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Qiu L, Si G, Bao X, Liu J, Guan M, Wu Y, Qi X, Xing G, Dai Z, Bao Q, Li G. Interfacial engineering of halide perovskites and two-dimensional materials. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:212-247. [PMID: 36468561 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00218c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Recently, halide perovskites (HPs) and layered two-dimensional (2D) materials have received significant attention from industry and academia alike. HPs are emerging materials that have exciting photoelectric properties, such as a high absorption coefficient, rapid carrier mobility and high photoluminescence quantum yields, making them excellent candidates for various optoelectronic applications. 2D materials possess confined carrier mobility in 2D planes and are widely employed in nanostructures to achieve interfacial modification. HP/2D material interfaces could potentially reveal unprecedented interfacial properties, including light absorbance with desired spectral overlap, tunable carrier dynamics and modified stability, which may lead to several practical applications. In this review, we attempt to provide a comprehensive perspective on the development of interfacial engineering of HP/2D material interfaces. Specifically, we highlight the recent progress in HP/2D material interfaces considering their architectures, electronic energetics tuning and interfacial properties, discuss the potential applications of these interfaces and analyze the challenges and future research directions of interfacial engineering of HP/2D material interfaces. This review links the fields of HPs and 2D materials through interfacial engineering to provide insights into future innovations and their great potential applications in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiu
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Guangyuan Si
- Melbourne Center for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Xiaozhi Bao
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Mengyu Guan
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yiwen Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xiang Qi
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Optoelectronic, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Zhigao Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China. .,Shenzhen Institute, China University of Geosciences, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Qiaoliang Bao
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.,Nanjing kLight Laser Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210032, China.
| | - Guogang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China. .,Zhejiang Institute, China University of Geosciences, Hangzhou 311305, China
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Kim H, Im J, Nam K, Han GH, Park JY, Yoo S, Haddadnezhad M, Park S, Park W, Ahn JS, Park D, Jeong MS, Choi S. Plasmon-exciton couplings in the MoS 2/AuNP plasmonic hybrid structure. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22252. [PMID: 36564476 PMCID: PMC9789063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding and engineering of the plasmon-exciton coupling are necessary to control the innovative optoelectronic device platform. In this study, we investigated the intertwined mechanism of each plasmon-exciton couplings in monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and plasmonic hybrid structure. The results of absorption, simulation, electrostatics, and emission spectra show that interaction between photoexcited carrier and exciton modes are successfully coupled by energy transfer and exciton recombination processes. Especially, neutral exciton, trion, and biexciton can be selectively enhanced by designing the plasmonic hybrid platform. All of these results imply that there is another degree of freedom to control the individual enhancement of each exciton mode in the development of nano optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuntae Kim
- grid.412977.e0000 0004 0532 7395Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseung Im
- grid.412977.e0000 0004 0532 7395Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Kiin Nam
- grid.412977.e0000 0004 0532 7395Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Gang Hee Han
- grid.412977.e0000 0004 0532 7395Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Park
- grid.412977.e0000 0004 0532 7395Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjae Yoo
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - MohammadNavid Haddadnezhad
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Park
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Woongkyu Park
- grid.482524.d0000 0004 0614 4232Medical and Bio Photonics Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI), Gwangju, 61007 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Ahn
- grid.482524.d0000 0004 0614 4232Medical and Bio Photonics Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI), Gwangju, 61007 Republic of Korea
| | - Doojae Park
- grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Department of Applied Optics and Physics, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252 Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Seok Jeong
- grid.49606.3d0000 0001 1364 9317Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea ,grid.49606.3d0000 0001 1364 9317Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Soobong Choi
- grid.412977.e0000 0004 0532 7395Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
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Li S, Chui KK, Shen F, Huang H, Wen S, Yam C, Shao L, Xu J, Wang J. Generation and Detection of Strain-Localized Excitons in WS 2 Monolayer by Plasmonic Metal Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2022; 16:10647-10656. [PMID: 35816169 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Excitons in a transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayer can be modulated through strain with spatial and spectral control, which offers opportunities for constructing quantum emitters for applications in on-chip quantum communication and information processing. Strain-localized excitons in TMDC monolayers have so far mainly been observed under cryogenic conditions because of their subwavelength emission area, low quantum yield, and thermal-fluctuation-induced delocalization. Herein, we demonstrate both generation and detection of strain-localized excitons in WS2 monolayer through a simple plasmonic structure design, where WS2 monolayer covers individual Au nanodisks or nanorods. Enhanced emission from the strain-localized excitons of the deformed WS2 monolayer near the plasmonic hotspots is observed at room temperature with a photoluminescence energy redshift up to 200 meV. The emission intensity and peak energy of the strain-localized excitons can be adjusted by the nanodisk size. Furthermore, the excitation and emission polarization of the strain-localized excitons are modulated by anisotropic Au nanorods. Our results provide a promising strategy for constructing nonclassical integrated light sources, high-sensitivity strain sensors, or tunable nanolasers for future dense nanophotonic integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- Shenzhen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Shenzhen 518131, China
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ka Kit Chui
