1
|
Agrohia DK, Goswami R, Jantarat T, Çiçek YA, Thongsukh K, Jeon T, Bell JM, Rotello VM, Vachet RW. Suborgan Level Quantitation of Proteins in Tissues Delivered by Polymeric Nanocarriers. ACS NANO 2024; 18:16808-16818. [PMID: 38870478 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Amidst the rapid growth of protein therapeutics as a drug class, there is an increased focus on designing systems to effectively deliver proteins to target organs. Quantitative monitoring of protein distributions in tissues is essential for optimal development of delivery systems; however, existing strategies can have limited accuracy, making it difficult to assess suborgan dosing. Here, we describe a quantitative imaging approach that utilizes metal-coded mass tags and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to quantify the suborgan distributions of proteins in tissues that have been delivered by polymeric nanocarriers. Using this approach, we measure nanomole per gram levels of proteins as delivered by guanidinium-functionalized poly(oxanorborneneimide) (PONI) polymers to various tissues, including the alveolar region of the lung. Due to the multiplexing capability of the LA-ICP-MS imaging, we are also able to simultaneously quantify protein and polymer distributions, obtaining valuable information about the relative excretion pathways of the protein cargo and carrier. This imaging approach will facilitate quantitative correlations between nanocarrier properties and protein cargo biodistributions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj K Agrohia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ritabrita Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Teerapong Jantarat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Yağız Anil Çiçek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Korndanai Thongsukh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Taewon Jeon
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jonathan M Bell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Richard W Vachet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Beach M, Nayanathara U, Gao Y, Zhang C, Xiong Y, Wang Y, Such GK. Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5505-5616. [PMID: 38626459 PMCID: PMC11086401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The recent emergence of nanomedicine has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape and necessitated the creation of more sophisticated drug delivery systems. Polymeric nanoparticles sit at the forefront of numerous promising drug delivery designs, due to their unmatched control over physiochemical properties such as size, shape, architecture, charge, and surface functionality. Furthermore, polymeric nanoparticles have the ability to navigate various biological barriers to precisely target specific sites within the body, encapsulate a diverse range of therapeutic cargo and efficiently release this cargo in response to internal and external stimuli. However, despite these remarkable advantages, the presence of polymeric nanoparticles in wider clinical application is minimal. This review will provide a comprehensive understanding of polymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles. The biological barriers affecting drug delivery will be outlined first, followed by a comprehensive description of the various nanoparticle designs and preparation methods, beginning with the polymers on which they are based. The review will meticulously explore the current performance of polymeric nanoparticles against a myriad of diseases including cancer, viral and bacterial infections, before finally evaluating the advantages and crucial challenges that will determine their wider clinical potential in the decades to come.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian
A. Beach
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Umeka Nayanathara
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yanting Gao
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Changhe Zhang
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yijun Xiong
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yufu Wang
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Georgina K. Such
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chan A, Tsourkas A. Intracellular Protein Delivery: Approaches, Challenges, and Clinical Applications. BME FRONTIERS 2024; 5:0035. [PMID: 38282957 PMCID: PMC10809898 DOI: 10.34133/bmef.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein biologics are powerful therapeutic agents with diverse inhibitory and enzymatic functions. However, their clinical use has been limited to extracellular applications due to their inability to cross plasma membranes. Overcoming this physiological barrier would unlock the potential of protein drugs for the treatment of many intractable diseases. In this review, we highlight progress made toward achieving cytosolic delivery of recombinant proteins. We start by first considering intracellular protein delivery as a drug modality compared to existing Food and Drug Administration-approved drug modalities. Then, we summarize strategies that have been reported to achieve protein internalization. These techniques can be broadly classified into 3 categories: physical methods, direct protein engineering, and nanocarrier-mediated delivery. Finally, we highlight existing challenges for cytosolic protein delivery and offer an outlook for future advances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Tsourkas
- Department of Bioengineering,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shaw S, Sarkar AK, Jana NR. Protein Delivery to the Cytosol and Cell Nucleus via Micellar Nanocarrier-Based Nonendocytic Uptake. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4200-4207. [PMID: 37712910 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Although efficient cell nucleus delivery of exogenous materials can greatly improve their biochemical activity, this is strictly restricted by cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking processes. In the current approach, synthetic carriers are designed for cell delivery of exogenous materials via endocytosis, and nucleus delivery can be achieved via endosomal escape. Here, we demonstrate that a nonendocytic cell uptake approach can be adapted for protein delivery to the cell nucleus. We have designed a phenylboronic acid-terminated micellar carrier that can bind with protein in the presence of green tea polyphenol and deliver protein into the cytosol via the nonendocytic approach. Using this approach, four different proteins are delivered to the cytosol within 15 min, and low-molecular weight proteins are delivered to the nucleus. The designed approach can be extended for delivering macromolecular drugs to subcellular targets for a more efficient therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Shaw
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Ankan Kumar Sarkar
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Nikhil R Jana
