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Duverger E, Riedel D. Optoelectronic Readout of Single Er Adatom's Electronic States Adsorbed on the Si(100) Surface at Low Temperature (9 K). ACS NANO 2024; 18:9656-9669. [PMID: 38502103 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Integrating nanoscale optoelectronic functions is vital for applications such as optical emitters, detectors, and quantum information. Lanthanide atoms show great potential in this endeavor due to their intrinsic transitions. Here, we investigate Er adatoms on Si(100)-2×1 at 9 K using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) coupled to a tunable laser. Er adatoms display two main adsorption configurations that are optically excited between 800 and 1200 nm while the STM reads the resulting photocurrents. Our spectroscopic method reveals that various photocurrent signals stem from the bare silicon surface or Er adatoms. Additional photocurrent peaks appear as the signature of the Er adatom relaxation, triggering efficient dissociation of nearby trapped excitons. Calculations using density functional theory with spin-orbit coupling correction highlight the origin of the observed photocurrent peaks as specific 4f→4f or 4f→5d transitions. This spectroscopic technique can facilitate optoelectronic analysis of atomic and molecular assemblies by offering insight into their intrinsic quantum properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Duverger
- Institut FEMTO-ST, Univ. Franche-Comté, CNRS, F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Damien Riedel
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
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Liang K, Bi L, Zhu Q, Zhou H, Li S. Ultrafast Dynamics Revealed with Time-Resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: A Review. ACS APPLIED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2023; 1:924-938. [PMID: 37260467 PMCID: PMC10227725 DOI: 10.1021/acsaom.2c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) capable of performing pump-probe spectroscopy integrates unmatched atomic-scale resolution with high temporal resolution. In recent years, the union of electronic, terahertz, or visible/near-infrared pulses with STM has contributed to our understanding of the atomic-scale processes that happen between milliseconds and attoseconds. This time-resolved STM (TR-STM) technique is evolving into an unparalleled approach for exploring the ultrafast nuclear, electronic, or spin dynamics of molecules, low-dimensional structures, and material surfaces. Here, we review the recent advancements in TR-STM; survey its application in measuring the dynamics of three distinct systems, nucleus, electron, and spin; and report the studies on these transient processes in a series of materials. Besides the discussion on state-of-the-art techniques, we also highlight several emerging research topics about the ultrafast processes in nanoscale objects where we anticipate that the TR-STM can help broaden our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkai Liang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0309, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0418, United States
| | - Liya Bi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0309, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0418, United States
| | - Qingyi Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0309, United States
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0309, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0418, United States
| | - Shaowei Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0309, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0418, United States
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