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Fuhuan Shen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - He Huang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Shizheng Wen
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - ChiYung Yam
- Shenzhen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Shenzhen 518131, China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Shao
- Shenzhen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Shenzhen 518131, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jianbin Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
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4
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Pan R, Kang J, Li Y, Zhang Z, Li R, Yang Y. Highly Enhanced Photoluminescence of Monolayer MoS 2 in Plasmonic Hybrids with Double-Layer Stacked Ag Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:12495-12503. [PMID: 35175732 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a feasible method was proposed to prepare MoS2-based plasmonic hybrid systems with high photoluminescence (PL) emission enhancement. The enhancement effect of plasmonic hybrids on the PL emission of MoS2 has been systematically studied on MoS2/Ag spherical nanoparticle (SP) hybrid systems with different architectures by changing the stacking position of Ag SPs. It is demonstrated that the sandwich-like hybrid composed of monolayer MoS2 and dielectric Al2O3 layer between two layers of Ag SPs has the highest PL enhancement. Remarkably, after adding an Al2O3 layer under MoS2, the PL intensity enhancement up to 209 times was achieved in the sandwich-like hybrid system. Compared with the hybrid with single-layer SPs, the sandwich-like hybrid system with double-layer Ag SPs exhibited an obvious blue shift as a result of the selective enhancement of the A0 exciton in MoS2. These results demonstrate that MoS2/Ag SP hybrid nanosystems have significant implications for sensing and photoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhao Pan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 603, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianyu Kang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 603, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yutong Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhongshan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 603, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Renfei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 603, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 603, Beijing 100190, China
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5
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Du B, Li Y, Jiang M, Zhang H, Wu L, Wen W, Liu Z, Fang Z, Yu T. Polarization-Dependent Purcell Enhancement on a Two-Dimensional h-BN/WS 2 Light Emitter with a Dielectric Plasmonic Nanocavity. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1649-1655. [PMID: 35107290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Integrating two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) into dielectric plasmonic nanostructures enables the miniaturization of on-chip nanophotonic devices. Here we report on a high-quality light emitter based on the newly designed 2D h-BN/WS2 heterostructure integrated with an array of TiO2 nanostripes. Different from a traditional strongly coupled system such as the TMDCs/metallic plasmonic nanostructure, we first employ dielectric nanocavities and achieve a Purcell enhancement on the nanoscale at room temperature. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the light emission strength can be effectively controlled by tuning the polarization configuration. Such a polarization dependence meanwhile could be proof of the resonant energy transfer theory of dipole-dipole coupling between TMDCs and a dielectric nanostructure. This work gains experimental and simulated insights into modified spontaneous emission with dielectric nanoplasmonic platforms, presenting a promising route toward practical applications of 2D semiconducting photonic emitters on a silica-based chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Du
- School of Physics Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yu Li
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Jiang
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Lishu Wu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Wen Wen
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Zheyu Fang
- School of Physics, State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yu
- School of Physics Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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6
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Huang PY, Qin JK, Zhu CY, Zhen L, Xu CY. 2D-1D mixed-dimensional heterostructures: progress, device applications and perspectives. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:493001. [PMID: 34479213 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac2388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted broad interests and been extensively exploited for a variety of functional applications. Moreover, one-dimensional (1D) atomic crystals can also be integrated into 2D templates to create mixed-dimensional heterostructures, and the versatility of combinations provides 2D-1D heterostructures plenty of intriguing physical properties, making them promising candidate to construct novel electronic and optoelectronic nanodevices. In this review, we first briefly present an introduction of relevant fabrication methods and structural configurations for 2D-1D heterostructures integration. We then discuss the emerged intriguing physics, including high optical absorption, efficient carrier separation, fast charge transfer and plasmon-exciton interconversion. Their potential applications such as electronic/optoelectronic devices, photonic devices, spintronic devices and gas sensors, are also discussed. Finally, we provide a brief perspective for the future opportunities and challenges in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Huang
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Kai Qin
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Yi Zhu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhen
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Yan Xu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
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7
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MoS 2 with Stable Photoluminescence Enhancement under Stretching via Plasmonic Surface Lattice Resonance. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071698. [PMID: 34203481 PMCID: PMC8307818 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, by combining a large-area MoS2 monolayer with silver plasmonic nanostructures in a deformable polydimethylsiloxane substrate, we theoretically and experimentally studied the photoluminescence (PL) enhancement of MoS2 by surface lattice resonance (SLR) modes of different silver plasmonic nanostructures. We also observed the stable PL enhancement of MoS2 by silver nanodisc arrays under differently applied stretching strains, caused by the mechanical holding effect of the MoS2 monolayer. We believe the results presented herein can guarantee the possibility of stably enhancing the light emission of transition metal dichalcogenides using SLR modes in a deformable platform.