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata700032, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sarkar AK, Shaw S, Arora H, Seth P, Jana NR. Nuclear Transport of the Molecular Drug via Nanocarrier-Based Nonendocytic Cellular Uptake. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:39176-39185. [PMID: 37552859 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Although subcellular targeting can enhance the therapeutic performance of most drugs, such targeting requires appropriate carrier-based delivery that can bypass endosomal/lysosomal trafficking. Recent works show that nanocarriers can be designed for direct cell membrane translocation and nonendocytic uptake, bypassing the usual endocytosis processes. Here we show that this approach can be adapted for the rapid cell nucleus delivery of molecular drugs. In particular, a guanidinium-terminated nanocarrier is used to create a weak interaction-based carrier-drug nanoassembly for direct membrane translocation into the cytosol. The rapid and extensive entry of a drug-loaded nanocarrier into the cell without any vesicular coating and affinity of the drug to the nucleus allows their nucleus labeling. Compared to endocytotic uptake that requires more than hours for cell uptake followed by predominant lysosomal entrapment, this nonendocytic uptake labels the nucleus within a few minutes without any lysosomal trafficking. This approach may be utilized for nanocarrier-based subcellular targeting of drugs for more effective therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankan Kumar Sarkar
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Santanu Shaw
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Himali Arora
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, Haryana 122052, India
| | - Pankaj Seth
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, Haryana 122052, India
| | - Nikhil R Jana
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li X, Pan C, Li C, Wang K, Ye J, Sun P, Guo Y, Wu J, Wang H, Zhu L. Self-Assembled Proteinaceous Nanoparticles for Co-Delivery of Antigens and Cytosine Phosphoguanine (CpG) Adjuvants: Implications for Nanovaccines. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:7637-7648. [PMID: 37207131 PMCID: PMC10178782 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has developed rapidly, giving rise to "nanovaccinology". In particular, protein-based nanocarriers have gained widespread attention because of their excellent biocompatibility. As the development of flexible and rapid vaccines is challenging, modular extensible nanoparticles are urgently needed. In this study, a multifunctional nanocarrier capable of delivering various biomolecules (including polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids) was designed by fusing the cholera toxin B subunit with streptavidin. Then, the nanocarrier was used to prepare a bioconjugate nanovaccine against S. flexneri by co-delivery of antigens and CpG adjuvants. Subsequent experimental results indicated that the nanovaccine with multiple components could stimulate both adaptive and innate immunity. Moreover, combining nanocarriers and CpG adjuvants with glycan antigens could improve the survival of vaccinated mice during the interval of two vaccination injections. The multifunctional nanocarrier and the design strategy demonstrated in this study could be utilized in the development of many other nanovaccines against infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen
and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, PR China
| | - Chao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen
and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, PR China
| | - Caixia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen
and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, PR China
| | - Kangfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen
and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, PR China
| | - Jingqin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen
and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, PR China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen
and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, PR China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen
and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, PR China
| | - Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen
and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, PR China
| | - Hengliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen
and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, PR China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen
and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Son H, Shin J, Park J. Recent progress in nanomedicine-mediated cytosolic delivery. RSC Adv 2023; 13:9788-9799. [PMID: 36998521 PMCID: PMC10043881 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07111h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic delivery of bioactive agents has exhibited great potential to cure undruggable targets and diseases. Because biological cell membranes are a natural barrier for living cells, efficient delivery methods are required to transfer bioactive and therapeutic agents into the cytosol. Various strategies that do not require cell invasive and harmful processes, such as endosomal escape, cell-penetrating peptides, stimuli-sensitive delivery, and fusogenic liposomes, have been developed for cytosolic delivery. Nanoparticles can easily display functionalization ligands on their surfaces, enabling many bio-applications for cytosolic delivery of various cargo, including genes, proteins, and small-molecule drugs. Cytosolic delivery uses nanoparticle-based delivery systems to avoid degradation of proteins and keep the functionality of other bioactive molecules, and functionalization of nanoparticle-based delivery vehicles imparts a specific targeting ability. With these advantages, nanomedicines have been used for organelle-specific tagging, vaccine delivery for enhanced immunotherapy, and intracellular delivery of proteins and genes. Optimization of the size, surface charges, specific targeting ability, and composition of nanoparticles is needed for various cargos and target cells. Toxicity issues with the nanoparticle material must be managed to enable clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hangyu Son
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu Seoul 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsu Shin
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu Seoul 06591 Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhyuck Park
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu Seoul 06591 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jeon T, Luther DC, Goswami R, Bell C, Nagaraj H, Anil Cicek Y, Huang R, Mas-Rosario JA, Elia JL, Im J, Lee YW, Liu Y, Scaletti F, Farkas ME, Mager J, Rotello VM. Engineered Polymer-siRNA Polyplexes Provide Effective Treatment of Lung Inflammation. ACS NANO 2023; 17:4315-4326. [PMID: 36802503 PMCID: PMC10627429 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation is responsible for acute and chronic diseases in the lung. Regulating expression of pro-inflammatory genes in pulmonary tissue using small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising approach to combatting respiratory diseases. However, siRNA therapeutics are generally hindered at the cellular level by endosomal entrapment of delivered cargo and at the organismal level by inefficient localization in pulmonary tissue. Here we report efficient anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo using polyplexes of siRNA and an engineered cationic polymer (PONI-Guan). PONI-Guan/siRNA polyplexes efficiently deliver siRNA cargo to the cytosol for highly efficient gene knockdown. Significantly, these polyplexes exhibit inherent targeting to inflamed lung tissue following intravenous administration in vivo. This strategy achieved effective (>70%) knockdown of gene expression in vitro and efficient (>80%) silencing of TNF-α expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged mice using a low (0.28 mg/kg) siRNA dosage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taewon Jeon
