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Manzano VE, Dada L, Uhrig ML, Varela O. Synthesis of sugar enones and their use as powerful synthetic precursors of thiodisaccharides. Carbohydr Res 2023; 529:108833. [PMID: 37216699 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Monosaccharide derivatives having a double bond conjugated to a carbonyl (sugar enones or enuloses) are relevant synthetic tools. They are also suitable starting materials, or versatile intermediates, for the synthesis of a wide variety of natural or synthetic compounds with a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities. The preparation of enones is mainly focused on the search for more efficient and diastereoselective synthetic methodologies. The usefulness of enuloses relies on the diverse reaction possibilities offered by alkene and carbonyl double bonds, which are prone to undergo varied reactions such as halogenation, nitration, epoxidation, reduction, addition, etc. The addition of thiol groups that led to sulfur glycomimetics, such as thiooligosaccharides, is particularly relevant. Therefore, the synthesis of enuloses and the Michael addition of sulfur nucleophiles to give thiosugars or thiodisaccharides are discussed here. Chemical modifications of the conjugate addition products to afford biologically active compounds are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica E Manzano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Dada
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Laura Uhrig
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Oscar Varela
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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2
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Camp JE, Greatrex BW. Levoglucosenone: Bio-Based Platform for Drug Discovery. Front Chem 2022; 10:902239. [PMID: 35711952 PMCID: PMC9194561 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.902239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Levoglucosone (LGO) is a bio-privileged molecule that can be produced on scale from waste biomass. This chiral building block has been converted via well-established chemical processes into previously difficult-to-synthesize building blocks such as enantiopure butenolides, dihydropyrans, substituted cyclopropanes, deoxy-sugars and ribonolactones. LGO is an excellent starting material for the synthesis of biologically active compounds, including those which have anti-cancer, anti-microbial or anti-inflammatory activity. This review will cover the conversion of LGO to biologically active compounds as well as provide future research directions related to this platform molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E. Camp
- Circa Sustainable Chemicals, York, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Jason E. Camp,
| | - Ben W. Greatrex
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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3
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G AC, Gondru R, Li Y, Banothu J. Coumarin-benzimidazole hybrids: A review of developments in medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 227:113921. [PMID: 34715585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Coumarin and benzimidazole are privileged structures in medicinal chemistry and are widely used in drug discovery and development due to their vast biological properties. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the individual scaffolds can be improved by developing coumarin-benzimidazole chimeric molecules via molecular hybridization approach. The three major classes of coumarin-benzimidazole hybrids are merged, fused and spacer-linked hybrids. Depending on the substitution position, fused hybrids and spacer-linked hybrids can be further classified as coumarin-C3 hybrids, coumarin-C4 hybrids and coumarin-C5/6/7/8 hybrids. Most of the coumarin-benzimidazole hybrid molecules exhibited potent anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, antitubercular, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticonvulsant and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activities. The fused coumarin-C3 hybrid (2), thiomethylene-linked coumarin-C3 hybrid (45), N-glucoside substituted thiomethylene-linked coumarin-C3 hybrid (37c), amide-linked coumarin-C3 hybrid (50a), and sulfonylmethylene-linked coumarin-C4 hybrid (63) were identified as the representative potent anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant and antitubercular agents respectively. The biological properties of the different classes of coumarin-benzimidazole hybrids with their structure-activity relationship studies and the mechanism of action studies were presented in this review, aiming to help the researchers across the globe to generate future hybrid molecules as potential drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya C G
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode, 673601, Kerala, India
| | - Ramesh Gondru
- Environmental Monitoring & Exposure Assessment (Air) Laboratory, ICMR-NIREH, Bhopal, 462030, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Yupeng Li
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States.
| | - Janardhan Banothu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode, 673601, Kerala, India.
