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Mi S, Guo J, Hu G, Wang G, Li S, Gong Z, Jin S, Xu R, Pang F, Ji W, Yu W, Wang X, Wang X, Yang H, Cheng Z. Real-Space Topology-Engineering of Skyrmionic Spin Textures in a van der Waals Ferromagnet Fe 3GaTe 2. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 39361809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c04031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Realizing magnetic skyrmions in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnets offers unparalleled prospects for future spintronic applications. The room-temperature ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2 provides an ideal platform for tailoring these magnetic solitons. Here, skyrmions of distinct topological charges are artificially introduced and engineered by using magnetic force microscopy (MFM). The skyrmion lattice is realized by a specific field-cooling process and can be further erased and painted via delicate manipulation of the tip stray field. The skyrmion lattice with opposite topological charges (S = ±1) can be tailored at the target regions to form topological skyrmion junctions (TSJs) with specific configurations. The delicate interplay of TSJs and spin-polarized device current were finally investigated via the in situ transport measurements, alongside the topological stability of TSJs. Our results demonstrate that Fe3GaTe2 not only serves as a potential building block for skyrmion-based spintronic devices, but also presents prospects for Fe3GaTe2-based heterostructures with the engineered topological spin textures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Mi
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Jianfeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guojing Hu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guangcheng Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Songyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Zizhao Gong
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shuaizhao Jin
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Fei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Weiqiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xueyun Wang
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhihai Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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Samardak AS, Ognev AV, Kolesnikov AG, Stebliy ME, Samardak VY, Iliushin IG, Pervishko AA, Yudin D, Platunov M, Ono T, Wilhelm F, Rogalev A. XMCD and ab initio study of interface-engineered ultrathin Ru/Co/W/Ru films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and strong Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:8225-8232. [PMID: 35319030 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05456b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the nature of recently discovered spin-orbital induced phenomena and a definition of a general approach for "ferromagnet/heavy-metal" layered systems to enhance and manipulate spin-orbit coupling, spin-orbit torque, and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) assisted by atomic-scale interface engineering are essential for developing spintronics and spin-orbitronics. Here, we exploit X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectroscopy at the L2,3-edges of 5d and 4d non-magnetic heavy metals (W and Ru, respectively) in ultrathin Ru/Co/W/Ru films to determine their induced magnetic moments due to the proximity to the ferromagnetic layer of Co. The deduced orbital and spin magnetic moments agree well with the theoretically predicted values, highlighting the drastic effect of constituting layers on the system's magnetic properties and the strong interfacial DMI in Ru/Co/W/Ru films. As a result, we demonstrate the ability to simultaneously control the strength of magnetic anisotropy and intermixing-enhanced DMI through the interface engineered inversion asymmetry in thin-film chiral ferromagnets, which are a potential host for stable magnetic skyrmions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Samardak
- Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Alexey V Ognev
- Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Alexander G Kolesnikov
- Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Maksim E Stebliy
- Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Vadim Yu Samardak
- Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Ilia G Iliushin
- Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | | | - Dmitry Yudin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Platunov
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,Synchrotron radiation facility SKIF, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 630559 Kol'tsovo, Russia.
| | - Teruo Ono
- Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia. .,Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fabrice Wilhelm
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Andrey Rogalev
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Zhang H, Raftrey D, Chan YT, Shao YT, Chen R, Chen X, Huang X, Reichanadter JT, Dong K, Susarla S, Caretta L, Chen Z, Yao J, Fischer P, Neaton JB, Wu W, Muller DA, Birgeneau RJ, Ramesh R. Room-temperature skyrmion lattice in a layered magnet (Fe 0.5Co 0.5) 5GeTe 2. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm7103. [PMID: 35319983 PMCID: PMC8942374 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm7103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Novel magnetic ground states have been stabilized in two-dimensional (2D) magnets such as skyrmions, with the potential next-generation information technology. Here, we report the experimental observation of a Néel-type skyrmion lattice at room temperature in a single-phase, layered 2D magnet, specifically a 50% Co-doped Fe5GeTe2 (FCGT) system. The thickness-dependent magnetic domain size follows Kittel's law. The static spin textures and spin dynamics in FCGT nanoflakes were studied by Lorentz electron microscopy, variable-temperature magnetic force microscopy, micromagnetic simulations, and magnetotransport measurements. Current-induced skyrmion lattice motion was observed at room temperature, with a threshold current density, jth = 1 × 106 A/cm2. This discovery of a skyrmion lattice at room temperature in a noncentrosymmetric material opens the way for layered device applications and provides an ideal platform for studies of topological and quantum effects in 2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David Raftrey
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Physics Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Ying-Ting Chan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Yu-Tsun Shao
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Xiang Chen
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan T. Reichanadter
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kaichen Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sandhya Susarla
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lucas Caretta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Zhen Chen
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peter Fischer
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Physics Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Neaton
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Weida Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - David A. Muller
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Robert J. Birgeneau
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Stenning KD, Gartside JC, Dion T, Vanstone A, Arroo DM, Branford WR. Magnonic Bending, Phase Shifting and Interferometry in a 2D Reconfigurable Nanodisk Crystal. ACS NANO 2021; 15:674-685. [PMID: 33320533 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Strongly interacting nanomagnetic systems are pivotal across next-generation technologies including reconfigurable magnonics and neuromorphic computation. Controlling magnetization states and local coupling between neighboring nanoelements allows vast reconfigurability and a host of associated functionalities. However, existing designs typically suffer from an inability to tailor interelement coupling post-fabrication and nanoelements restricted to a pair of Ising-like magnetization states. Here, we propose a class of reconfigurable magnonic crystals incorporating nanodisks as the functional element. Ferromagnetic nanodisks are crucially bistable in macrospin and vortex states, allowing interelement coupling to be selectively activated (macrospin) or deactivated (vortex). Through microstate engineering, we leverage the distinct coupling behaviors and magnonic band structures of bistable nanodisks to achieve reprogrammable magnonic waveguiding, bending, gating, and phase-shifting across a 2D network. The potential of nanodisk-based magnonics for wave-based computation is demonstrated via an all-magnon interferometer exhibiting XNOR logic functionality. Local microstate control is achieved here via topological magnetic writing using a magnetic force microscope tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian D Stenning
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jack C Gartside
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Troy Dion
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Vanstone
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Daan M Arroo
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
| | - Will R Branford
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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