficiency with simple operations, atom, pot, and step economy synthesis, and mechanistic beauty. Among diverse classes of MCRs, isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (I-MCRs), as sustainable and versatile reactions, have gained considerable attention in the synthesis of diverse heterocycle rings, especially in drug design because of the peculiar nature of isocyanide as a particular active reactant. I-MCRs that are performed in water are mild, environmentally friendly, and easily controlled, and have a reduced number of workup, purification, and extraction steps, which fit well with the advantages of "green" chemistry. Performing these powerful organic transformations in water and aqueous media is accompanied by acceleration owing to negative activation volumes, which originate from connecting several reactants together to generate a single product. It should be noted that the combination of MCR strategy and aqueous phase reaction is of growing interest for the development of sustainable synthetic techniques in organic conversions. However, an exclusive account focusing on the recent progress in eco-friendly I-MCRs for the construction of heterocycles in water and aqueous media is particularly lacking. This review highlights the progress of various kinds of I-MCRs in water and aqueous media as benign methods for the efficient construction of vital heterocyclic scaffolds, with a critical discussion of the subject in the period 2000-2021. We hope that this themed collection will be of interest and beneficial for organic and pharmaceutical chemists and will inspire more reaction development in this fascinating field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Nasiriani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshjou Boulevard Street, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Siamak Javanbakht
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshjou Boulevard Street, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Nazeri
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshjou Boulevard Street, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Hassan Farhid
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshjou Boulevard Street, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Vida Khodkari
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshjou Boulevard Street, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Ahmad Shaabani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshjou Boulevard Street, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran. .,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, RUDN University, 6, Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation.
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8
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Multicomponent Reactions for the Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15081009. [PMID: 36015157 PMCID: PMC9416173 DOI: 10.3390/ph15081009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions 9i.e., those that engage three or more starting materials to form a product that contains significant fragments of all of them), have been widely employed in the construction of compound libraries, especially in the context of diversity-oriented synthesis. While relatively less exploited, their use in target-oriented synthesis offers significant advantages in terms of synthetic efficiency. This review provides a critical summary of the use of multicomponent reactions for the preparation of active pharmaceutical principles.
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9
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Hooshmand SE, Yazdani H, Hulme C. Six‐Component Reactions and Beyond: The Nuts and Bolts. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Yazdani
- Independent researcher Independent Researcher Tehran IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
| | - Christopher Hulme
- The University of Arizona Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Tucson UNITED STATES
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10
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Dömling A. Innovations and Inventions: Why Was the Ugi Reaction Discovered Only 37 Years after the Passerini Reaction? J Org Chem 2022; 88:5242-5247. [PMID: 35881912 PMCID: PMC10167652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This year represents the 100th anniversary of the discovery of the Passerini three-component reaction. The related Ugi four-compound reaction was discovered 37 years after the Passerini reaction. Undoubtedly, both reactions are very important multicomponent reactions but the Ugi reactions outperform the Passerini reactions in terms of combinatorial space according to the equation xy [x is the number of building blocks per component, and y is the order of the multicomponent reaction (for Passerini, y = 3; for Ugi, y = 4)]. In this work, a historical but contemporary perspective of the discoveries and innovations of the two reactions is given. From a bird's eye view and in a more general sense, the discovery of novel reactions is discussed and how it relates to inventions and innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 AD, The Netherlands
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11
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Thomaidi M, Vagiaki LE, Tripolitsiotis NP, Angeli GK, Zarganes-Tzitzikas T, Sidiropoulou K, Neochoritis C. Local anesthetics via multicomponent reactions. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200246. [PMID: 35642621 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Local anesthetics occupy a prime position in clinical medicine as they temporarily relieve the pain by blocking the voltage-gated sodium channels. However, limited structural diversity, problems with the efficiency of syntheses and increasing toxicity, mean that alternative scaffolds with improved chemical syntheses are urgently needed. Here, we demonstrate an MCR-based approach both towards the synthesis of commercial local anesthetics and towards novel derivatives as potential anesthesia candidates via scaffold hopping. The reactions are efficient and scalable and several single-crystal structures have been obtained. In addition, our methodology has been applied to the synthesis of the antianginal drug ranolazine, via an Ugi three-component reaction. Representative derivatives from our libraries were evaluated as neuronal activity inhibitors using local field potential recordings (LFPs) in mouse hippocampal brain slices and showed very promising results. This study highlights new opportunities in drug discovery targeting local anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Thomaidi
