1
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Ungarean CN, Larin EM, Egger DT, Ziegler P, Lefebvre Q, Fessard TC, Morandi B. Reactivity and Selectivity of Azaspirocycles in Radical C-H Functionalization. Org Lett 2024; 26:2784-2789. [PMID: 38032812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of saturated spirocycles toward selective C-H functionalization reactions are scarce, despite their potential applications. In this work, we uncovered fundamental reactivity and selectivity differences between saturated heterocycles and their spirocyclic analogues using a model radical C-H xanthylation coupled with computational analysis. Ultimately, this study sheds light on the fundamental, understudied radical reactivity of spirocycles, thereby allowing for a pronounced chemical tunability that will prove to be advantageous in the expansion of their chemical space and applications in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad N Ungarean
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Egor M Larin
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dominic T Egger
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Ziegler
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Bill Morandi
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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2
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Semeno VV, Vasylchenko VO, Fesun IM, Ruzhylo LY, Kipriianov MO, Melnykov KP, Skreminskyi A, Iminov R, Mykhailiuk P, Vashchenko BV, Grygorenko OO. Bicyclo[m.n.k]alkane Building Blocks as Promising Benzene and Cycloalkane Isosteres: Multigram Synthesis, Physicochemical and Structural Characterization. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303859. [PMID: 38149408 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Electrophilic double bond functionalization - intramolecular enolate alkylation sequence was used to obtain a series of bridged and fused bicyclo[m.n.k]alkane derivatives (i. e., bicyclo[4.1.1]octanes, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes, bicyclo[3.2.1]octanes, bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes, and bicyclo[4.2.0]heptanes). The scope and limitations of the method were established, and applicability to the multigram synthesis of target bicyclic compounds was illustrated. Using the developed protocols, over 50 mono- and bifunctional building blocks relevant to medicinal chemistry were prepared. The synthesized compounds are promising isosteres of benzene and cycloalkane rings, which is confirmed by their physicochemical and structural characterization (pKa , LogP, and exit vector parameters (EVP)). "Rules of thumb" for the upcoming isosteric replacement studies were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr V Semeno
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | | | - Ihor M Fesun
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla Yu Ruzhylo
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- National Technical University of Ukraine " Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Beresteiskyi Ave. 37, Kyїv, 03056, Ukraine
| | - Mykhailo O Kipriianov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- National Technical University of Ukraine " Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Beresteiskyi Ave. 37, Kyїv, 03056, Ukraine
| | - Kostiantyn P Melnykov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | | | - Rustam Iminov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
| | | | - Bohdan V Vashchenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
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3
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He L, Zhang MY, Cox M, Zhang Q, Donnell AF, Zhang Y, Tarby C, Gill P, Subbaiah MAM, Ramar T, Reddy M, Puttapaka V, Li YX, Sivaprakasam P, Critton D, Mulligan D, Xie C, Ramakrishnan R, Nagar J, Dudhgaonkar S, Murtaza A, Oderinde MS, Schieven GL, Mathur A, Gavai AV, Vite G, Gangwar S, Poudel YB. Identification and Optimization of Small Molecule Pyrazolopyrimidine TLR7 Agonists for Applications in Immuno-oncology. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:189-196. [PMID: 38352849 PMCID: PMC10860188 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Small molecule toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 agonists have gathered considerable interest as promising therapeutic agents for applications in cancer immunotherapy. Herein, we describe the development and optimization of a series of novel TLR7 agonists through systematic structure-activity relationship studies focusing on modification of the phenylpiperidine side chain. Additional refinement of ADME properties culminated in the discovery of compound 14, which displayed nanomolar reporter assay activity and favorable drug-like properties. Compound 14 demonstrated excellent in vivo pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles and synergistic antitumor activity when administered in combination with aPD1 antibody, suggesting opportunities of employing 14 in immuno-oncology therapies with immune checkpoint blockade agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqi He
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Meng Yao Zhang
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Matthew Cox
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Qian Zhang
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Andrew F. Donnell
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Christine Tarby
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Patrice Gill
