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Wu B, Liu Y, Li H, Zhu L, Zeng L, Zhang Z, Peng W. Liver as a new target organ in Alzheimer's disease: insight from cholesterol metabolism and its role in amyloid-beta clearance. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:695-714. [PMID: 38886936 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, the primary cause of dementia, is characterized by neuropathologies, such as amyloid plaques, synaptic and neuronal degeneration, and neurofibrillary tangles. Although amyloid plaques are the primary characteristic of Alzheimer's disease in the central nervous system and peripheral organs, targeting amyloid-beta clearance in the central nervous system has shown limited clinical efficacy in Alzheimer's disease treatment. Metabolic abnormalities are commonly observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The liver is the primary peripheral organ involved in amyloid-beta metabolism, playing a crucial role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Notably, impaired cholesterol metabolism in the liver may exacerbate the development of Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we explore the underlying causes of Alzheimer's disease and elucidate the role of the liver in amyloid-beta clearance and cholesterol metabolism. Furthermore, we propose that restoring normal cholesterol metabolism in the liver could represent a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lemei Zhu
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lingfeng Zeng
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Yangsheng College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
- Qinhuangdao Shanhaiguan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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2
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Zhang R, Wuerch E, Yong VW, Xue M. LXR agonism for CNS diseases: promises and challenges. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:97. [PMID: 38627787 PMCID: PMC11022383 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The unfavorable prognosis of many neurological conditions could be attributed to limited tissue regeneration in central nervous system (CNS) and overwhelming inflammation, while liver X receptor (LXR) may regulate both processes due to its pivotal role in cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory response, and thus receives increasing attentions from neuroscientists and clinicians. Here, we summarize the signal transduction of LXR pathway, discuss the therapeutic potentials of LXR agonists based on preclinical data using different disease models, and analyze the dilemma and possible resolutions for clinical translation to encourage further investigations of LXR related therapies in CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Zhang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Emily Wuerch
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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3
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Huang Q, Chen Y, Zhang W, Xia X, Li H, Qin M, Gao H. Nanotechnology for enhanced nose-to-brain drug delivery in treating neurological diseases. J Control Release 2024; 366:519-534. [PMID: 38182059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Despite the increasing global incidence of brain disorders, achieving sufficient delivery towards the central nervous system (CNS) remains a formidable challenge in terms of translating into improved clinical outcomes. The brain is highly safeguarded by physiological barriers, primarily the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which routinely excludes most therapeutics from entering the brain following systemic administration. Among various strategies investigated to circumvent this challenge, intranasal administration, a noninvasive method that bypasses the BBB to allow direct access of drugs to the CNS, has been showing promising results. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, in particular, have demonstrated remarkable capacities in overcoming the challenges posed by nose-to-brain drug delivery and facilitating targeted drug accumulation within the brain while minimizing side effects of systemic distribution. This review comprehensively summarizes the barriers of nose-to-brain drug delivery, aiming to enhance our understanding of potential physiological obstacles and improve the efficacy of nasal delivery in future trials. We then highlight cutting-edge nanotechnology-based studies that enhance nose-to-brain drug delivery in three key aspects, demonstrating substantial potential for improved treatment of brain diseases. Furthermore, the attention towards clinical studies will ease the regulatory approval process for nasal administration of nanomedicines targeting brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Mental Health Center and National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yongke Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Mental Health Center and National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, 783 Xindu Avenue, Xindu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Xue Xia
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Mental Health Center and National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hanmei Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Meng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Mental Health Center and National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Mental Health Center and National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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4