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4
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Larroza A, Krüger R, Fronza MG, Pesarico AP, de Oliveira DH, Savegnago L, Alves D. Synthesis of sulfamoyl-triazolyl-carboxamides as pharmacological myeloperoxidase inhibitors. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01926d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfamoyl-triazolyl-carboxamides were synthesized using DBU as a catalyst, and their molecular docking and MPO activity analyses were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allya Larroza
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, P. O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberta Krüger
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, P. O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana G. Fronza
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia - GPN, CDTec, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Pesarico
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia - GPN, CDTec, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela H. de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, P. O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia - GPN, CDTec, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, P. O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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5
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Delbart DI, Giri GF, Cammarata A, Bareño LA, Amigo NL, Bechis A, Suarez AG, Spanevello RÁ, Todaro LB, Urtreger AJ. Antineoplastic activity of products derived from cellulose-containing materials: levoglucosenone and structurally-related derivatives as new alternatives for breast cancer treatment. Invest New Drugs 2021; 40:30-41. [PMID: 34478029 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. For this reason, the development of new therapies is still essential. In this work we have analyzed the antitumor potential of levoglucosenone, a chiral building block derived from the pyrolysis of cellulose-containing materials such as soybean hulls, and three structurally related analogues. Employing human and murine mammary cancer models, we have evaluated the effect of our compounds on cell viability through MTS assay, apoptosis induction by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining and/or flow cytometry and the loss of mitochondrial potential by tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester staining. Autophagy and senescence induction were also evaluated by Western blot and β-galactosidase activity respectively. Secreted metalloproteases activity was determined by quantitative zymography. Migratory capacity was assessed by wound healing assays while invasive potential was analyzed using Matrigel-coated transwell chambers. In vivo studies were also performed to evaluate subcutaneous tumor growth and experimental lung colonization. All compounds impaired in vitro proliferation with IC50 values in a range of low micromolar. Apoptosis was identified as the main mechanism responsible for the reduction of monolayer cell content induced by the compounds without detecting modulations of autophagy or senescence processes. Two of the four compounds (levoglucosenone and its brominated variant) were able to modulate in vitro events associated with tumor progression, such as migratory potential, invasiveness, and proteases secretion. Furthermore, tumor volume and metastatic spread were significantly reduced in vivo after the treatment these two compounds. Here, we could obtain from soybean hulls, a material with almost no commercial value, a variety of chemical compounds useful for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Ignacio Delbart
- Área Investigación, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 5481, C1417DTB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - German Francisco Giri
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Química de Rosario, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Agostina Cammarata
- Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, San Martín, Argentina
| | - Lizeth Ariza Bareño
- Área Investigación, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 5481, C1417DTB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Loreley Amigo
- Área Investigación, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 5481, C1417DTB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Bechis
- Área Investigación, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 5481, C1417DTB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Graciela Suarez
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Química de Rosario, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Rosario, Argentina.,The Scientific Research Career of the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rolando Ángel Spanevello
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Instituto de Química de Rosario, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Rosario, Argentina.,The Scientific Research Career of the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Beatriz Todaro
- Área Investigación, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 5481, C1417DTB, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,The Scientific Research Career of the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Jorge Urtreger
- Área Investigación, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 5481, C1417DTB, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,The Scientific Research Career of the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Ahuja-Casarín AI, Merino-Montiel P, Vega-Baez JL, Montiel-Smith S, Fernandes MX, Lagunes I, Maya I, Padrón JM, López Ó, Fernández-Bolaños JG. Tuning the activity of iminosugars: novel N-alkylated deoxynojirimycin derivatives as strong BuChE inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:138-146. [PMID: 33228403 PMCID: PMC7717699 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1847101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have designed unprecedented cholinesterase inhibitors based on 1-deoxynojirimycin as potential anti-Alzheimer’s agents. Compounds are comprised of three key structural motifs: the iminosugar, for interaction with cholinesterase catalytic anionic site (CAS); a hydrocarbon tether with variable lengths, and a fragment derived from 2-phenylethanol for promoting interactions with peripheral anionic site (PAS). Title compounds exhibited good selectivity towards BuChE, strongly depending on the substitution pattern and the length of the tether. The lead compounds were found to be strong mixed inhibitors of BuChE (IC50 = 1.8 and 1.9 µM). The presumptive binding mode of the lead compound was analysed using molecular docking simulations, revealing H-bond interactions with the catalytic subsite (His438) and CAS (Trp82 and Glu197) and van der Waals interactions with PAS (Thr284, Pro285, Asn289). They also lacked significant antiproliferative activity against tumour and non-tumour cells at 100 µM, making them promising new agents for tackling Alzheimer’s disease through the cholinergic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Ahuja-Casarín
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Penélope Merino-Montiel
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - José Luis Vega-Baez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Sara Montiel-Smith
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Miguel X Fernandes
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Irene Lagunes
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Inés Maya
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Óscar López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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7
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Pratesi D, Sodini A, Matassini C, Cardona F, Angeli A, Carta F, Ferraroni M, Supuran CT, Goti A. Synthesis of Azasugar–Sulfonamide conjugates and their Evaluation as Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrases: the Azasugar Approach to Selectivity. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debora Pratesi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” Università degli Studi di Firenze Via della Lastruccia 3–13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI Italy