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | | | | | - Maheswara Reddy
- Biocon
Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Bangalore 560099, India
| | | | - Yi-Xin Li
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Prasanna Sivaprakasam
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - David Critton
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Dawn Mulligan
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Chunshan Xie
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Radha Ramakrishnan
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jignesh Nagar
- Biocon
Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Bangalore 560099, India
| | | | - Anwar Murtaza
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Martins S. Oderinde
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Gary L. Schieven
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Ashvinikumar V. Gavai
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Gregory Vite
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Sanjeev Gangwar
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Yam B. Poudel
- Research
and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
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4
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Poudel YB, He L, Cox M, Zhang Q, Johnson WL, Cong Q, Cheng H, Chowdari NS, Tarby C, Donnell AF, Broekema M, O’Malley DP, Zhang Y, A. M. Subbaiah M, Kumar BV, Subramani L, Wang B, Li YX, Sivaprakasam P, Critton D, Mulligan D, Sandhu B, Xie C, Ramakrishnan R, Nagar J, Dudhgaonkar S, Oderinde MS, Murtaza A, Schieven GL, Mathur A, Gavai AV, Vite G, Gangwar S. Discovery of Novel TLR7 Agonists as Systemic Agent for Combination With aPD1 for Use in Immuno-oncology. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:181-188. [PMID: 38352830 PMCID: PMC10860183 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
We have designed and developed novel and selective TLR7 agonists that exhibited potent receptor activity in a cell-based reporter assay. In vitro, these agonists significantly induced secretion of cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, TNFa, IFNa, and IP-10 in human and mouse whole blood. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies in mice showed a significant secretion of IFNα and TNFα cytokines. When combined with aPD1 in a CT-26 tumor model, the lead compound showed strong synergistic antitumor activity with complete tumor regression in 8/10 mice dosed using the intravenous route. Structure-activity relationship studies enabled by structure-based designs of TLR7 agonists are disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yam B. Poudel
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Liqi He
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Matthew Cox
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Qian Zhang
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Walter L. Johnson
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Qiang Cong
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Heng Cheng
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Naidu S. Chowdari
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Christine Tarby
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Andrew F. Donnell
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Matthais Broekema
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Daniel P. O’Malley
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | | | - Boda Vijay Kumar
- The
Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Center (BBRC), Bangalore 560099, India
| | | | - Bei Wang
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Yi-Xin Li
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Prasanna Sivaprakasam
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - David Critton
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Dawn Mulligan
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Bhupindar Sandhu
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Chunshan Xie
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Radha Ramakrishnan
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Jignesh Nagar
- The
Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Center (BBRC), Bangalore 560099, India
| | | | - Martins S. Oderinde
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Anwar Murtaza
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Gary L. Schieven
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Ashvinikumar V. Gavai
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Gregory Vite
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Sanjeev Gangwar
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb Research & Development, 700 Bay Road, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
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5
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Yavari I, Shaabanzadeh S, Ghafouri K. Scalable Diastereoselective Electrosynthesis of Spiro[benzofuran-2,2'-furan]-3-ones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:425-432. [PMID: 38085534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Spirobenzofuran scaffolds, because of their three-dimensional structure, are incorporated into several valuable natural products and drug candidate molecules. Herein, with the assistance of electrosynthesis, we introduce a novel electrochemical approach for achieving spirobenzofurans in a user-friendly and operationally simple undivided cell setup under constant current. This metal-catalyst-free electrochemical procedure afforded spiro[benzofuran-2,2'-furan]-3-ones with high diastereoselectivity. Compatibility with gram-scale synthesis along with the convenient accessibility of reaction instruments and starting materials collectively raised the importance of this protocol compared to previous challenging methods. Furthermore, mechanistic cognizance of this reaction is obtained by the investigation of the cyclic voltammetry spectra of reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issa Yavari