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Fan L, Jin L, Tang T, Zheng Y, Chen Z, Lin H, Ding C, Wang T, Chen H, Guo Y, Xu C, Zhou H, Wu X, Fu X, Yan F, Mao Z, Chen G. Neutrophil-like pH-responsive pro-efferocytic nanoparticles improve neurological recovery by promoting erythrophagocytosis after intracerebral hemorrhage. Theranostics 2024; 14:283-303. [PMID: 38164152 PMCID: PMC10750197 DOI: 10.7150/thno.90370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating cerebrovascular disease resulting from blood extravasating into the brain parenchyma. Escalation of erythrophagocytosis (a form of efferocytosis), avoiding the consequent release of the detrimental erythrocyte lysates, may be a promising target of ICH management. The ADAM17 inhibitor and liver X receptor (LXR) agonist could promote efficient efferocytosis and injury repair. Nevertheless, the poor bioavailability and restriction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) hinder their application. Therefore, it is needed that biocompatible and smart nanoplatforms were designed and synthesized to realize effective therapy targeting erythrophagocytosis. Methods: We first assessed the synergistic effect of therapeutic GW280264X (an ADAM17 inhibitor) and desmosterol (an LXR agonist) on erythrophagocytosis in vitro. Then a pH-responsive neutrophil membrane-based nanoplatform (NPEOz) served as a carrier to accurately deliver therapeutic GW280264X and desmosterol to the damaged brain was prepared via co-extrusion. Afterwards, their pH-responsive performance was valued in vitro and targeting ability was assessed through fluorescence image in vivo. Finally, the pro-erythrophagocytic and anti-neuroinflammatory ability of the nanomedicine and related mechanisms were investigated. Results: After the synergistical effect of the above two drugs on erythrophagocytosis was confirmed, we successfully developed neutrophil-disguised pH-responsive nanoparticles to efficiently co-deliver them. The nanoparticles could responsively release therapeutic agents under acidic environments, and elicit favorable biocompatibility and ability of targeting injury sites. D&G@NPEOz nanoparticles enhanced erythrophagocytosis through inhibiting shedding of the efferocytotic receptors MERTK/AXL mediated by ADAM17 and accelerating ABCA-1/ABCG-1-mediated cholesterol efflux regulated by LXR respectively. In addition, the nano-formulation was able to modulate the inflammatory microenvironment by transforming efferocytes towards a therapeutic phenotype with reducing the release of proinflammatory cytokines while increasing the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors, and improve neurological function. Conclusions: This biomimetic nanomedicine is envisaged to offer an encouraging strategy to effectively promote hematoma and inflammation resolution, consequently alleviate ICH progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Lulu Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Tianchi Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yonghe Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Zihang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Haopu Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Chao Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Huaijun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yinghan Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Chaoran Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Xinyan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Xiongjie Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, 310016, China
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Yin N, Wang Y, Liu Y, Niu R, Zhang S, Cao Y, Lv Z, Song S, Liu X, Zhang H. A Cholesterol Metabolic Regulated Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Framework (HOF)-Based Biotuner for Antibody Non-Dependent Immunotherapy Tailored for Glioblastoma. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303567. [PMID: 37466394 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic reprogramming of glioblastoma (GBM) poses a tremendous obstacle to effective immunotherapy due to its impact on the immunosuppressive microenvironment. In this work, a hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) specifically designed for GBM immunotherapy is developed, taking advantage of the relatively isolated cholesterol metabolism microenvironment in the central nervous system (CNS). The HOF-based biotuner regulates extra/intracellular cholesterol metabolism, effectively blocking the programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway and reducing 2B4 expression. This metabolically disrupts the immunosuppressive microenvironment of GBM and rejuvenates CD8+ T cells. Moreover, cholesterol metabolism regulation offers additional benefits in treating GBM invasion. Furthermore, tumor microenvironment (TME)-initiated chemiexcited photodynamic therapy (PDT) is enhanced during the regulation of cholesterol metabolism, and the biotuner can effectively trigger immunogenic cell death (ICD) and increase the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in GBM. By reversing the immunosuppressive microenvironment and bolstering chemiexcited-PDT, this approach invigorates efficient antibody non-dependent immunotherapy for GBM. This study provides a model for enhancing immunotherapy through cholesterol metabolism regulation and explores the feasibility of a "metabolic checkpoint" strategy in GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Rui Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yue Cao
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zhijia Lv
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shuyan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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6