- University of Crete: Panepistemio Kretes, Chemistry, GREECE
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12
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Qiu SB, Xiao JH, Chen PR, Ai KL, Pan KL, Chen JK, Chen YW, Pan PS. Robust Synthesis of Tetra‐Boronate Esters Analogues and the Corresponding Boronic Acids Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Bei Qiu
- National Defense Medical Center Institute of Life Sciences TAIWAN
| | | | - Pin-Rui Chen
- Tamkang University Department of Chemistry TAIWAN
| | - Kuan-Lin Ai
- Tamkang University Department of Chemistry TAIWAN
| | - Kuan-Lin Pan
- Tamkang University Department of Chemistry TAIWAN
| | - Jen-Kun Chen
- National Health Research Institutes Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine TAIWAN
| | - Yi-Wei Chen
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital Oncology New Taipei City TAIWAN
| | - Po-Shen Pan
- Tamkang University Chemistry No.151, Yingzhuan Rd., Tamsui Dist., 25137 New Taipei City TAIWAN
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13
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Chowdhury R, Dubey MK, Waser M. Catalytic Enantioselective Decarboxylative Aldol reactions of Malonic acid half thio(oxy)ester and β‐ketoacids. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raghunath Chowdhury
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Bio-Organic Division Tombay 400085 Mumbai INDIA
| | | | - Mario Waser
- Johannes Kepler Universität Linz: Johannes Kepler Universitat Linz Institute of Organic Chemistry AUSTRIA
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14
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Crystal structure of methyl 2-(4-(2-(cyclopentyl-amino)-1-(N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1-H-pyrazole-3-carboxamido)-2-oxoethyl)phenyl)acetate, C34H36N4O5. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2021-0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C34H36N4O5, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 29.9636(9) Å, b = 20.4000(3) Å, c = 14.2266(4) Å, β = 132.845(5)°, V = 6376.0(5) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt
(F) = 0.0544, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1735, T = 293(2) K.
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15
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Ulgheri F, Spanu P, Deligia F, Loriga G, Fuggetta MP, de Haan I, Chandgudge A, Groves M, Domling A. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,5-disubstituted α-amino tetrazole derivatives as non-covalent inflammasome-caspase-1 complex inhibitors with potential application against immune and inflammatory disorders. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 229:114002. [PMID: 34823899 PMCID: PMC8598261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Compounds targeting the inflammasome-caspase-1 pathway could be of use for the treatment of inflammation and inflammatory diseases. Previous caspase-1 inhibitors were in great majority covalent inhibitors and failed in clinical trials. Using a mixed modelling, computational screening, synthesis and in vitro testing approach, we identified a novel class of non-covalent caspase-1 non cytotoxic inhibitors which are able to inhibit IL-1β release in activated macrophages in the low μM range, in line with the best activities observed for the known covalent inhibitors. Our compounds could form the basis of further optimization towards potent drugs for the treatment of inflammation and inflammatory disorders including also dysregulated inflammation in Covid 19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausta Ulgheri
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), Trav. La Crucca 3, 07100, Sassari, Italy,Corresponding author
| | - Pietro Spanu
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), Trav. La Crucca 3, 07100, Sassari, Italy,Corresponding author
| | - Francesco Deligia
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), Trav. La Crucca 3, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Loriga
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), Trav. La Crucca 3, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Fuggetta
- Institute of Traslational Pharmacology, National Research Council (CNR), Via Fosso Del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Iris de Haan
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ajay Chandgudge
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew Groves
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Domling
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands,Corresponding author
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16
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Kita R, Osawa T, Obika S. Conjugation of oligonucleotides with activated carbamate reagents prepared by the Ugi reaction for oligonucleotide library synthesis. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:728-738. [PMID: 35755192 PMCID: PMC9175101 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00240f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA-encoded library (DEL) is a powerful tool for drug discovery. As a result, to obtain diverse DELs, many DNA-compatible chemical reactions have been developed over the past decade. Among the most commonly used reactions in medicinal chemistry, multicomponent reactions (MCRs) can lead to the generation of various compounds in a one-step reaction. In particular, the Ugi reaction can easily provide a peptoid library. Thus, we herein report a solution-phase DEL synthesis based on the Ugi reaction. Using 6-(4-nitrophenoxycarbonylamino)hexanoic acid and N-4-nitrophenoxycarbonylglycine as carboxylic acids, peptoids with activated carbamate moieties were obtained as the products of the Ugi reaction. These peptoids were then treated with oligonucleotides bearing a 5′- or 3′-terminal aminohexyl linker to give various oligonucleotide-tagged peptoids in good yields. Moreover, the obtained peptoids could be substituted by a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction and by hydrolysis of the carboxylate ester, followed by condensation with amines. These advances should therefore promote pharmaceutical and medicinal research using DELs. A solution-phase conjugation method based on the Ugi reaction is reported, which enables the synthesis of an oligonucleotide-tagged peptoid library.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Kita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Osawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Obika