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran 1463694571, Iran
| | - Sina Shaabanzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran 1463694571, Iran
| | - Kiyana Ghafouri
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran 1463694571, Iran
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6
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Kirichok AA, Tkachuk H, Kozyriev Y, Shablykin O, Datsenko O, Granat D, Yegorova T, Bas YP, Semirenko V, Pishel I, Kubyshkin V, Lesyk D, Klymenko-Ulianov O, Mykhailiuk PK. 1-Azaspiro[3.3]heptane as a Bioisostere of Piperidine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202311583. [PMID: 37819253 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
1-Azaspiro[3.3]heptanes were synthesized, characterized, and validated biologically as bioisosteres of piperidine. The key synthesis step was thermal [2+2] cycloaddition between endocyclic alkenes and the Graf isocyanate, ClO2 S-NCO, to give spirocyclic β-lactams. Reduction of the β-lactam ring with alane produced 1-azaspiro[3.3]heptanes. Incorporation of this core into the anesthetic drug bupivacaine instead of the piperidine fragment resulted in a new patent-free analogue with high activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Kirichok
- Enamine Ltd, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Faculty of Chemistry, Volodymyrska 60, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Yevhenii Kozyriev
- Enamine Ltd, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Faculty of Chemistry, 72 Gagarina Ave., 49010, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Shablykin
- Enamine Ltd, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, Akademika Kukharya 1, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Dmitry Granat
- Enamine Ltd, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tetyana Yegorova
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Faculty of Chemistry, Volodymyrska 60, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yuliya P Bas
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Faculty of Chemistry, Volodymyrska 60, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Iryna Pishel
- Enamine Ltd, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Dmytro Lesyk
- Bienta, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Pavel K Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Faculty of Chemistry, Volodymyrska 60, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
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7
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Hayrapetyan D, Yussupova L, Kaipov A, Galyamova A. Electrochemical synthesis of spirocyclic morpholines and tetrahydrofurans via an oxidative dearomatisation strategy. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7090-7094. [PMID: 37605629 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01176c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Simple and scalable electrochemical oxidation of the electron-rich benzene ring followed by intramolecular capture of reactive cation-radical intermediates opens access to spirocyclic morpholines and tetrahydrofurans. The obtained molecules can be readily modified to value-added building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davit Hayrapetyan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Lyailya Yussupova
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Almaz Kaipov
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Aigerim Galyamova
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan.
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8
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Shi SX, Zhang HH, Wang YL, Jiang LH, Xu PF, Luo YC. Visible-Light-Mediated Intermolecular [2 + 2]-Cycloaddition Reaction of 3-Alkylideneindolin-2-one with Alkenes via Triplet Energy Transfer for the Synthesis of 3-Spirocyclobutyl Oxindoles. Org Lett 2023; 25:5426-5430. [PMID: 37458365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
[2 + 2]-Cycloaddition is the most straightforward approach to the construction of cyclobutanes. In this paper, the intermolecular [2 + 2]-cycloaddition reaction of 3-alkylideneindolin-2-ones with alkenes was achieved. This reaction can be used in the synthesis of 3-spirocyclobutyl oxindoles, polycyclic oxindoles, and late stage modification of some drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Xian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yi-Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lin-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Chun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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9