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Martens N, Zhan N, Voortman G, Leijten FPJ, van Rheenen C, van Leerdam S, Geng X, Huybrechts M, Liu H, Jonker JW, Kuipers F, Lütjohann D, Vanmierlo T, Mulder MT. Activation of Liver X Receptors and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors by Lipid Extracts of Brown Seaweeds: A Potential Application in Alzheimer's Disease? Nutrients 2023; 15:3004. [PMID: 37447330 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear liver X receptors (LXRα/β) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα/γ) are involved in the regulation of multiple biological processes, including lipid metabolism and inflammation. The activation of these receptors has been found to have neuroprotective effects, making them interesting therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The Asian brown seaweed Sargassum fusiforme contains both LXR-activating (oxy)phytosterols and PPAR-activating fatty acids. We have previously shown that dietary supplementation with lipid extracts of Sargassum fusiforme prevents disease progression in a mouse model of AD, without inducing adverse effects associated with synthetic pan-LXR agonists. We now determined the LXRα/β- and PPARα/γ-activating capacity of lipid extracts of six European brown seaweed species (Alaria esculenta, Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus, Himanthalia elongata, Saccharina latissima, and Sargassum muticum) and the Asian seaweed Sargassum fusiforme using a dual luciferase reporter assay. We analyzed the sterol and fatty acid profiles of the extracts by GC-MS and UPLC MS/MS, respectively, and determined their effects on the expression of LXR and PPAR target genes in several cell lines using quantitative PCR. All extracts were found to activate LXRs, with the Himanthalia elongata extract showing the most pronounced efficacy, comparable to Sargassum fusiforme, for LXR activation and transcriptional regulation of LXR-target genes. Extracts of Alaria esculenta, Fucus vesiculosus, and Saccharina latissima showed the highest capacity to activate PPARα, while extracts of Alaria esculenta, Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus, and Sargassum muticum showed the highest capacity to activate PPARγ, comparable to Sargassum fusiforme extract. In CCF-STTG1 astrocytoma cells, all extracts induced expression of cholesterol efflux genes (ABCG1, ABCA1, and APOE) and suppressed expression of cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis genes (DHCR7, DHCR24, HMGCR and SREBF2, and SREBF1, ACACA, SCD1 and FASN, respectively). Our data show that lipophilic fractions of European brown seaweeds activate LXRs and PPARs and thereby modulate lipid metabolism. These results support the potential of brown seaweeds in the prevention and/or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and possibly cardiometabolic and inflammatory diseases via concurrent activation of LXRs and PPARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Martens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Hasselt University, B-3590 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Na Zhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Gardi Voortman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank P J Leijten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Connor van Rheenen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Leerdam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xicheng Geng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Michiel Huybrechts
- Department of Environmental Biology, Center for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Johan W Jonker
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Hasselt University, B-3590 Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Division Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique T Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Shi Y, Liu Y, Wu C, Liu X, Hu W, Yang Z, Li Z, Li Y, Deng C, Wei K, Gu C, Chen X, Su W, Zhuo Y. N,N-Dimethyl-3β-hydroxycholenamide attenuates neuronal death and retinal inflammation in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting Ninjurin 1. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:91. [PMID: 37029422 PMCID: PMC10082498 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR) injury refers to an obstruction in the retinal blood supply followed by reperfusion. Although the molecular mechanism underlying the ischemic pathological cascade is not fully understood, neuroinflammation plays a crucial part in the mortality of retinal ganglion cells. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), molecular docking, and transfection assay were used to explore the effectiveness and pathogenesis of N,N-dimethyl-3β-hydroxycholenamide (DMHCA)-treated mice with RIR injury and DMHCA-treated microglia after oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). RESULTS DMHCA could suppress inflammatory gene expression and attenuate neuronal lesions, restoring the retinal structure in vivo. Using scRNA-seq on the retina of DMHCA-treated mice, we provided novel insights into RIR immunity and demonstrated nerve injury-induced protein 1 (Ninjurin1/Ninj 1) as a promising treatment target for RIR. Moreover, the expression of Ninj1, which was increased in RIR injury and OGD/R-treated microglia, was downregulated in the DMHCA-treated group. DMHCA suppressed the activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways induced by OGD/R, which was undermined by the NF-κB pathway agonist betulinic acid. Overexpressed Ninj1 reversed the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic function of DMHCA. Molecular docking indicated that for Ninj1, DMHCA had a low binding energy of - 6.6 kcal/mol, suggesting highly stable binding. CONCLUSION Ninj1 may play a pivotal role in microglia-mediated inflammation, while DMHCA could be a potential treatment strategy against RIR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yidan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Caiqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuxing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenlan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Caibin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenyang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.
