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Ren Y, Xu Y. Recent advances in two-dimensional polymers: synthesis, assembly and energy-related applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1823-1869. [PMID: 38192222 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00782k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) are a class of 2D crystalline polymer materials with definite structures, which have outstanding physical-chemical and electronic properties. They cleverly link organic building units through strong covalent bonds and can construct functional 2DPs through reasonable design and selection of different monomer units to meet various application requirements. As promising energy materials, 2DPs have developed rapidly in recent years. This review first introduces the basic overview of 2DPs, such as their historical development, inherent 2D characteristics and diversified topological advantages, followed by the summary of the typical 2DP synthesis methods recently (including "top-down" and "bottom-up" methods). The latest research progress in assembly and processing of 2DPs and the energy-related applications in energy storage and conversion are also discussed. Finally, we summarize and prospect the current research status, existing challenges, and future research directions of 2DPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Ren
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yuxi Xu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Bao J, Song X, Tian F, Shi H, Liang S, Wang S, Zeng M, Xue Y, Hong C, Xu Z. Biomass Separators as a "Lifesaver" for Safe and Long-Life Lithium Metal Batteries. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302236. [PMID: 37705492 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The growth of lithium dendrites and the shuttle of polysulfides in lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have hindered their development. In LMBs, the cathode and anode are separated by a separator, although this does not solve the battery's issues. The use of biomass materials is widespread for modifying the separator due to their porous structure and abundant functional groups. LMBs perform more electrochemically when lithium ions are deposited uniformly and polysulfide shuttling is reduced using biomass separators. In this review, we analyze the growth of lithium dendrite and the shuttle of polysulfide in LMBs, summarize the types of biomass separator materials and the mechanisms of action (providing mechanical barriers, promoting uniform deposition of metal ions, capturing polysulfides, shielding polysulfide). The prospect of developing new separator materials from the perspective of regulating ion transport and physical sieving efficiency as well as the application of advanced technologies such as synchrotron radiation to characterize the mechanism of action of biomass separators is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxi Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Xiaohui Song
- Tianjin Kinfa Advanced Materials Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Haiting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Shuaitong Liang
- International Joint Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Textiles of Henan Province, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yanling Xue
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Chunxia Hong
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
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Li C, Wang DD, Poon Ho GSH, Zhang Z, Huang J, Bang KT, Lau CY, Leu SY, Wang Y, Kim Y. Anthraquinone-Based Silicate Covalent Organic Frameworks as Solid Electrolyte Interphase for High-Performance Lithium-Metal Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37916601 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Lithium (Li)-metal batteries (LMBs) possess the highest theoretical energy density among current battery designs and thus have enormous potential for use in energy storage. However, the development of LMBs has been severely hindered by safety concerns arising from dendrite growth and unstable interphases on the Li anode. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) incorporating either redox-active or anionic moieties on their backbones have high Li-ion (Li+) conductivities and mechanical/chemical stabilities, so are promising for solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) in LMBs. Here, we synthesized anthraquinone-based silicate COFs (AQ-Si-COFs) that contained both redox-active and anionic sites via condensation of tetrahydroxyanthraquinone with silicon dioxide. The nine Li+-mediated charge/discharge processes enabled the AQ-Si-COF to demonstrate an ionic conductivity of 9.8 mS cm-1 at room temperature and a single-ion-conductive transference number of 0.92. Computational studies also supported the nine Li+ mechanism. We used AQ-Si-COF as the solid electrolyte interphase on the Li anode. The LMB cells with a LiCoO2 cathode attained a maximum reversible capacity of 188 mAh g-1 at 0.25 C during high-voltage operation. Moreover, this LMB cell demonstrated suppressed dendrite growth and stable cyclability, with its capacity decreasing by less than 3% up to 100 cycles. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of our redox-active and anionic COFs and their practical utility as SEI in LMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dong Wang
- University of Michigan - Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Gerald Siu Hang Poon Ho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyang Zhang
- University of Michigan - Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ki-Taek Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Yin Lau
