1
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Gürel U, Keten S, Giuntoli A. Bidispersity Improves the Toughness and Impact Resistance of Star-Polymer Thin Films. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:302-307. [PMID: 38373272 PMCID: PMC10956491 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Branched polymer architectures are used to tune the mechanical properties of impact-resistant thin films through parameters, such as chain length and grafting density. While chain dispersity affects molecular properties, such as interpenetration and entanglements, structure-property relationships accounting for dispersity are challenging to obtain experimentally and are often neglected in computational models. We employ molecular dynamics simulations to model the high-rate tensile elongation and nanoballistic impact of thin films composed of bidisperse star polymers with varying arm lengths. We find that, at fixed molecular weight, high dispersity can significantly enhance the toughness and impact resistance of the films without decreasing their elastic modulus. Bidisperse stars with fewer longer arms are less entangled, but stretch and interpenetrate for longer times during crazing, leading to increased toughness. These findings highlight controlled dispersity as a design strategy to improve the mechanical properties of polymer composites across Pareto fronts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utku Gürel
- University
of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sinan Keten
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3109, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern
University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3109, United States
| | - Andrea Giuntoli
- University
of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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2
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Xiao K, Zhang P, Hu D, Huang C, Wu X. Micron-Thick Interlocked Carbon Nanotube Films with Excellent Impact Resistance via Micro-Ballistic Impact. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302403. [PMID: 37211706 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The highest specific energy absorption (SEA) of interlocked micron-thickness carbon nanotube (IMCNT) films subjected to micro-ballistic impact is reported in this paper. The SEA of the IMCNT films ranges from 0.8 to 1.6 MJ kg-1 , the greatest value for micron-thickness films to date. The multiple deformation-induced dissipation channels at the nanoscale involving disorder-to-order transition, frictional sliding, and entanglement of CNT fibrils contribute to the ultra-high SEA of the IMCNT. Furthermore, an anomalous thickness dependency of the SEA is observed, that is, the SEA increases with increasing thickness, which should be ascribed to the exponential growth in nano-interface that further boosts the energy dissipation efficiency as the film thickness increases. The results indicate that the developed IMCNT overcomes the size-dependent impact resistance of traditional materials and demonstrates great potential as a bulletproof material for high-performance flexible armor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailu Xiao
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Dongmei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chenguang Huang
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xianqian Wu
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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3
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Hao W, Zhao Y, Miao L, Cheng G, Zhao G, Li J, Sang Y, Li J, Zhao C, He X, Sui C, Wang C. Multiple Impact-Resistant 2D Covalent Organic Framework. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1416-1423. [PMID: 36652343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exploring and designing two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials for armor-piercing protection has become a research focus. Here, by molecular dynamics simulation, we revealed that the ultralight monolayer covalent organic framework (COF), one kind of novel 2D crystalline polymer, possesses superior impact-resistant capability under high-velocity impact. The calculated specific penetration energy is much higher than that of other traditional impact-resistant materials, such as steel, poly(methyl methacrylate), Kevlar, etc. It was found that the hexagonal nanopores integrated by polymer chains have large deformation compatibility resulting from flexible torsion and stretching, which can remarkably contribute to the energy dissipation. In addition, the deformable nanopores can effectively restrain the crack propagation, enable COF to resist multiple impacts. This work uncovers the extreme dynamic responses of COF under high-velocity impact and provides theoretical guidance for designing superstrong 2D polymer-based crystalline nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhe Hao
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150001, China
| | - Yushun Zhao
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150001, China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150080, China
| | - Linlin Miao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150080, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150080, China
| | - Guoxin Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150080, China
| | - Junjiao Li
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150001, China
| | - Yuna Sang
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150001, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150080, China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150080, China
| | - Xiaodong He
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150080, China
| | - Chao Sui
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150080, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150001, China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150080, China
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4
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Shan W, Xiao K, Thomas EL. Influence of Entanglements on Ultrahigh Strain Rate Deformation of Polystyrene Microprojectiles. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Shan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Kailu Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Edwin L. Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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5
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Shan W, Weisbord I, Feng X, Hyon J, Manesi GM, Avgeropoulos A, Segal-Peretz T, Thomas EL. Layered Thin Film Deposition via Extreme Inter-Brush Slip in a Lamellar Block Copolymer. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Shan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
| | - Inbal Weisbord
- Department of Chemical Engineering Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Xueyan Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
| | - Jinho Hyon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
| | - Gkreti-Maria Manesi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Tamar Segal-Peretz
- Department of Chemical Engineering Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Edwin L. Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
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6