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8
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Moreira DA, Santos SD, Leiro V, Pêgo AP. Dendrimers and Derivatives as Multifunctional Nanotherapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041054. [PMID: 37111540 PMCID: PMC10140951 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia. It affects more than 30 million people worldwide and costs over US$ 1.3 trillion annually. AD is characterized by the brain accumulation of amyloid β peptide in fibrillar structures and the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates in neurons, both leading to toxicity and neuronal death. At present, there are only seven drugs approved for the treatment of AD, of which only two can slow down cognitive decline. Moreover, their use is only recommended for the early stages of AD, meaning that the major portion of AD patients still have no disease-modifying treatment options. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop efficient therapies for AD. In this context, nanobiomaterials, and dendrimers in particular, offer the possibility of developing multifunctional and multitargeted therapies. Due to their intrinsic characteristics, dendrimers are first-in-class macromolecules for drug delivery. They have a globular, well-defined, and hyperbranched structure, controllable nanosize and multivalency, which allows them to act as efficient and versatile nanocarriers of different therapeutic molecules. In addition, different types of dendrimers display antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-prion, and most importantly for the AD field, anti-amyloidogenic properties. Therefore, dendrimers can not only be excellent nanocarriers, but also be used as drugs per se. Here, the outstanding properties of dendrimers and derivatives that make them excellent AD nanotherapeutics are reviewed and critically discussed. The biological properties of several dendritic structures (dendrimers, derivatives, and dendrimer-like polymers) that enable them to be used as drugs for AD treatment will be pointed out and the chemical and structural characteristics behind those properties will be analysed. The reported use of these nanomaterials as nanocarriers in AD preclinical research is also presented. Finally, future perspectives and challenges that need to be overcome to make their use in the clinic a reality are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora A Moreira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP-Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia D Santos
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Victoria Leiro
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P Pêgo
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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9
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Ramot Y, Rottenberg Y, Domb AJ, Kubek MJ, Williams KD, Nyska A. Preclinical In-Vivo Safety of a Novel Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone-Loaded Biodegradable Nanoparticles After Intranasal Administration in Rats and Primates. Int J Toxicol 2023:10915818231152613. [PMID: 36634266 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231152613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and TRH-like peptides carry a therapeutic potential for neurological conditions. Nanoparticles (NP) made of the biodegradable polymer, Poly(Sebacic Anhydride) (PSA), have been developed to carry TRH, intended for intranasal administration to patients. There is limited information on the safety of biodegradable polymers when given intranasally, and therefore, we have performed two preclinical safety and toxicity studies in cynomolgus monkeys and rats using TRH-PSA nanoparticles. The rats and monkeys were dosed intranasally for 42 days or 28 days, respectively, and several animals were followed for additional 14 days. Animals received either placebo, vehicle (PSA), or different concentrations of TRH-PSA. No systemic adverse effects were seen. Changes in T3 or T4 concentrations were observed in some TRH-PSA-treated animals, which did not have clinical or microscopic correlates. No effect was seen on TSH or prolactin concentrations. In the monkey study, microscopic changes in the nasal turbinates were observed, which were attributed to incidental mechanical trauma caused during administration. Taken together, the TRH-loaded PSA NPs have proven to be safe, with no local or systemic adverse effects attributed to the drug loaded nanoparticles. These findings provide additional support to the growing evidence of the safety of peptide-loaded NPs for intranasal delivery and pave the way for future clinical trials in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ramot
- Faculty of Medicine, 54621Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Dermatology, 58884Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yakir Rottenberg
- Faculty of Medicine, 54621Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Oncology, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Abraham J Domb
- School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine, 54621The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael J Kubek
- 12250Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kevin D Williams
- Consultant in Toxicology, WKM Consulting, LLC, Waunakee, WI, USA
| | - Abraham Nyska
- Consultant in Toxicologic Pathology, 26745Tel Aviv and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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10
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Miranda A, Lopez-Blanco R, Lopes-Nunes J, Melo AM, Campello MPC, Paulo A, Oliveira MC, Mergny JL, Oliveira PA, Fernandez-Megia E, Cruz C. Gallic Acid-Triethylene Glycol Aptadendrimers Synthesis, Biophysical Characterization and Cellular Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112456. [PMID: 36432647 PMCID: PMC9696068 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe the synthesis of an aptadendrimer by covalent bioconjugation of a gallic acid-triethylene glycol (GATG) dendrimer with the G-quadruplex (G4) AT11 aptamer (a modified version of AS1411) at the surface. We evaluated the loading and interaction of an acridine orange ligand, termed C8, that acts as an anticancer drug and binder/stabilizer of the G4 structure of AT11. Dynamic light scattering experiments demonstrated that the aptadendrimer was approximately 3.1 nm in diameter. Both steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy evidenced the interaction between the aptadendrimer and C8. Additionally, we demonstrated that the iodine atom of the C8 ligand acts as an effective intramolecular quencher in solution, while upon complexation with the aptadendrimer, it adopts a more extended conformation. Docking studies support this conclusion. Release experiments show a delivery of C8 after 4 h. The aptadendrimers tend to localize in the cytoplasm of various cell lines studied as demonstrated by confocal microscopy. The internalization of the aptadendrimers is not nucleolin-mediated or by passive diffusion, but via endocytosis. MTT studies with prostate cancer cells and non-malignant cells evidenced high cytotoxicity mainly due to the C8 ligand. The rapid internalization of the aptadendrimers and the fluorescence properties make them attractive for the development of potential nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Miranda