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
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17
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Yazdani H, Hooshmand SE, Varma RS. Covalent organic frameworks and multicomponent reactions: an endearing give-and-take relationship. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00697a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are porous and crystalline materials which are assembled by dynamic covalent bonds with two- or three-dimensional (2D or 3D) features. Unlike other polymers, COFs have significant...
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18
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Brandão P, Puerta A, Padrón JM, Kuznetsov ML, Burke AJ, Pineiro M. Ugi Adducts of Isatin as Promising Antiproliferative Agents with Druglike Properties. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Brandão
- CQC and Department of Chemistry University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE University of Évora Rua Romão Ramalho, 59 7000 Évora Portugal
| | - Adrián Puerta
- BioLab Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO-AG) Universidad de La Laguna PO Box 456 38200 La Laguna Spain
| | - José M. Padrón
- BioLab Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO-AG) Universidad de La Laguna PO Box 456 38200 La Laguna Spain
| | - Maxim L. Kuznetsov
- Centro de Química Estrutural Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Avenida Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Anthony J. Burke
- LAQV-REQUIMTE University of Évora Rua Romão Ramalho, 59 7000 Évora Portugal
- Department of Chemistry University of Evora Rua Romão Ramalho, 59 7000 Évora Portugal
| | - Marta Pineiro
- CQC and Department of Chemistry University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
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19
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Wagh SB, Maslivetc VA, La Clair JJ, Kornienko A. Lessons in Organic Fluorescent Probe Discovery. Chembiochem 2021; 22:3109-3139. [PMID: 34062039 PMCID: PMC8595615 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes have gained profound use in biotechnology, drug discovery, medical diagnostics, molecular and cell biology. The development of methods for the translation of fluorophores into fluorescent probes continues to be a robust field for medicinal chemists and chemical biologists, alike. Access to new experimental designs has enabled molecular diversification and led to the identification of new approaches to probe discovery. This review provides a synopsis of the recent lessons in modern fluorescent probe discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin B Wagh
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, USA
| | - Vladimir A Maslivetc
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, USA
| | - James J La Clair
- Xenobe Research Institute, P. O. Box 3052, San Diego, CA, 92163-1062, USA
| | - Alexander Kornienko
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, USA
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20
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Wong XK, Yeong KY. A Patent Review on the Current Developments of Benzoxazoles in Drug Discovery. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3237-3262. [PMID: 34289258 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The benzoxazole moiety is widely found in various natural compounds, which are often found to be biologically active. Due to its versatile biological properties, benzoxazole has been incorporated as an essential pharmacophore and substructure in many medicinal compounds. In the past years, numerous benzoxazole derivatives have been synthesised and evaluated for their biological potential. The wide range in therapeutic potential of benzoxazole derivatives is related to the favourable interactions of the benzoxazole moiety with different protein targets. Herein we review the biological activities of benzoxazole derivatives patented within the past six years. Using the Lens database, granted patents issued from 2015 to 2020 were retrieved. The patented benzoxazole derivatives demonstrated excellent activity against various protein targets and diseases, with some reaching clinical trial stage. Pharmacological and medicinal aspects of patented benzoxazole derivatives are discussed. The recent development and drawbacks are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Khai Wong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keng Yoon Yeong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
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21
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Mousavi H. A comprehensive survey upon diverse and prolific applications of chitosan-based catalytic systems in one-pot multi-component synthesis of heterocyclic rings. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:1003-1166. [PMID: 34174311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds are among the most prestigious and valuable chemical molecules with diverse and magnificent applications in various sciences. Due to the remarkable and numerous properties of the heterocyclic frameworks, the development of efficient and convenient synthetic methods for the preparation of such outstanding compounds is of great importance. Undoubtedly, catalysis has a conspicuous role in modern chemical synthesis and green chemistry. Therefore, when designing a chemical reaction, choosing and or preparing powerful and environmentally benign simple catalysts or complicated catalytic systems for an acceleration of the chemical reaction is a pivotal part of work for synthetic chemists. Chitosan, as a biocompatible and biodegradable pseudo-natural polysaccharide is one of the excellent choices for the preparation of suitable catalytic systems due to its unique properties. In this review paper, every effort has been made to cover all research articles in the field of one-pot synthesis of heterocyclic frameworks in the presence of chitosan-based catalytic systems, which were published roughly by the first quarter of 2020. It is hoped that this review paper can be a little help to synthetic scientists, methodologists, and catalyst designers, both on the laboratory and industrial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