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Yuan Leu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanming Wang
- University of Michigan - Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yoonseob Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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Yan S, Liu F, Ou Y, Zhou HY, Lu Y, Hou W, Cao Q, Liu H, Zhou P, Liu K. Asymmetric Trihalogenated Aromatic Lithium Salt Induced Lithium Halide Rich Interface for Stable Cycling of All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries. ACS NANO 2023; 17:19398-19409. [PMID: 37781911 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are the key components for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries with high energy density and intrinsic safety. However, the low lithium ion transference number (t+) of a conventional SPE and its unstable electrolyte/electrode interface cannot guarantee long-term stable operation. Herein, asymmetric trihalogenated aromatic lithium salts, i.e., lithium (3,4,5-trifluorobenzenesulfonyl)(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiFFF) and lithium (4-bromo-3,5-difluorobenzenesulfonyl)(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiFBF), are synthesized for polymer electrolytes. They exhibit higher t+ values and better compatibility with Li metal than conventional lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI). Due to the trihalogenated aromatic anions, LiFFF- and LiFBF-based electrolytes are prone to generate an LiF- and LiBr-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), therefore increasing the stability of the solid electrolyte/anode interface. Particularly, LiFBF could induce a LiF/LiBr hybrid SEI, where LiF shows a high Young's modulus and high surface energy for homogenizing Li ion flux and LiBr exhibits an extremely low Li ion diffusion barrier in the SEI layer. As a result, the Li/Li symmetric cells could remain stable for more than 1200 h without a short circuit and the LiFePO4/Li batteries showed superb electrochemical performance over 1200 cycles at 1 C. This work provides valuable insights from the perspective of lithium salt molecular structures for high-performance all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang-Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- National Academy of Safety Science and Engineering, China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Beijing 100012, People's Republic ofChina
| | - Yang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingbin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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Jin X, Zhao L, Zhang X, Wang Z, Hao M, Li Y. Ligand as Buffer for Improving Chemical Stability of Coordination Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:42267-42276. [PMID: 36075001 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemical stability is one of the key concerns in coordination polymers (CPs). However, technologies to protect CPs against acidic or alkaline aqueous environments have yet to be implemented. Herein we demonstrate an approach for improving the pH stability by utilizing the ligand salt as buffering site to modify the unsaturated coordination sites of CPs. For the selective one-dimensional CP Eu-d-DBTA (d-H2DBTA = d-O,O'-dibenzoyltartaric acid) with a pH stability range of 6-8, the introduction of the ligand salt Na-d-DBTA extends the pH stability interval from 3 to 11. Crystallographic structure data reveal the formation of a Eu/Na-d-DBTA dynamic structure with Na-d-DBTA buffer sites on the Eu-O cluster of the Eu-d-DBTA skeleton. Benefiting from the dynamic single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation, the buffer sites protect the skeleton from the impact of the acidic or alkaline aqueous environment. In addition, Eu/Na-d-DBTA produces stable photoluminescence properties and selective responses toward l-tryptophan (l-Trp) and further toward l-lysine (l-Lys) over the whole buffer capacity range of 3-11. Noticeably, other Ln/Na-d-DBTA CPs and star metal-organic frameworks also exhibit pH stability improvement when the ligand-as-buffer technology is used, which is significant for developing advanced inorganic-organic hybrid materials with superior functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Jin
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Lina Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Zicheng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Ming Hao
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Li
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
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Lin Z, Lin L, Zhu J, Wu W, Yang X, Sun X. An Anti-Aromatic Covalent Organic Framework Cathode with Dual-Redox Centers for Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:38689-38695. [PMID: 35975747 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising cathode candidates with high structural stability. However, they contain redox inactive linkages and experience low redox potential. Herein, a full anti-aromatic microporous COF cathode material of TAQ-BQ is designed for aqueous zinc batteries. The anti-aromatic conjugation effectively lowers the energy level of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital as revealed by theoretical calculations, which corresponds to an elevated redox potential. Besides, the structure contains imino active sites at the linkages, in addition to carbonyl at the active parts. As a result, the TAQ-BQ cathode exhibits a voltage of 1.53 V/1.54 V and between 1.35 and 0.45 V in zinc cells. It delivers 208 mAh g-1 capacity at 0.1 A g-1 and maintains 136 mAh g-1 at 2 A g-1. Stable cycling is realized for 1000 cycles with 87% capacity retention. The co-de/insertion of Zn2+ and protons is identified for energy storage. Our work reveals the promises of COF cathode materials for aqueous zinc batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, 3-11 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Lu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, 3-11 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, 3-11 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Wanlong Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, 3-11 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xianpeng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, 3-11 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xiaoqi Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, 3-11 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110819, China