- CICS-UBI—Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Roi Lopez-Blanco
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jéssica Lopes-Nunes
- CICS-UBI—Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Melo
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula Cabral Campello
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal
| | - António Paulo
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal
| | - Maria Cristina Oliveira
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Paula A. Oliveira
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Fernandez-Megia
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.F.-M.); (C.C.)
| | - Carla Cruz
- CICS-UBI—Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Departamento de Química, Universidade da Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.F.-M.); (C.C.)
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11
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Deshwal S, Baidya AT, Kumar R, Sandhir R. Structure-based virtual screening for identification of potential non-steroidal LXR modulators against neurodegenerative conditions. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 223:106150. [PMID: 35787453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Liver X Receptors (LXRs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulate cholesterol metabolism. LXRs have been suggested as promising targets against many neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). The present study was aimed to identify novel non-steroidal molecules that may potentially modulate LXR activity. The structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) was used to search for suitable compounds from the Asinex library. The top hits were selected and filtered based on their binding affinity for LXR α and β isoforms. Based on molecular docking and scoring results, 24 compounds were selected that had binding energy in the range of - 13.9 to - 12 for LXRα and - 12.5 to - 11 for LXRβ, which were higher than the reference ligands (GW3965 and TO901317). Further, the five hits referred to as model 29, 64, 202, 250, 313 were selected by virtue of their binding interactions with amino acid residues at the active site of LXRs. The selected hits were then subjected to absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) analysis and blood-brain permeability prediction. It was observed that the selected hits had better pharmacokinetic properties with no toxicity and could cross blood-brain barrier. Further, the selected hits were analysed for dynamic evolution of the system with LXRs by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation at 100 ns using GROMACS. The MD simulation results validated that selected hits possess a remarkable amount of flexibility, stability, compactness, binding energy and exhibited limited conformational modification. The root mean square deviation (RMSD) values of the top-scoring hits complexed with LXRα and LXRβ were 0.05-0.6 nm and 0.05-0.45 nm respectively, which is greater than the protein itself. Altogether the study identified potential non-steroidal LXR modulators that appear to be effective against various neurodegenerative conditions involving perturbed cholesterol and lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Deshwal
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences, Block-II, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Anurag Tk Baidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, UP, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, UP, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences, Block-II, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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12
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Liver X Receptor Regulation of Glial Cell Functions in the CNS. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092165. [PMID: 36140266 PMCID: PMC9496004 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the role of liver X receptors (LXRs) in glial cells (microglia, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes) in the central nervous system (CNS). LXRs are oxysterol-activated nuclear receptors that, in adults, regulate genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis, the modulation of inflammatory responses and glutamate homeostasis. The study of LXR knockout mice has revealed that LXRβ plays a key role in maintaining the health of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, large motor neurons in the spinal cord and retinal ganglion cells in the eye. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), LXRβ is responsible for the health of the spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the cochlea. In addition, LXRs are essential for the homeostasis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and in LXRαβ−/− mice, the lateral ventricles are empty and lined with lipid-laden cells. As LXRαβ−/− mice age, lipid vacuoles accumulate in astrocytes surrounding blood vessels. By seven months of age, motor coordination becomes impaired, and there is a loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord of LXRβ−/− mice. During development, migration of neurons in the cortex and cerebellum is retarded in LXRβ−/− mice. Since LXRs are not expressed in dopaminergic or motor neurons in adult mice, the neuroprotective effects of LXRs appear to come from LXRs in glial cells where they are expressed. However, despite the numerous neurological deficits in LXR−/− rodents, multiple sclerosis has the clear distinction of being the only human neurodegenerative disease in which defective LXR signaling has been identified. In this review, we summarize the regulation and functions of LXRs in glial cells and analyze how targeting LXRs in glial cells might, in the future, be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases and, perhaps, disorders caused by aberrant neuronal migration during development.