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22
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Farhid H, Khodkari V, Nazeri MT, Javanbakht S, Shaabani A. Multicomponent reactions as a potent tool for the synthesis of benzodiazepines. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3318-3358. [PMID: 33899847 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02600j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Benzodiazepines (BZDs), a diverse class of benzofused seven-membered N-heterocycles, display essential pharmacological properties and play vital roles in some biochemical processes. They have mainly been prescribed as potential therapeutic agents, which interestingly represent various biological activities such as anticancer, anxiolytic, antipsychotic, anticonvulsant, antituberculosis, muscle relaxant, and antimicrobial activities. The extensive biological activities of BZDs in various fields have encouraged medicinal chemists to discover and design novel BZD-based scaffolds as potential therapeutic candidates with the favorite biological activity through an efficient protocol. Although certainly valuable and important, conventional synthetic routes to these bicyclic benzene compounds contain methodologies often requiring multistep procedures, which suffer from waste materials generation and lack of sustainability. By contrast, multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have recently advanced as a green synthetic strategy for synthesizing BZDs with the desired scope. In this regard, MCRs, especially Ugi and Ugi-type reactions, efficiently and conveniently supply various complex synthons, which can easily be converted to the BZDs via suitable post-transformations. Also, MCRs, especially Mannich-type reactions, provide speedy and economic approaches for the one-pot and one-step synthesis of BZDs. As a result, various functionalized-BZDs have been achieved by developing mild, efficient, and high-yielding MCR protocols. This review covers all aspects of the synthesis of BZDs with a particular focus on the MCRs as well as the mechanism chemistry of synthetic protocols. The present manuscript opens a new avenue for organic, medicinal, and industrial chemists to design safe, environmentally benign, and economical methods for the synthesis of new and known BZDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Farhid
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P. O. Box 19396-4716, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Vida Khodkari
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P. O. Box 19396-4716, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Taghi Nazeri
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P. O. Box 19396-4716, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Siamak Javanbakht
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P. O. Box 19396-4716, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Shaabani
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P. O. Box 19396-4716, Tehran, Iran. and Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6, Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
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23
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Gulati S, John SE, Shankaraiah N. Microwave-assisted multicomponent reactions in heterocyclic chemistry and mechanistic aspects. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:819-865. [PMID: 33968258 PMCID: PMC8077743 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microwave-assisted (MWA) multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have successfully emerged as one of the useful tools in the synthesis of biologically relevant heterocycles. These reactions are strategically employed for the generation of a variety of heterocycles along with multiple point diversifications. Over the last few decades classical MCRs such as Ugi, Biginelli, etc. have witnessed enhanced yield and efficiency with microwave assistance. The highlights of MWA-MCRs are high yields, reduced reaction time, selectivity, atom economy and simpler purification techniques, such an approach can accelerate the drug discovery process. The present review focuses on the recent advances in MWA-MCRs and their mechanistic insights over the past decade and shed light on its advantage over the conventional approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Gulati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Stephy Elza John
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
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24
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Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Assessment of the Antibacterial Activity of Some New Aminopyridine, Pyrrolidine, Piperidine and Morpholine Acetamides. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030533. [PMID: 33498526 PMCID: PMC7864198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new acetamide derivatives 22–28 of primary and secondary amines and para-toluene sulphinate sodium salt have been synthesized under microwave irradiation and assessed in vitro for their antibacterial activity against one Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacterial species such as S. pyogenes, E. coli, and P. mirabilis using the Mueller-Hinton Agar diffusion (well diffusion) method. The synthesized compounds with significant differences in inhibition diameters and MICs were compared with those of amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephalothin, azithromycin and doxycycline. All of the evaluated acetamide derivatives were used with varying inhibition concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 37.5, 62.5, 87.5, 112.5 and 125 µg/mL. The results show that the most important antibacterial properties were displayed by the synthetic compounds 22 and 24, both of bear a para-chlorophenyl moiety incorporated into the 2-position moiety of acetamide 1. The molecular structures of the new compounds were determined using the FT-IR and 1H-NMR techniques.
