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Roth A, Porter AP, Horger S, Ochoa-Romero K, Guirado G, Rossini AJ, Vela J. Lead-Free Semiconductors: Phase-Evolution and Superior Stability of Multinary Tin Chalcohalides. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:4542-4552. [PMID: 38764751 PMCID: PMC11099925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Tin-based semiconductors are highly desirable materials for energy applications due to their low toxicity and biocompatibility relative to analogous lead-based semiconductors. In particular, tin-based chalcohalides possess optoelectronic properties that are ideal for photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications. In addition, they are believed to benefit from increased stability compared with halide perovskites. However, to fully realize their potential, it is first necessary to better understand and predict the synthesis and phase evolution of these complex materials. Here, we describe a versatile solution-phase method for the preparation of the multinary tin chalcohalide semiconductors Sn2SbS2I3, Sn2BiS2I3, Sn2BiSI5, and Sn2SI2. We demonstrate how certain thiocyanate precursors are selective toward the synthesis of chalcohalides, thus preventing the formation of binary and other lower order impurities rather than the preferred multinary compositions. Critically, we utilized 119Sn ssNMR spectroscopy to further assess the phase purity of these materials. Further, we validate that the tin chalcohalides exhibit excellent water stability under ambient conditions, as well as remarkable resistance to heat over time compared to halide perovskites. Together, this work enables the isolation of lead-free, stable, direct band gap chalcohalide compositions that will help engineer more stable and biocompatible semiconductors and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison
N. Roth
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- US
DOE Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Andrew P. Porter
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- US
DOE Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Sarah Horger
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Kerly Ochoa-Romero
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Guirado
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Aaron J. Rossini
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- US
DOE Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Javier Vela
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- US
DOE Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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2
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Roth AN, Chen Y, Santhiran A, Opare-Addo J, Gi E, Smith EA, Rossini AJ, Vela J. Designing complex Pb 3SBr xI 4-x chalcohalides: tunable emission semiconductors through halide-mixing. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12331-12338. [PMID: 37969605 PMCID: PMC10631247 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02733c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chalcohalides are desirable semiconducting materials due to their enhanced light-absorbing efficiency and stability compared to lead halide perovskites. However, unlike perovskites, tuning the optical properties of chalcohalides by mixing different halide ions into their structure remains to be explored. Here, we present an effective strategy for halide-alloying Pb3SBrxI4-x (1 ≤ x ≤ 3) using a solution-phase approach and study the effect of halide-mixing on structural and optical properties. We employ a combination of X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and solid-state NMR spectroscopy to probe the chemical structure of the chalcohalides and determine mixed-halide incorporation. The absorption onsets of the chalcohalides blue-shift to higher energies as bromide replaces iodide within the structure. The photoluminescence maxima of these materials mimics this trend at both the ensemble and single particle fluorescence levels, as observed by solution-phase and single particle fluorescence microscopy, respectively. These materials exhibit superior stability against moisture compared to traditional lead halide perovskites, and IR spectroscopy reveals that the chalcohalide surfaces are terminated by both amine and carboxylate ligands. Electronic structure calculations support the experimental band gap widening and volume reduction with increased bromide incorporation, and provide useful insight into the likely atomic coloring patterns of the different mixed-halide compositions. Ultimately, this study expands the range of tunability that is achievable with chalcohalides, which we anticipate will improve the suitability of these semiconducting materials for light absorbing and emission applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison N Roth
- US DOE Ames National Laboratory Ames Iowa 50010 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Yunhua Chen
- US DOE Ames National Laboratory Ames Iowa 50010 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Anuluxan Santhiran
- US DOE Ames National Laboratory Ames Iowa 50010 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Jemima Opare-Addo
- US DOE Ames National Laboratory Ames Iowa 50010 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Eunbyeol Gi