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13
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Zha S, Wong K, All AH. Intranasal Delivery of Functionalized Polymeric Nanomaterials to the Brain. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102610. [PMID: 35166052 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous delivery of nanomaterials containing therapeutic agents and various cargos for treating neurological disorders is often constrained by low delivery efficacy due to difficulties in passing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nanoparticles (NPs) administered intranasally can move along olfactory and trigeminal nerves so that they do not need to pass through the BBB, allowing non-invasive, direct access to selective neural pathways within the brain. Hence, intranasal (IN) administration of NPs can effectively deliver drugs and genes into targeted regions of the brain, holding potential for efficacious disease treatment in the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, current methods for delivering conjugated NPs to the brain are primarily discussed. Distinctive potential mechanisms of therapeutic nanocomposites delivered via IN pathways to the brain are then discussed. Recent progress in developing functional NPs for applications in multimodal bioimaging, drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutics is also reviewed. This review is then concluded by discussing existing challenges, new directions, and future perspectives in IN delivery of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zha
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Road Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 000000 P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong SAR 000000 P. R. China
| | - Ka‐Leung Wong
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Road Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 000000 P. R. China
| | - Angelo H. All
- Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University 224 Waterloo Road Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 000000 P. R. China
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14
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Kacher R, Mounier C, Caboche J, Betuing S. Altered Cholesterol Homeostasis in Huntington’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:797220. [PMID: 35517051 PMCID: PMC9063567 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.797220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by an expansion of the CAG repeat in the first exon of Huntingtin’s gene. The associated neurodegeneration mainly affects the striatum and the cortex at early stages and progressively spreads to other brain structures. Targeting HD at its earlier stages is under intense investigation. Numerous drugs were tested, with a rate of success of only 3.5% approved molecules used as symptomatic treatment. The restoration of cholesterol metabolism, which is central to the brain homeostasis and strongly altered in HD, could be an interesting disease-modifying strategy. Cholesterol is an essential membrane component in the central nervous system (CNS); alterations of its homeostasis have deleterious consequences on neuronal functions. The levels of several sterols, upstream of cholesterol, are markedly decreased within the striatum of HD mouse model. Transcription of cholesterol biosynthetic genes is reduced in HD cell and mouse models as well as post-mortem striatal and cortical tissues from HD patients. Since the dynamic of brain cholesterol metabolism is complex, it is essential to establish the best method to target it in HD. Cholesterol, which does not cross the blood-brain-barrier, is locally synthesized and renewed within the brain. All cell types in the CNS synthesize cholesterol during development but as they progress through adulthood, neurons down-regulate their cholesterol synthesis and turn to astrocytes for their full supply. Cellular levels of cholesterol reflect the dynamic balance between synthesis, uptake and export, all integrated into the context of the cross talk between neurons and glial cells. In this review, we describe the latest advances regarding the role of cholesterol deregulation in neuronal functions and how this could be a determinant factor in neuronal degeneration and HD progression. The pathways and major mechanisms by which cholesterol and sterols are regulated in the CNS will be described. From this overview, we discuss the main clinical strategies for manipulating cholesterol metabolism in the CNS, and how to reinstate a proper balance in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhia Kacher
- Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute (ICM), AP-HP, INSERM, CNRS, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Coline Mounier
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8246, Paris, France
- U1130, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Jocelyne Caboche
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8246, Paris, France
- U1130, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Betuing
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8246, Paris, France
- U1130, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Sandrine Betuing,
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15