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8
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Wang Y, Wang Q, Wang Q, Wang Y, Li Z, Lan X, Dong J, Gao W, Han Q, Zhang Z. Dynamically adjustable-induced THz circular dichroism and biosensing application of symmetric silicon-graphene-metal composite nanostructures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:8087-8097. [PMID: 33820261 DOI: 10.1364/oe.419614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Induced circular dichroism (ICD) has been used to detect biomolecular conformations through the coupling between chiral molecules and achiral metal nanostructures with the localized surface plasmon (LSP). However, this ICD is always weak and cannot be dynamically adjusted. Here, we put dielectric and graphene nanostructures on a metal-substrate for restricting more light energies and obtaining dynamic adjustable performance. A composite nanostructure array composed of achiral silicon-nanorods on a metal-substrate and graphene-ribbons (ASMG) is theoretically investigated. Two strong ICD signals appear in the THz region. Near-field magnetic distributions of ASMG reveal that the two strong ICD signals are mainly due to the surface plasmon resonances (SPPs) on the metal-substrate and LSP in the graphene nanostructures, respectively. The ICD signals strongly depend on the geometric parameters of ASMG and are dynamically adjusted by just changing the Fermi levels of graphene-ribbons. In addition, left-handed ASMG and right-handed ASMG can be used to identify the chiral molecular solutions with different chiralities. The maximum enhancement factor of the chiral molecular solutions could reach up to 3500 times in the THz region. These results can help to design dynamically adjustable THz chiral sensors and promote their application in biological monitoring and asymmetric catalysis.
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Yang Y, Pan R, Tian S, Gu C, Li J. Plasmonic Hybrids of MoS 2 and 10-nm Nanogap Arrays for Photoluminescence Enhancement. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11121109. [PMID: 33333895 PMCID: PMC7765256 DOI: 10.3390/mi11121109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Monolayer MoS2 has attracted tremendous interest, in recent years, due to its novel physical properties and applications in optoelectronic and photonic devices. However, the nature of the atomic-thin thickness of monolayer MoS2 limits its optical absorption and emission, thereby hindering its optoelectronic applications. Hybridizing MoS2 by plasmonic nanostructures is a critical route to enhance its photoluminescence. In this work, the hybrid nanostructure has been proposed by transferring the monolayer MoS2 onto the surface of 10-nm-wide gold nanogap arrays fabricated using the shadow deposition method. By taking advantage of the localized surface plasmon resonance arising in the nanogaps, a photoluminescence enhancement of ~20-fold was achieved through adjusting the length of nanogaps. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of a giant photoluminescence enhancement for this hybrid of MoS2/10-nm nanogap arrays, promising its further applications in photodetectors, sensors, and emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 603, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.Y.); (R.P.); (S.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Ruhao Pan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 603, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.Y.); (R.P.); (S.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Shibing Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 603, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.Y.); (R.P.); (S.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Changzhi Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 603, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.Y.); (R.P.); (S.T.); (C.G.)
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 603, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.Y.); (R.P.); (S.T.); (C.G.)
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
- Correspondence:
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