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Smith E, Jones KD, O'Brien L, Argent SP, Salome C, Lefebvre Q, Valery A, Böcü M, Newton GN, Lam HW. Silver(I)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Cuneanes from Cubanes and their Investigation as Isosteres. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37478562 PMCID: PMC10401713 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Bridged or caged polycyclic hydrocarbons have rigid structures that project substituents into precise regions of 3D space, making them attractive as linking groups in materials science and as building blocks for medicinal chemistry. The efficient synthesis of new or underexplored classes of such compounds is, therefore, an important objective. Herein, we describe the silver(I)-catalyzed rearrangement of 1,4-disubstituted cubanes to cuneanes, which are strained hydrocarbons that have not received much attention since they were first described in 1970. The synthesis of 2,6-disubstituted or 1,3-disubstituted cuneanes can be achieved with high regioselectivities, with the regioselectivity being dependent on the electronic character of the cubane substituents. A preliminary assessment of cuneanes as scaffolds for medicinal chemistry suggests cuneanes could serve as isosteric replacements of trans-1,4-disubstituted cyclohexanes and 1,3-disubstituted benzenes. An analogue of the anticancer drug sonidegib was synthesized, in which the 1,2,3-trisubstituted benzene was replaced with a 1,3-disubstituted cuneane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Smith
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran D Jones
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Luke O'Brien
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P Argent
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Mina Böcü
- SpiroChem AG, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Graham N Newton
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Hon Wai Lam
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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10
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Singh V, Singh R, Hazari AS, Adhikari D. Unexplored Facet of Pincer Ligands: Super-Reductant Behavior Applied to Transition-Metal-Free Catalysis. JACS AU 2023; 3:1213-1220. [PMID: 37124293 PMCID: PMC10131200 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pincer ligands are well-established supporting ancillaries to afford robust coordination to metals across the periodic table. Despite their widespread use in developing homogeneous catalysts, the redox noninnocence of the ligand backbone is less utilized in steering catalytic transformations. This report showcases a trianionic, symmetric NNN-pincer to drive C-C cross-coupling reactions and heterocycle formation via C-H functionalization, without any coordination to transition metals. The starting substrates are aryl chlorides that can tease the limit of a catalyst's ability to promote a reductive cleavage at a much demanding potential of -2.90 V vs SCE. The reducing power of the simple trianionic ligand backbone has been tremendously amplified by shining visible light on it. The catalyst's success relies on its easy access to the one-electron oxidized iminosemiquinonate form that has been thoroughly characterized by X-band electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy through spectroelectrochemical experiments. The moderately long-lived excited-state lifetime (10.2 ns) and such a super-reductive ability dependent on the one-electron redox shuttle between the bisamido and iminosemiquinonato forms make this catalysis effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikramjeet Singh
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
| | | | - Debashis Adhikari
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar 140306, India
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11
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Borah B, Patat M, Singh V, Sivaprakash M, Prasad MS, Chowhan LR. Visible-light-induced organophotocatalytic and singlet oxygen-initiated domino construction of 1,4-dihydropyridines, C-3 functionalized spiro[indoline-3,4'-pyridines] and C-11 functionalized spiro[indeno-[1,2- b]quinoxaline-11,4'-pyridines]. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1518-1530. [PMID: 36695344 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00043e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient pot, atom, and step economical method for the construction of pharmacologically potent structurally functionalized 1,4-dihydropyridines, quaternary centered C-3 functionalized spiro[indoline-3,4'-pyridines], and C-11 functionalized spiro[indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline-11,4'-pyridines] via rose bengal photoredox catalysis under blue LED irradiation in an aqueous medium at room temperature has been developed. The products were isolated in excellent yields within a short reaction time for a variety of functional groups under transition metal- and ligand-free energy-efficient conditions in a green solvent system with high reaction mass efficiency and process mass intensity, which are the key advantages of the current work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplob Borah
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India.
| | - Mihir Patat
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India.
| | - Vipin Singh
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India.
| | - Murugesan Sivaprakash
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Tamil Nadu (CUTN), Tiruvarur-610 005, India
| | - Madavi S Prasad
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Tamil Nadu (CUTN), Tiruvarur-610 005, India
| | - L Raju Chowhan
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar-382030, India.