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Araújo AR, Correa J, Dominguez-Arca V, Reis RL, Fernandez-Megia E, Pires RA. Functional Gallic Acid-Based Dendrimers as Synthetic Nanotools to Remodel Amyloid-β-42 into Noncytotoxic Forms. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:59673-59682. [PMID: 34874691 PMCID: PMC8704170 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of amyloid-β (Aβ) generates cytotoxic oligomers linked to the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As many fundamental molecular pathways that control Aβ aggregation are yet to be unraveled, an important strategy to control Aβ cytotoxicity is the development of bioactive synthetic nanotools capable of interacting with the heterogeneous ensemble of Aβ species and remodel them into noncytotoxic forms. Herein, the synthesis of nanosized, functional gallic acid (Ga)-based dendrimers with a precise number of Ga at their surface is described. It is shown that these Ga-terminated dendrimers interact by H-bonding with monomeric/oligomeric Aβ species at their Glu, Ala, and Asp residues, promoting their remodeling into noncytotoxic aggregates in a process controlled by the Ga units. The multivalent presentation of Ga on the dendrimer surface enhances their ability to interact with Aβ, inhibiting the primary and secondary nucleation of Aβ fibrillization and disrupting the Aβ preformed fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. Araújo
- 3B’s
Research Group, I3Bs − Research Institute on Biomaterials,
Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University
of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial
da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s
− PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Juan Correa
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vicente Dominguez-Arca
- Biophysics
and Interfaces Group, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago
de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s
Research Group, I3Bs − Research Institute on Biomaterials,
Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University
of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial
da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s
− PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Fernandez-Megia
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ricardo A. Pires
- 3B’s
Research Group, I3Bs − Research Institute on Biomaterials,
Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University
of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial
da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s
− PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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16
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Martens N, Schepers M, Zhan N, Leijten F, Voortman G, Tiane A, Rombaut B, Poisquet J, Sande NVD, Kerksiek A, Kuipers F, Jonker JW, Liu H, Lütjohann D, Vanmierlo T, Mulder MT. 24(S)-Saringosterol Prevents Cognitive Decline in a Mouse Model for Alzheimer's Disease. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:190. [PMID: 33801706 PMCID: PMC8065937 DOI: 10.3390/md19040190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently found that dietary supplementation with the seaweed Sargassum fusiforme, containing the preferential LXRβ-agonist 24(S)-saringosterol, prevented memory decline and reduced amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model without inducing hepatic steatosis. Here, we examined the effects of 24(S)-saringosterol as a food additive on cognition and neuropathology in AD mice. Six-month-old male APPswePS1ΔE9 mice and wildtype C57BL/6J littermates received 24(S)-saringosterol (0.5 mg/25 g body weight/day) (APPswePS1ΔE9 n = 20; C57BL/6J n = 19) or vehicle (APPswePS1ΔE9 n = 17; C57BL/6J n = 19) for 10 weeks. Cognition was assessed using object recognition and object location tasks. Sterols were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Aβ and inflammatory markers by immunohistochemistry, and gene expression by quantitative real-time PCR. Hepatic lipids were quantified after Oil-Red-O staining. Administration of 24(S)-saringosterol prevented cognitive decline in APPswePS1ΔE9 mice without affecting the Aβ plaque load. Moreover, 24(S)-saringosterol prevented the increase in the inflammatory marker Iba1 in the cortex of APPswePS1ΔE9 mice (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 24(S)-saringosterol did not affect the expression of lipid metabolism-related LXR-response genes in the hippocampus nor the hepatic neutral lipid content. Thus, administration of 24(S)-saringosterol prevented cognitive decline in APPswePS1ΔE9 mice independent of effects on Aβ load and without adverse effects on liver fat content. The anti-inflammatory effects of 24(S)-saringosterol may contribute to the prevention of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Martens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Hasselt University, BE 3590 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Melissa Schepers
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Hasselt University, BE 3590 Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Division Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Na Zhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Frank Leijten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gardi Voortman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Assia Tiane
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Hasselt University, BE 3590 Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Division Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Rombaut
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Hasselt University, BE 3590 Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Division Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Janne Poisquet
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Hasselt University, BE 3590 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Nienke van de Sande
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Division Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Kerksiek
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W Jonker
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Hasselt University, BE 3590 Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Division Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique T Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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