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25
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Takemoto Y, Tokuhiro Y, Hayama N, Kobayashi Y. Bifunctional-Benzothiadiazine-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective Aldol Reactions Using A 1,3-Acetonedicarboxylic Acid Monoester. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/com-20-s(k)12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Nazeri MT, Shaabani A. Synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles via isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions as an efficient synthesis tool. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04514h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The present review covers all synthetic methods based on isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions for the preparation of polysubstituted pyrroles as the parent cores of many essential drugs, biologically active compounds, and compounds with wide application in materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taghi Nazeri
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshjou Boulevard Street, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Ahmad Shaabani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshjou Boulevard Street, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6, Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
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27
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Li Y, Huang S, Li J, Li J, Ji X, Liu J, Chen L, Peng S, Zhang K. Access to 2-pyridinylamide and imidazopyridine from 2-fluoropyridine and amidine hydrochloride. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9292-9299. [PMID: 33164006 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01904f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Under catalyst-free conditions, an efficient method to synthesize 2-pyridinylamides has been developed, and the protocol uses inexpensive and readily available 2-fluoropyridine and amidine derivatives as the starting materials. Simultaneously, the copper-catalysed approach to imidazopyridine derivatives has been established with high chemoselectivity and regiospecificity. The results suggest that the nitrogen-heterocycles containing iodide substituents can also be compatible for the reaction via the cascade Ullmann-type coupling, and the nucleophilic substitution reaction provides the target products in a one-pot manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibiao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China.
| | - Shuo Huang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China.
| | - Jiaming Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China.
| | - Jian Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China.
| | - Xiaoliang Ji
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China.
| | - Jiasheng Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China.
| | - Lu Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China.
| | - Shiyong Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China.
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020 China.
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28
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Marques CS, McArdle P, Erxleben A, Burke AJ. Accessing New 5‐α‐(3,3‐Disubstituted Oxindole)‐Benzylamine Derivatives from Isatin: Stereoselective Organocatalytic Three Component Petasis Reaction. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina S. Marques
- LAQV‐REQUIMTE University of Évora Institute for Research and Advanced Studies Rua Romão Ramalho, 59 7000‐671 Évora Portugal
| | - Patrick McArdle
- School of Chemistry National University of Ireland Galway Ireland
| | - Andrea Erxleben
- School of Chemistry National University of Ireland Galway Ireland
| | - Anthony J. Burke
- LAQV‐REQUIMTE University of Évora Institute for Research and Advanced Studies Rua Romão Ramalho, 59 7000‐671 Évora Portugal
- Chemistry Department School of Science and Technology University of Évora Rua Romão Ramalho 59 7000‐671 Évora Portugal
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29
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Clemente GS, Rickmeier J, Antunes IF, Zarganes-Tzitzikas T, Dömling A, Ritter T, Elsinga PH. [ 18F]Atorvastatin: synthesis of a potential molecular imaging tool for the assessment of statin-related mechanisms of action. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:34. [PMID: 32296962 PMCID: PMC7158976 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Statins are lipid-lowering agents that inhibit cholesterol synthesis and are clinically used in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. However, a considerable group of patients does not respond to statin treatment, and the reason for this is still not completely understood. [18F]Atorvastatin, the 18F-labeled version of one of the most widely prescribed statins, may be a useful tool for statin-related research. Results [18F]Atorvastatin was synthesized via an optimized ruthenium-mediated late-stage 18F-deoxyfluorination. The defluoro-hydroxy precursor was produced via Paal-Knorr pyrrole synthesis and was followed by coordination of the phenol to a ruthenium complex, affording the labeling precursor in approximately 10% overall yield. Optimization and automation of the labeling procedure reliably yielded an injectable solution of [18F]atorvastatin in 19% ± 6% (d.c.) with a molar activity of 65 ± 32 GBq·μmol−1. Incubation of [18F]atorvastatin in human serum did not