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Ziani Z, Bellatreccia C, Battaglia FP, Morselli G, Gradone A, Ceroni P, Villa M. Copper indium sulfide quantum dots enabling quantitative visible light photoisomerisation of ( E)-azobenzene chromophores. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38912567 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01997k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Azobenzene derivatives have long been studied for their photochromic behaviour. One of the greatest challenges in this field is the quantitative (E) to (Z) photoconversion triggered by visible light irradiation. In this work, the synthesis and characterization of CuInS2 quantum dots (CIS-QDs) appended with azobenzene units are reported: quantitative (E) → (Z) isomerisation is obtained by visible light (e.g., λex = 533 nm). Interestingly, catalytic amounts of CIS-QDs allow the full photoconversion of ungrafted (E)-azobenzene derivatives into the corresponding (Z)-isomers using visible light. This peculiar behaviour is associated with the direct complexation of the (Z)-isomer on the QD surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Ziani
- Department of Chemistry Ciamician, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Caterina Bellatreccia
- Department of Chemistry Ciamician, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Filippo Piero Battaglia
- Department of Chemistry Ciamician, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Morselli
- Department of Chemistry Ciamician, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Gradone
- Istituto per la Microelettronica ed i Microsistemi (IMM) - CNR Sede di Bologna, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Department of Chemistry Ciamician, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marco Villa
- Department of Chemistry Ciamician, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Dehnel J, Harchol A, Barak Y, Meir I, Horani F, Shapiro A, Strassberg R, de Mello Donegá C, Demir HV, Gamelin DR, Sharma K, Lifshitz E. Optically detected magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses on the role of magnetic ions in colloidal nanocrystals. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:071001. [PMID: 37581419 DOI: 10.1063/5.0160787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Incorporating magnetic ions into semiconductor nanocrystals has emerged as a prominent research field for manipulating spin-related properties. The magnetic ions within the host semiconductor experience spin-exchange interactions with photogenerated carriers and are often involved in the recombination routes, stimulating special magneto-optical effects. The current account presents a comparative study, emphasizing the impact of engineering nanostructures and selecting magnetic ions in shaping carrier-magnetic ion interactions. Various host materials, including the II-VI group, halide perovskites, and I-III-VI2 in diverse structural configurations such as core/shell quantum dots, seeded nanorods, and nanoplatelets, incorporated with magnetic ions such as Mn2+, Ni2+, and Cu1+/2+ are highlighted. These materials have recently been investigated by us using state-of-the-art steady-state and transient optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy to explore individual spin-dynamics between the photogenerated carriers and magnetic ions and their dependence on morphology, location, crystal composition, and type of the magnetic ion. The information extracted from the analyses of the ODMR spectra in those studies exposes fundamental physical parameters, such as g-factors, exchange coupling constants, and hyperfine interactions, together providing insights into the nature of the carrier (electron, hole, dopant), its local surroundings (isotropic/anisotropic), and spin dynamics. The findings illuminate the importance of ODMR spectroscopy in advancing our understanding of the role of magnetic ions in semiconductor nanocrystals and offer valuable knowledge for designing magnetic materials intended for various spin-related technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Dehnel
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Adi Harchol
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yahel Barak
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Itay Meir
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Faris Horani
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
| | - Arthur Shapiro
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rotem Strassberg
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Celso de Mello Donegá
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- Luminous Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, TPI, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University-NTU Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
| | - Kusha Sharma
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Efrat Lifshitz
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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Singha PK, Kistwal T, Datta A. Single-Particle Dynamics of ZnS Shelling Induced Replenishment of Carrier Diffusion for Individual Emission Centers in CuInS 2 Quantum Dots. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4289-4296. [PMID: 37126796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Insights into blinking and photoactivation of aqueous copper indium sulfide (CIS) quantum dots have been obtained using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and fluorescence lifetime correlation spectroscopy (FLCS). An unusual excitation wavelength-dependence of photoactivation/photocorrosion is manifested in an increase in the initial correlation amplitude G(0) for λex = 532 nm, but a decrease for λex = 405 nm. This has been rationalized in terms of different contributions from surface-assisted recombination in the two cases. Blinking times obtained from the autocorrelation functions (ACFs) of the 100-200 ns lifetime component (core Cu-mediated recombination) are almost unaffected by shelling, but those from the ACF for the 10-30 ns lifetime (surface states) increase significantly. Absence of cross-correlation between the two recombinative states of bare CIS QDs and the emergence of an anticorrelation with the introduction of the ZnS shell are observed, indicating the diffusive nature of the two states for CIS-ZnS. The diffusion is inhibited in bare CIS QDs due to the preponderance of surface states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajit Kumar Singha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Tanuja Kistwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Anindya Datta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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Xue X, Li Y, Li X, Huang X, Yuan C, Cai P, Zhang X, Hu C. Understanding on the roles of oriented-assembly-constructed defects in design of efficient AIS-based photocatalysts for boosting photocatalytic H2 evolution. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Harchol A, Barak Y, Hughes KE, Hartstein KH, Jöbsis HJ, Prins PT, de Mello Donegá C, Gamelin DR, Lifshitz E. Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Cu-Doped CdSe/CdS and CuInS 2 Colloidal Quantum Dots. ACS NANO 2022; 16:12866-12877. [PMID: 35913892 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Copper-doped II-VI and copper-based I-III-VI2 colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have been at the forefront of interest in nanocrystals over the past decade, attributable to their optically activated copper states. However, the related recombination mechanisms are still unclear. The current work elaborates on recombination processes in such materials by following the spin properties of copper-doped CdSe/CdS (Cu@CdSe/CdS) and of CuInS2 and CuInS2/(CdS, ZnS) core/shell CQDs using continuous-wave and time-resolved optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy. The Cu@CdSe/CdS ODMR showed two distinct resonances with different g factors and spin relaxation times. The best fit by a spin Hamiltonian simulation suggests that emission comes from recombination of a delocalized electron at the conduction band edge with a hole trapped in a Cu2+ site with a weak exchange coupling between the two spins. The ODMR spectra of CuInS2 CQDs (with and without shells) differ significantly from those of the copper-doped II-VI CQDs. They are comprised of a primary resonance accompanied by another resonance at half-field, with a strong correlation between the two, indicating the involvement of a triplet exciton and hence stronger electron-hole exchange coupling than in the doped core/shell CQDs. The spin Hamiltonian simulation shows that the hole is again associated with a photogenerated Cu2+ site. The electron resides near this Cu2+ site, and its ODMR spectrum shows contributions from superhyperfine coupling to neighboring indium atoms. These observations are consistent with the occurrence of a self-trapped exciton associated with the copper site. The results presented here support models under debate for over a decade and help define the magneto-optical properties of these important materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Harchol
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yahel Barak
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Kira E Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Kimberly H Hartstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Huygen J Jöbsis
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P Tim Prins
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Celso de Mello Donegá
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Efrat Lifshitz
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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