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Zhu Y, Giuntoli A, Zhang W, Lin Z, Keten S, Starr FW, Douglas JF. The Effect of Nanoparticle Softness on the Interfacial Dynamics of a Model Polymer Nanocomposite. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:094901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0101551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of soft organic nanoparticles (NPs) into polymer melts has recently expanded the material design space for polymer nanocomposites, compared to traditional nanocomposites that utilize rigid NPs, such as silica, metallic and other inorganic NPs. Despite advances in the fabrication and characterization of this new class of materials, the effect of NP stiffness on the polymer structure and dynamics has not been systematically investigated. Here, we use molecular dynamics to investigate the segmental dynamics of the polymer interfacial region of isolated NPs of variable stiffness in a polymer matrix. When the polymer-NP interactions are stronger than the polymer-polymer interactions, we find that the slowing of segmental dynamics in the interfacial region is more pronounced for stiff NPs. In contrast, when the polymer-NP interaction strength is smaller than the matrix interaction, the NP stiffness has relatively little impact on the changes in the polymer interfacial dynamics. We also find that the segmental relaxation time t a of segments in the NP interfacial region changes from values lower than to higher than the bulk material when the polymer-NP interaction strength is increased beyond a 'critical' strength, reminiscent of a binding-unbinding transition. Both the NP stiffness and the polymer-surface interaction strength can thus greatly influence the relative segmental of the interfacial mobility in comparison to the bulk material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Zhu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, China
| | - Andrea Giuntoli
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Netherlands
| | - Wengang Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, NIST, United States of America
| | | | - Sinan Keten
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, United States of America
| | - Francis W. Starr
- Physics Department, Wesleyan University, United States of America
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States of America
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7
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Jhalaria M, Cang Y, Huang Y, Benicewicz B, Kumar SK, Fytas G. Unusual High-Frequency Mechanical Properties of Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticle Melts. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:187801. [PMID: 35594089 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.187801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Brillouin light spectroscopy is used to measure the elastic moduli of spherical polymer-grafted nanoparticle (GNP) melts as a function of chain length at fixed grafting density (0.47 chains/nm^{2}) and nanoparticle radius (8 nm). While the moduli follow a rule of mixtures (Wood's law) for long chains, they display enhanced elasticity and anomalous dissipation for graft chains <100 kDa. GNP melts with long polymers at high σ have a dry zone near the GNP core, surrounded by a region where the grafts can interpenetrate with chain fragments from adjacent GNPs. We propose that the departures from Wood's law for short chains are due to the effectively larger silica volume fraction in the region where sound propagates-this is caused by the short, interpenetrated chain fragments being pushed out of the way. We thus conclude that transport mechanisms (of gas, ions, sound, thermal phonons) in GNP melts are radically different if interpenetrated chain segments can be "pushed out of the way" or not. This provides a facile new means for manipulating the properties of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Jhalaria
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York 10027, New York, USA
| | - Yu Cang
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, 100 Zhangwu Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yucheng Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29201, South Carolina, USA
| | - Brian Benicewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29201, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sanat K Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York 10027, New York, USA
| | - George Fytas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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8
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Chen SH, Souna AJ, Stranick SJ, Jhalaria M, Kumar SK, Soles CL, Chan EP. Controlling toughness of polymer-grafted nanoparticle composites for impact mitigation. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:256-261. [PMID: 34931215 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01432c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Toughness in an entangled polymer network is typically controlled by the number of load-bearing topological constraints per unit volume. In this work, we demonstrate a new paradigm for controlling toughness at high deformation rates in a polymer-grafted nanoparticle composite system where the entanglement density increases with the molecular mass of the graft. An unexpected peak in the toughness is observed right before the system reaches full entanglement that cannot be described through the entanglement concept alone. Quasi-elastic neutron scattering reveals enhanced segmental fluctuations of the grafts on the picosecond time scale, which propagate out to nanoparticle fluctuations on the time scale 100s of seconds as evidenced by X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. This surprising multi-scale dissipation process suggests a nanoparticle jamming-unjamming transition. The realization that segmental dynamics can be coupled with the entanglement concept for enhanced toughness at high rates of deformation is a novel insight with relevance to the design of composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn H Chen
- Materials Measurement Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Amanda J Souna
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Stephan J Stranick
- Materials Measurement Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Mayank Jhalaria
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 801 SW Mudd, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Sanat K Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 801 SW Mudd, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Christopher L Soles
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Edwin P Chan
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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9
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Abstract
Polymer-grafted nanoparticles (PGNPs) are an important component of many advanced materials. The interplay between the nanoparticle surface curvature and spatial confinement by neighboring chains produces a complex set of structural and dynamical behaviors in the polymer corona surrounding the nanoparticle. For example, experiments have shown that the inner portion of the corona is more stretched and relaxes more slowly than the outer region. Here, we perform systematic core-modified dissipative particle dynamics (CM-DPD) simulations and analyze the relaxation dynamics using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of the monomer coordinates. We find that grafted chains relax more slowly than free chains and that the relaxation time of the grafted chains scales inversely with the confinement strength. For PGNPs in a polymer melt, the relaxation processes are always Rouse-like. However, we observe either Zimm-like or Rouse-like dynamics for PGNPs in solution depending on the confinement strength.
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10
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Izor S, Schantz A, Jawaid A, Grabowski C, Dagher T, Koerner H, Park K, Vaia R. Coexistence and Phase Behavior of Solvent–Polystyrene-Grafted Gold Nanoparticle Systems. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Izor
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7702, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Allen Schantz
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7702, United States
| | - Ali Jawaid
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7702, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Chris Grabowski
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7702, United States
| | - Tony Dagher
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7702, United States
| | - Hilmar Koerner
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7702, United States
| | - Kyoungweon Park
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7702, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Richard Vaia
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7702, United States
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