lead to decomposition. Furthermore, we have shown the ability of [18F]atorvastatin to cross the hepatic cell membrane to the cytosolic and microsomal fractions where HMG-CoA reductase is known to be highly expressed. Blocking assays using rat liver sections confirmed the specific binding to HMG-CoA reductase. Autoradiography on rat aorta stimulated to develop atherosclerotic plaques revealed that [18F]atorvastatin significantly accumulates in this tissue when compared to the healthy model. Conclusions The improved ruthenium-mediated 18F-deoxyfluorination procedure overcomes previous hurdles such as the addition of salt additives, the drying steps, or the use of different solvent mixtures at different phases of the process, which increases its practical use, and may allow faster translation to clinical settings. Based on tissue uptake evaluations, [18F]atorvastatin showed the potential to be used as a tool for the understanding of the mechanism of action of statins. Further knowledge of the in vivo biodistribution of [18F]atorvastatin may help to better understand the origin of off-target effects and potentially allow to distinguish between statin-resistant and non-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo S Clemente
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging - University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Rickmeier
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Inês F Antunes
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging - University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tryfon Zarganes-Tzitzikas
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging - University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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30
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Ji E, Meng H, Zheng Y, Ramadoss V, Wang Y. Copper-Catalyzed Stereospecific Hydroboration of Internal Allylic Alcohols. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enhui Ji
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS); School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 211816 Nanjing China
| | - Haiwen Meng
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS); School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 211816 Nanjing China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS); School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 211816 Nanjing China
| | - Velayudham Ramadoss
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS); School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 211816 Nanjing China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS); School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; 211816 Nanjing China
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31
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Graebin CS, Ribeiro FV, Rogério KR, Kümmerle AE. Multicomponent Reactions for the Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds: A Review. Curr Org Synth 2019; 16:855-899. [DOI: 10.2174/1570179416666190718153703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are composed of three or more reagents in which the final
product has all or most of the carbon atoms from its starting materials. These reactions represent, in the
medicinal chemistry context, great potential in the research for new bioactive compounds, since their products
can present great structural complexity. The aim of this review is to present the main multicomponent reactions
since the original report by Strecker in 1850 from nowadays, covering their evolution, highlighting their
significance in the discovery of new bioactive compounds. The use of MCRs is, indeed, a growing field of
interest in the synthesis of bioactive compounds and approved drugs, with several examples of commerciallyavailable
drugs that are (or can be) obtained through these protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric S. Graebin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Brazil
| | - Felipe V. Ribeiro
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Brazil
| | | | - Arthur E. Kümmerle
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Brazil
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32
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Kunig VBK, Ehrt C, Dömling A, Brunschweiger A. Isocyanide Multicomponent Reactions on Solid-Phase-Coupled DNA Oligonucleotides for Encoded Library Synthesis. Org Lett 2019; 21:7238-7243. [PMID: 31464126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Isocyanide multicomponent reactions play a prominent role in drug discovery. This chemistry has hardly been investigated for compatibility with DNA-encoded combinatorial synthesis. The Ugi, Ugi-azide, and Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé reactions are well-tolerated by DNA on the solid phase and show a broad scope. However, an oxadiazole-forming variant of the Ugi reaction caused DNA depurination, requiring a more stable hexathymidine DNA for encoded library synthesis. Cheminformatic analysis revealed that isocyanide multicomponent-reaction-based encoded libraries cover a diverse chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena B K Kunig
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Christiane Ehrt
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Drug Design , University of Groningen , Deusinglaan 1 , 7313 AV Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Brunschweiger
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
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