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Sun T, Liang Y, Luo W, Zhang L, Cao X, Xu Y. A General Strategy for Kilogram-Scale Preparation of Highly Crystal-line Covalent Triazine Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203327. [PMID: 35411713 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Scalable and eco-friendly synthesis of crystalline porous covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) is essential to realize their broad industrial applications but remains a great challenge, which requires the fundamental understanding of the two-dimensional polymerization mechanism. Herein, we report a universal polyphosphoric acid (H6 P4 O13 )-catalyzed nitrile trimerization route to synthesize a series of highly crystalline CTFs with high specific surface areas. This new strategy enables the cost-effective large-scale fabrication of crystalline CTFs at kilogram level for the first time. Through density functional theory calculation and detailed controlled experiments, we reveal that the polyphosphate acid show much higher catalytic activity for trimerization reaction than its analogues such as P2 O5 and H3 PO4 . Furthermore, the crystalline CTFs with regular porosity and abundant triazine groups exhibit ultrahigh removal efficiency of micropollutants, indicating its great potential in environment remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Sun
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan Liang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wenjia Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuxi Xu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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Sun T, Liang Y, Luo W, Zhang L, Cao X, Xu Y. A General Strategy for Kilogram‐Scale Preparation of Highly Crystal‐line Covalent Triazine Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Sun
- School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Yan Liang
- School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 Gansu Province China
| | - Wenjia Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu 610500 Sichuan Province China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu 610500 Sichuan Province China
| | - Yuxi Xu
- School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China
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Wang F, Zhang Z, Shakir I, Yu C, Xu Y. 2D Polymer Nanosheets for Membrane Separation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103814. [PMID: 35084113 PMCID: PMC8922124 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of single-layer graphene in 2004, the family of 2D inorganic nanosheets is considered as ideal membrane materials due to their ultrathin atomic thickness and fascinating physicochemical properties. However, the intrinsically nonporous feature of 2D inorganic nanosheets hinders their potential to achieve a higher flux to some extent. Recently, 2D polymer nanosheets, originated from the regular and periodic covalent connection of the building units in 2D plane, have emerged as promising candidates for preparing ultrafast and highly selective membranes owing to their inherently tunable and ordered pore structure, light weight, and high specific surface. In this review, the synthetic methodologies (including top-down and bottom-up methods) of 2D polymer nanosheets are first introduced, followed by the summary of 2D polymer nanosheets-based membrane fabrication as well as membrane applications in the fields of gas separation, water purification, organic solvent separation, and ion exchange/transport in fuel cells and lithium-sulfur batteries. Finally, based on their current achievements, the authors' personal insights are put forward into the existing challenges and future research directions of 2D polymer nanosheets for membrane separation. The authors believe this comprehensive review on 2D polymer nanosheets-based membrane separation will definitely inspire more studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghai201800China
- School of EngineeringWestlake UniversityHangzhouZhejiang Province310024China
- School of EngineeringWestlake Institute for Advanced StudyHangzhouZhejiang Province310024China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- School of EngineeringWestlake UniversityHangzhouZhejiang Province310024China
- School of EngineeringWestlake Institute for Advanced StudyHangzhouZhejiang Province310024China
| | - Imran Shakir
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Sustainable Energy Technologies CenterCollege of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11421Saudi Arabia
| | - Chengbing Yu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghai201800China
| | - Yuxi Xu
- School of EngineeringWestlake UniversityHangzhouZhejiang Province310024China
- School of EngineeringWestlake Institute for Advanced StudyHangzhouZhejiang Province310024China
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