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12
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Wurm KW, Bartz FM, Schulig L, Bodtke A, Bednarski PJ, Link A. Replacing the oxidation-sensitive triaminoaryl chemotype of problematic K V 7 channel openers: Exploration of a nicotinamide scaffold. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200473. [PMID: 36395379 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
KV 7 channel openers have proven their therapeutic value in the treatment of pain as well as epilepsy and, moreover, they hold the potential to expand into additional indications with unmet medical needs. However, the clinically validated but meanwhile discontinued KV 7 channel openers flupirtine and retigabine bear an oxidation-sensitive triaminoraryl scaffold, which is suspected of causing adverse drug reactions via the formation of quinoid oxidation products. Here, we report the design and synthesis of nicotinamide analogs and related compounds that remediate the liability in the chemical structure of flupirtine and retigabine. Optimization of a nicotinamide lead structure yielded analogs with excellent KV 7.2/3 opening activity, as evidenced by EC50 values approaching the single-digit nanomolar range. On the other hand, weighted KV 7.2/3 opening activity data including inactive compounds allowed for the establishment of structure-activity relationships and a plausible binding mode hypothesis verified by docking and molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad W Wurm
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frieda-Marie Bartz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lukas Schulig
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anja Bodtke
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Patrick J Bednarski
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Link
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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13
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Qi D, Bai J, Song Z, Li B, Yang C, Guo L, Xia W. Photoinduced Synthesis of Functionalized Oxacyclic Spirooxindoles Via Ring Expansion. Org Lett 2023; 25:506-511. [PMID: 36637222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A versatile photochemical ring-expansion protocol for the synthesis of oxacyclic spirooxindoles under catalyst-free conditions is described. The reaction is enabled by the use of unstrained O-containing heterocycles with 3-diazoindolin-2-ones under visible-light irradiation. Several synthetic advantages for this method are exhibited, including mild conditions, good functional group tolerance, operational simplicity, and scalability. Mechanistic studies indicate that the transformation may proceed through the formation of oxonium ylide intermediate followed by an ionic cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qi
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jinrui Bai
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhuoheng Song
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lin Guo
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
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14
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Meanwell NA, Loiseleur O. Applications of Isosteres of Piperazine in the Design of Biologically Active Compounds: Part 2. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10972-11004. [PMID: 35675052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Applications of piperazine and homopiperazine in drug design are well-established, and these heterocycles have found use as both scaffolding and terminal elements and also as a means of introducing a water-solubilizing element into a molecule. In the accompanying review (10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00726), we summarized applications of piperazine and homopiperazine and their fused ring homologues in bioactive compound design along with illustrations of the use of 4-substituted piperidines and a sulfoximine-based mimetic. In this review, we discuss applications of pyrrolidine- and fused-pyrrolidine-based mimetics of piperazine and homopiperazine and illustrate derivatives of azetidine that include stretched and spirocyclic motifs, along with applications of a series of diaminocycloalkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Meanwell
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, Post Office Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Olivier Loiseleur
- Syngenta Crop Protection Research, Schaffhauserstrasse, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
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15
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Meanwell NA, Loiseleur O. Applications of Isosteres of Piperazine in the Design of Biologically Active Compounds: Part 1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10942-10971. [PMID: 35675050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Piperazine and homopiperazine are well-studied heterocycles in drug design that have found gainful application as scaffolds and terminal elements and for enhancing the aqueous solubility of a molecule. The optimization of drug candidates that incorporate these heterocycles in an effort to refine potency, selectivity, and developability properties has stimulated the design and evaluation of a wide range of bioisosteres that can offer advantage. In this review, we summarize the design and application of bioisosteres of piperazine and homopiperazine that have almost exclusively been in the drug design arena. While there are ∼100 approved drugs that incorporate a piperazine ring, only a single marketed agricultural product is built on this heterocycle. As part of the review, we discuss some of the potential reasons underlying the relatively low level of importance of this heterocycle to the design of agrochemicals and highlight the potential opportunities for their use in contemporary research programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Meanwell
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Olivier Loiseleur