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 230 Stockbridge Road, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - David C. Luther
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Ritabrita Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Charlotte Bell
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 661 N Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Harini Nagaraj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Yagiz Anil Cicek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Javier A. Mas-Rosario
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 230 Stockbridge Road, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - James L. Elia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Jungkyun Im
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, and Department of Electronic Materials, Devices, and Equipment Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyangro, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Wei Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Yuanchang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Federica Scaletti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Michelle E. Farkas
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 230 Stockbridge Road, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Jesse Mager
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 661 N Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 230 Stockbridge Road, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Goswami R, Lehot V, Çiçek YA, Nagaraj H, Jeon T, Nguyen T, Fedeli S, Rotello VM. Direct Cytosolic Delivery of Citraconylated Proteins. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010218. [PMID: 36678847 PMCID: PMC9861219 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Current intracellular protein delivery strategies face the challenge of endosomal entrapment and consequent degradation of protein cargo. Methods to efficiently deliver proteins directly to the cytosol have the potential to overcome this hurdle. Here, we report the use of a straightforward approach of protein modification using citraconic anhydride to impart an overall negative charge on the proteins, enabling them to assemble with positively charged nano vectors. This strategy uses anhydride-modified proteins to electrostatically form polymer-protein nanocomposites with a cationic guanidinium-functionalized polymer. These supramolecular self-assemblies demonstrated the efficient cytosolic delivery of modified proteins through a membrane fusion-like mechanism. This approach was validated on five cell lines and seven proteins as cargo. Retention of protein function was confirmed through efficient cell killing via the intracellular enzymatic activity of RNase A. This platform provides a versatile, straightforward, and single-step method of protein modification and efficient direct cytosolic protein delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritabrita Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Victor Lehot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yağız Anıl Çiçek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Harini Nagaraj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Taewon Jeon
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Terry Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Stefano Fedeli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hamelmann NM, Uijttewaal S, Hujaya SD, Paulusse JMJ. Enhancing Cellular Internalization of Single-Chain Polymer Nanoparticles via Polyplex Formation. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:5036-5042. [PMID: 36383472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of nanoparticles is crucial in nanomedicine to reach optimal delivery of therapeutics and imaging agents. Single-chain polymer nanoparticles (SCNPs) are an interesting class of nanoparticles due to their unique site range of 5-20 nm. The intracellular delivery of SCNPs can be enhanced by using delivery agents. Here, a positive polymer is used to form polyplexes with SCNPs, similar to the strategy of protein and gene delivery. The size and surface charge of the polyplexes were evaluated. The cellular uptake showed rapid uptake of SCNPs via polyplex formation, and the cytosolic delivery of the SCNPs was presented by confocal microscopy. The ability of SCNPs to act as nanocarriers was further explored by conjugation of doxorubicin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi M Hamelmann
- Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Uijttewaal
- Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sry D Hujaya
- Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jos M J Paulusse
- Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jung WH, You G, Mok H. Different Influences of Biotinylation and PEGylation on Cationic and Anionic Proteins for Spheroid Penetration and Intracellular Uptake to Cancer Cells. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:1209-1216. [PMID: 36039388 PMCID: PMC9628978 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2207.07058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the effects of PEGylation and biotinylation on the delivery efficiency of proteins, the cationic protein lysozyme (LZ) and anionic protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) were chemically conjugated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and biotin-PEG to primary amine groups of proteins using N-hydroxysuccinimide reactions. Four types of protein conjugates were successfully prepared: PEGylated LZ (PEG-LZ), PEGylated BSA (PEG-BSA), biotin-PEG-conjugated LZ (Bio-PEG-LZ), and biotin-PEG-conjugated BSA (Bio-PEG-BSA). PEG-LZ and Bio-PEG-LZ exhibited a lower intracellular uptake than that of LZ in A549 human lung cancer cells (in a two-dimensional culture). However, Bio-PEG-BSA showed significantly improved intracellular delivery as compared to that of PEG-BSA and BSA, probably because of favorable interactions with cells via biotin receptors. For A549/fibroblast coculture spheroids, PEG-LZ and PEG-BSA exhibited significantly decreased tissue penetration as compared with that of unmodified proteins. However, Bio-PEG-BSA showed tissue penetration comparable to that of unmodified BSA. In addition, citraconlyated LZ (Cit-LZ) showed reduced spheroid penetration as compared to that of LZ, probably owing to a decrease in protein charge. Taken together, chemical conjugation of targeting ligands-PEG to anionic proteins could be a promising strategy to improve intracellular delivery and in vivo activity, whereas modifications of cationic proteins should be more delicately designed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won Ho Jung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayeon You
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Mok
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-2-450-0448 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|