- US DOE Ames National Laboratory Ames Iowa 50010 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Emily A Smith
- US DOE Ames National Laboratory Ames Iowa 50010 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Aaron J Rossini
- US DOE Ames National Laboratory Ames Iowa 50010 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Javier Vela
- US DOE Ames National Laboratory Ames Iowa 50010 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011 USA
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3
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Kapuria N, Nan B, Adegoke TE, Bangert U, Cabot A, Singh S, Ryan KM. Colloidal Synthesis of Multinary Alkali-Metal Chalcogenides Containing Bi and Sb: An Emerging Class of I-V-VI 2 Nanocrystals with Tunable Composition and Interesting Properties. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:4810-4820. [PMID: 37396682 PMCID: PMC10308588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The growth mechanism and synthetic controls for colloidal multinary metal chalcogenide nanocrystals (NCs) involving alkali metals and the pnictogen metals Sb and Bi are unknown. Sb and Bi are prone to form metallic nanocrystals that stay as impurities in the final product. Herein, we synthesize colloidal NaBi1-xSbxSe2-ySy NCs using amine-thiol-Se chemistry. We find that ternary NaBiSe2 NCs initiate with Bi0 nuclei and an amorphous intermediate nanoparticle formation that gradually transforms into NaBiSe2 upon Se addition. Furthermore, we extend our methods to substitute Sb in place of Bi and S in place of Se. Our findings show the initial quasi-cubic morphology transforms into a spherical shape upon increased Sb substitution, and the S incorporation promotes elongation along the <111> direction. We further investigate the thermoelectric transport properties of the Sb-substituted material displaying very low thermal conductivity and n-type transport behavior. Notably, the NaBi0.75Sb0.25Se2 material exhibits an ultralow thermal conductivity of 0.25 W·m-1·K-1 at 596 K with an average thermal conductivity of 0.35 W·m-1·K-1 between 358 and 596 K and a ZTmax of 0.24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilotpal Kapuria
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Bingfei Nan
- Catalonia
Institute for Energy Research -IREC, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Temilade Esther Adegoke
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ursel Bangert
- Department
of Physics and Energy and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Andreu Cabot
- Catalonia
Institute for Energy Research -IREC, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shalini Singh
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kevin M. Ryan
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94T9PX Limerick, Ireland
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Arachchi S, Palma SP, Sanders CI, Xu H, Ghosh Biswas R, Soong R, Simpson AJ, Casabianca LB. Binding Between Antibiotics and Polystyrene Nanoparticles Examined by NMR. ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2022; 3:47-55. [PMID: 36691656 PMCID: PMC9856636 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.2c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the interactions between plastic nanoparticles and small molecules is important to understanding these interactions as they occur in polluted waterways. For example, plastic that breaks down into micro- and nanoscale particles will interact with small molecule pollutants that are also present in contaminated waters. Other components of natural water, such as dissolved organic matter, will also influence these interactions. Here we use a collection of complementary NMR techniques to examine the binding between polystyrene nanoparticles and three common antibiotics, belonging to a class of molecules that are expected to be common in polluted water. Through examination of proton NMR signal intensity, relaxation times, saturation-transfer difference (STD) NMR, and competition STD-NMR, we find that the antibiotics have binding strengths in the order amoxicillin < metronidazole ≪ levofloxacin. Levofloxacin is able to compete for binding sites, preventing the other two antibiotics from binding. The presence of tannic acid disrupts the binding between levofloxacin and the polystyrene nanoparticles, but does not influence the binding between metronidazole and these nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saduni
S. Arachchi
- Department
of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina29634, United States
| | - Stephanie P. Palma
- Department
of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina29634, United States
| | - Charlotte I. Sanders
- Department
of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina29634, United States
| | - Hui Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina29634, United States
| | - Rajshree Ghosh Biswas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, OntarioM1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Ronald Soong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, OntarioM1C 1A4, Canada
| | - André J. Simpson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, OntarioM1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Leah B. Casabianca
- Department
of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina29634, United States,
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