- Syngenta Crop Protection Research, Schaffhauserstrasse, Stein CH-4332, Switzerland
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16
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Wang Y, Lee W, Chen YC, Zhou Y, Plise E, Migliozzi M, Crawford JJ. Turning the Other Cheek: Influence of the cis-Tetrafluorocyclohexyl Motif on Physicochemical and Metabolic Properties. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1517-1523. [PMID: 36105337 PMCID: PMC9465827 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
The targeted introduction of substituents in order to
tailor a
molecule’s pharmacologic, physicochemical, and metabolic properties
has long been of interest to medicinal chemists. The all-cis tetrafluorocyclohexyl motif—dubbed Janus face, due to its
electrostatically polarized cyclohexyl ring—represents one
such example where chemists might incorporate a metabolically stable,
polar, lipocompatible motif. To better understand its potential utility,
we have synthesized three series of matched molecular pairs (MMPs)
where each MMP differs only in the cyclohexane unit, i.e., with a
tetrafluorocyclohexyl or a standard cyclohexyl motif. With the introduction
of the facially polarized all-cis tetrafluorocyclohexyl
ring, the resulting compounds have significantly modified physicochemical
properties (e.g., kinetic solubility, lipophilicity and permeability)
and metabolic stabilities. These results further speak to the promise
of this substituent as a tactic to improve the drug-like properties
of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wendy Lee
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yuhui Zhou
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Emile Plise
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Madyson Migliozzi
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - James J. Crawford
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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17
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Cumming IA, Degorce SL, Aagaard A, Braybrooke EL, Davies NL, Diène CR, Eatherton AJ, Felstead HR, Groombridge SD, Lenz EM, Li Y, Nai Y, Pearson S, Robb GR, Scott JS, Steward OR, Wu C, Xue Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Identification and optimisation of a pyrimidopyridone series of IRAK4 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 63:116729. [PMID: 35439688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we report the discovery of a series of pyrimidopyridones as inhibitors of IRAK4 kinase. From a previously disclosed 5-azaquinazoline series, we found that switching the pyridine ring for an N-substituted pyridone gave a novel hinge binding scaffold which retained potency against IRAK4. Importantly, introduction of the carbonyl established an internal hydrogen bond with the 4-NH, establishing a conformational lock and allowing truncation of the large basic substituent to a 1-methylcyclopyl group. Subsequent optimisation, facilitated by X-ray crystal structures, allowed identification of preferred substituents at both the pyridone core and pyrazole. Subsequent combinations of optimal groups allowed control of lipophilicity and identification of potent and selective inhibitors of IRAK4 with better in vitro permeability and lower clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain A Cumming
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom.
| | - Sébastien L Degorce
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Aagaard
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Erin L Braybrooke
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Nichola L Davies
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Coura R Diène
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Eatherton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah R Felstead
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Sam D Groombridge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Eva M Lenz
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Yunxia Li
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176 PR China
| | - Youfeng Nai
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176 PR China
| | - Stuart Pearson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme R Robb
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - James S Scott
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver R Steward
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Chengyan Wu
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176 PR China
| | - Yafeng Xue
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lanping Zhang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176 PR China
| | - Yanxiu Zhang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176 PR China
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18
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Hill J, Crich D. The N,N,O-Trisubstituted Hydroxylamine Isostere and Its Influence on Lipophilicity and Related Parameters. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:799-806. [PMID: 35586423 PMCID: PMC9109164 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of substitution of an N,N,O-trisubstituted hydroxylamine (-NR-OR'-) unit for a hydrocarbon (-CHR-CH2-), ether (-CHR-OR'-), or amine (-NR-CHR'-) moiety on lipophilicity and other ADME parameters is described. A matched molecular pair analysis was conducted across five series of compounds, which showed that the replacement of carbon-carbon bonds by N,N,O-trisubstituted hydroxylamines typically leads to a reduction in logP comparable to that achieved with a tertiary amine group. In contrast, the weakly basic N,N,O-trisubstituted hydroxylamines have greater logD 7.4 values than tertiary amines. It is also demonstrated that the N,N,O-trisubstituted hydroxylamine moiety can improve metabolic stability and reduce human plasma protein binding relative to the corresponding hydrocarbon and ether units. Coupled with recent synthetic methods for hydroxylamine assembly by N-O bond formation, these results provide support for the re-evaluation of the N,N,O-trisubstituted hydroxylamine moiety in small-molecule optimization schemes in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarvis Hill