| | - Andrea Sodini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” Università degli Studi di Firenze Via della Lastruccia 3–13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI Italy
| | - Camilla Matassini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” Università degli Studi di Firenze Via della Lastruccia 3–13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI Italy
- associated with LENS Via N. Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI Italy
| | - Francesca Cardona
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” Università degli Studi di Firenze Via della Lastruccia 3–13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI Italy
- associated with LENS Via N. Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI Italy
- associated with Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale di Ricerca in Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi (CINMPIS) 70100 Bari Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche Università degli Studi di Firenze Via U. Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche Università degli Studi di Firenze Via U. Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI Italy
| | - Marta Ferraroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” Università degli Studi di Firenze Via della Lastruccia 3–13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche Università degli Studi di Firenze Via U. Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI Italy
| | - Andrea Goti
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff” Università degli Studi di Firenze Via della Lastruccia 3–13 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI Italy
- associated with LENS Via N. Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI Italy
- associated with Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale di Ricerca in Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi (CINMPIS) 70100 Bari Italy
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8
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Gill DM, R Povinelli AP, Zazeri G, Shamir SA, Mahmoud AM, Wilkinson FL, Alexander MY, L Cornelio M, Jones AM. The modulatory role of sulfated and non-sulfated small molecule heparan sulfate-glycomimetics in endothelial dysfunction: absolute structural clarification, molecular docking and simulated dynamics, SAR analyses and ADMET studies. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:779-790. [PMID: 34124676 PMCID: PMC8152814 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00366b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The conceptual technology of small molecule glycomimetics, exemplified by compounds C1-4, has shown promising protective effects against lipid-induced endothelial dysfunction, restorative effects on diabetic endothelial colony forming cells, and preventative effects on downstream vascular calcification amongst other important in vitro and ex vivo studies. We report the optimised synthesis of an array of 17 small molecule glycomimetics, including the regio-, enantio- and diastereo-meric sulfated scaffolds of a hit structure along with novel desulfated examples. For the first time, the absolute stereochemical configurations of C1-4 have been clarified based on an identified and consistent anomaly with the Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation reaction. We have investigated the role and importance of sulfation pattern, location, regioisomers, and spatial orientation of distal sulfate groups on the modulation of endothelial dysfunction through their interaction with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). In silico studies demonstrated the key interactions the persulfated glycomimetics make with HGF and revealed the importance of both sulfate density and positioning (both point chirality and vector) to biological activity. In vitro biological data of the most efficient binding motifs, along with desulfated comparators, support the modulatory effects of sulfated small molecule glycomimetics in the downstream signaling cascade of endothelial dysfunction. In vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicity (ADMET) data demonstrate the glycomimetic approach to be a promising approach for hit-to-lead studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Gill
- School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham Edgbaston B15 2TT UK +44(0)121 414 7288
| | - Ana Paula R Povinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham Edgbaston B15 2TT UK +44(0)121 414 7288
- Departamento de Física - IBILCE Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265 CEP 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Gabriel Zazeri
- School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham Edgbaston B15 2TT UK +44(0)121 414 7288
- Departamento de Física - IBILCE Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265 CEP 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Sabrina A Shamir
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University M1 5GD UK
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University Egypt
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Centre for Biomedicine, Manchester Metropolitan University M1 5GD UK
| | - Fiona L Wilkinson
- Centre for Biomedicine, Manchester Metropolitan University M1 5GD UK
| | | | - Marinonio L Cornelio
- Departamento de Física - IBILCE Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265 CEP 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Alan M Jones
- School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham Edgbaston B15 2TT UK +44(0)121 414 7288
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9
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Gabr MT, Machalz D, Pach S, Wolber G. A benzoxazole derivative as an inhibitor of anaerobic choline metabolism by human gut microbiota. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:1402-1412. [PMID: 34095847 PMCID: PMC8126876 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00218f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic pathways mediated by human gut bacteria have emerged as potential therapeutic targets because of their association with the pathophysiology of various human diseases. The anaerobic transformation of choline into trimethylamine (TMA) by gut microbiota is directly linked to type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular diseases. Structural analogs of choline have been developed as competitive inhibitors of choline TMA-lyase (CutC), a key enzyme for the conversion of choline to TMA. However, weak to moderate CutC inhibitory profiles of the choline analogs limit their further advancement into clinical translation. In this study, we introduce a glycomimetic-based approach for the identification of CutC inhibitors with intestinal metabolic stability. Our workflow started with screening of a small library of glycomimetics for metabolic stability in the presence of human intestinal S9 fraction. Further screening using an in vitro CutC inhibitory assay identified a benzoxazole ligand (BO-I) as a CutC inhibitor with an IC50 value of 2.4 ± 0.3 μM. Kinetic analysis revealed that BO-I functions as a non-competitive inhibitor of CutC. Interestingly, BO-I reduced the production of TMA in whole cell assays of multiple bacterial strains as well as in complex biological environments. Therefore, structural optimization of BO-I holds promise for the development of efficient gut microbiota-targeted small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa T Gabr
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - David Machalz
- Freie Universitaet Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry (Computer-Aided Drug Design) Berlin Germany
| | - Szymon Pach
- Freie Universitaet Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry (Computer-Aided Drug Design) Berlin Germany
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Freie Universitaet Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry (Computer-Aided Drug Design) Berlin Germany
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10
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Mondal S, Malakar S. Synthesis of sulfonamide and their synthetic and therapeutic applications: Recent advances. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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