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United
States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - David Crich
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United
States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend
Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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19
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Chernykh AV, Chernykh AV, Radchenko DS, Chheda PR, Rusanov EB, Grygorenko OO, Spies MA, Volochnyuk DM, Komarov IV. A stereochemical journey around spirocyclic glutamic acid analogs. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3183-3200. [PMID: 35348173 PMCID: PMC10170626 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00146b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A practical divergent synthetic approach is reported for the library of regio- and stereoisomers of glutamic acid analogs built on the spiro[3.3]heptane scaffold. Formation of the spirocyclic scaffold was achieved starting from a common precursor - an O-silylated 2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutanone derivative. Its olefination required using the titanium-based Tebbe protocol since the standard Wittig reaction did not work with this particular substrate. The construction of the second cyclobutane ring of the spirocyclic system was achieved through either subsequent dichloroketene addition or Meinwald oxirane rearrangement as the key synthetic steps, depending on the substitution patterns in the target compounds (1,6- or 1,5-, respectively). Further modified Strecker reaction of the resulting racemic spirocyclic ketones with the Ellman's sulfinamide as a chiral auxiliary had low to moderate diastereoselectivity; nevertheless, all stereoisomers were isolated in pure form via chromatographic separation, and their absolute configuration was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Members of the library were tested for the inhibitory activity against H. pylori glutamate racemase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton V Chernykh
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine.
| | | | - Dmytro S Radchenko
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine.
| | - Pratik Rajesh Chheda
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutics and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52246, Iowa, USA
| | - Eduard B Rusanov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine.
| | - M Ashley Spies
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutics and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52246, Iowa, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52246, Iowa, USA
| | - Dmitriy M Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine. .,Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine
| | - Igor V Komarov
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine.
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20
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Malashchuk A, Chernykh AV, Perebyinis MY, Komarov IV, Grygorenko OO. Monoprotected Diamines Derived from 1,5‐Disubstituted (Aza)spiro[2.3]hexane Scaffolds. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Malashchuk
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | | | - Mariana Y. Perebyinis
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Igor V. Komarov
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
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21
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Grygorenko OO, Volochnyuk DM, Vashchenko BV. Emerging Building Blocks for Medicinal Chemistry: Recent Synthetic Advances. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Dmitriy M. Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Murmanska Street 5 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
| | - Bohdan V. Vashchenko
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
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22
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Mulamreddy R, Hou X, Chemtob S, Lubell WD. 6-Hydroxymethyl Indolizidin-2-one Amino Acid Synthesis, Conformational Analysis, and Biomedical Application as Dipeptide Surrogates in Prostaglandin-F 2α Modulators. Org Lett 2021; 23:5192-5196. [PMID: 34161105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
6-Hydroxymethyl indolizidin-2-one amino acids were synthesized in 10 steps from l-serine by intramolecular ring opening of a symmetrical epoxide and lactam formation. X-ray analyses indicated the bicycles replicated ideal peptide type II' β-turn central dihedral angle geometry. Inside a prostaglandin-F2α receptor modulator, the 6-hydroxymethyl analogue retained inhibitory activity on myometrial contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakotaiah Mulamreddy
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C3J7, Canada
| | - Xin Hou
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal H3T 1C5, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal H3T 1C5, QC, Canada
| | - William D Lubell
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C3J7, Canada
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23
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Leeson PD, Bento AP, Gaulton A, Hersey A, Manners EJ, Radoux CJ, Leach AR. Target-Based Evaluation of "Drug-Like" Properties and Ligand Efficiencies. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7210-7230. [PMID: 33983732 PMCID: PMC7610969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physicochemical descriptors commonly used to define "drug-likeness" and ligand efficiency measures are assessed for their ability to differentiate marketed drugs from compounds reported to bind to their efficacious target or targets. Using ChEMBL version 26, a data set of 643 drugs acting on 271 targets was assembled, comprising 1104 drug-target pairs having ≥100 published compounds per target. Taking into account changes in their physicochemical properties over time, drugs are analyzed according to their target class, therapy area, and route of administration. Recent drugs, approved in 2010-2020, display no overall differences in molecular weight, lipophilicity, hydrogen bonding, or polar surface area from their target comparator compounds. Drugs are differentiated from target comparators by higher potency, ligand efficiency (LE), lipophilic ligand efficiency (LLE), and lower carboaromaticity. Overall, 96% of drugs have LE or LLE values, or both, greater than the median values of their target comparator compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Leeson
- Paul Leeson Consulting Ltd, The Malt House, Main Street, Congerstone, Nuneaton, Warkwickshire CV13 6LZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Patricia Bento
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Gaulton
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Hersey
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Emma J Manners
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J Radoux
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Leach
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
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24
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Abstract
This review summaries recent synthetic developments towards spirocyclic oxindoles and applications as valuable medicinal and synthetic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Boddy
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub
- London W12 0BZ
- UK
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub
- London W12 0BZ
- UK
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25
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Abstract
Spirocyclic scaffolds are incorporated in various approved drugs and drug candidates. The increasing interest in less planar bioactive compounds has given rise to the development of synthetic methodologies for the preparation of spirocyclic scaffolds. In this Perspective, we summarize the diverse synthetic routes to obtain spirocyclic systems. The impact of spirocycles on potency and selectivity, including the aspect of stereochemistry, is discussed. Furthermore, we examine the changes in physicochemical properties as well as in in vitro and in vivo ADME using selected studies that compare spirocyclic compounds to their nonspirocyclic counterparts. In conclusion, the value of spirocyclic scaffolds in medicinal chemistry is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Hiesinger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, D-60348 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dmitry Dar'in
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, D-60348 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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26
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Degorce SL, Aagaard A, Anjum R, Cumming IA, Diène CR, Fallan C, Johnson T, Leuchowius KJ, Orton AL, Pearson S, Robb GR, Rosen A, Scarfe GB, Scott JS, Smith JM, Steward OR, Terstiege I, Tucker MJ, Turner P, Wilkinson SD, Wrigley GL, Xue Y. Improving metabolic stability and removing aldehyde oxidase liability in a 5-azaquinazoline series of IRAK4 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115815. [PMID: 33091850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we report our efforts towards improving in vitro human clearance in a series of 5-azaquinazolines through a series of C4 truncations and C2 expansions. Extensive DMPK studies enabled us to tackle high Aldehyde Oxidase (AO) metabolism and unexpected discrepancies in human hepatocyte and liver microsomal intrinsic clearance. Our efforts culminated with the discovery of 5-azaquinazoline 35, which also displayed exquisite selectivity for IRAK4, and showed synergistic in vitro activity against MyD88/CD79 double mutant ABC-DLBCL in combination with the covalent BTK inhibitor acalabrutinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien L Degorce
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States.
| | - Anna Aagaard
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Rana Anjum
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Iain A Cumming
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Coura R Diène
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Charlene Fallan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Johnson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alexandra L Orton
- DMPK, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Pearson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme R Robb
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Rosen
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Graeme B Scarfe
- DMPK, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - James S Scott
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - James M Smith
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver R Steward
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Ina Terstiege
- Medicinal Chemistry, R&I, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Michael J Tucker
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Turner
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen D Wilkinson
- DMPK, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Gail L Wrigley
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Unit 310 Darwin Building, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Yafeng Xue
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
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27
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Synthesis of (R) and (S)-3-Chloro-5-(3-methylmorpholino)-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-ones. MOLBANK 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/m1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reaction of 3,5-dichloro-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one with (R) and (S)-3-methylmorpholines (2 equiv), in THF, at ca. 20 °C gave (R) and (S)-3-chloro-5-(3-methylmorpholino)-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-ones in 95 and 97% yields, respectively. The new compounds were fully characterized.
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